United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability

The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the main investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.

House Oversight Committee

Standing committee
Active United States House of Representatives 118th Congress
History
Formed	1927
Leadership
Chair	James Comer (R) Since January 7, 2023
Ranking member	Jamie Raskin (D) Since January 7, 2023
Vice chair	TBD
Structure
Seats	47
Political parties	Majority (26)   Republican (26) Minority (21)   Democratic (21)
Subcommittees
National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs Government Operations and the Federal Workforce Economic Growth, Energy Policy and Regulatory Affairs Health Care and Financial Services Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic (118th Congress)
Website
oversight.house.gov oversightdemocrats.house.gov
Rules
House Rule X Committee Rules (118th Congress)

The committee's broad jurisdiction and legislative authority make it one of the most influential and powerful panels in the House. Its chair is one of only three in the House with the authority to issue subpoenas without a committee vote or consultation with the ranking member.^[1] However, in recent history, it has become practice to refrain from unilateral subpoenas.^[2]

Carolyn Maloney (D-New York) served as acting chair of the committee following the death of Elijah Cummings (D-Maryland) on October 17, 2019;^[3][4][5] she was elected chair a month later.^[6][7] Representative Jim Jordan served as ranking member from January 3, 2019, until March 12, 2020. On March 31, 2020, Jordan switched to become the ranking member of the Judiciary committee instead. Representative Mark Meadows served as ranking member from March 13, 2020, until March 30, 2020, when he resigned his congressional seat to become White House Chief of Staff.^[5][8] Representative James Comer (R-Kentucky) was selected to succeed Meadows on June 29, 2020. Comer became Chair when Republicans regained control of the House majority,^[9] with Representative Jamie Raskin (D-Maryland) being elected as Ranking Member.^[10] Politico reported in late January that Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-New York) would be appointed as the Vice Ranking Member.^[11]

History

The panel now known as the Committee on Oversight and Accountability was originally the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments, created in 1927 to consolidate 11 separate Committees on Expenditures that had previously overseen the spending of various departments of the federal government.^[12][13]

The modern-day committee's immediate predecessor, the Committee on Government Operations, was established in 1952.^[12] The new name was intended to reflect the committee's broad mission: to oversee "the operations of Government activities at all levels with a view to determining their economy and efficiency".^[13]

After Republicans gained control of the House in the 1994 elections, the committee was reorganized to include seven subcommittees instead of 14. This reorganization consolidated the jurisdiction previously covered by three full committees and resulted in a 50 percent cut in staff.^[14] In 2007, a reorganization under a new Democratic majority combined the duties of the seven subcommittees into five.^[15]

In the 106th Congress, the panel was renamed the Committee on Government Reform. While retaining the agenda of the former Committee on Government Operations, the new committee also took on the responsibilities of the former House Committee on the Post Office and Civil Service and the Committee on the District of Columbia. On January 4, 2007, the 110th Congress renamed it the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. The name was changed again by the 116th Congress to the Committee on Oversight and Reform. For the 118th Congress, Republicans changed the name to "Committee on Oversight and Accountability, which is the current iteration. Since 2007, it has simply been called the "Oversight Committee" for short.

Subpoena usage

In 1997, the Republican majority on the committee changed its rules to allow the chairman, Dan Burton (R-Indiana), to issue subpoenas without the consent of the committee's ranking Democrat.^[16] From 1997 to 2002, Burton used this authority to issue 1,052 unilateral subpoenas, many of them related to alleged misconduct by President Bill Clinton, at a cost of more than $35 million.^[17]

By contrast, from 2003 to 2005, under the chairmanship of Tom Davis (R-Virginia), the committee issued only three subpoenas to the Bush administration.^[17]

After Republicans retook the House in the 2010 elections, the new chairman, Darrell Issa (R-California), escalated the use of subpoenas again, issuing more than 100 in four years during the Obama administration.^[18] That was more than the combined total issued by the previous three chairmen—Davis, Henry Waxman (D-California), and Edolphus Towns (D-New York)—from 2003 to 2010.^[19]

Prominent hearings and investigations

Between 2000 and 2006, many major events and scandals in the Bush administration generated few or no subpoenas from the Republican-led committee. These events included the September 11 attacks; the leaking of classified information identifying Central Intelligence Agency agent Valerie Plame; CIA-backed abuses at Abu Ghraib prison; the Bush administration claim that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction; illegal campaign contributions by lobbyists, including Jack Abramoff; deaths and damage due to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's weak response to Hurricane Katrina; and Philip Cooney's suppression of data demonstrating the existence of global warming. After the release of the Downing Street memo, which contained incriminating information on the buildup to the Iraq War, Democrats in the minority were refused a hearing chamber and were forced to meet in the basement of the United States Capitol.^[20]

However, under Davis's chairmanship from 2003 to 2007, the committee launched two controversial investigations. One of those investigations—triggered by the publication of Jose Canseco's memoir, Juiced—concerned the use of anabolic steroids by Major League Baseball players.^{[citation needed]}

An inquiry was also made into the case of Terry Schiavo. In that investigation, which concerned the removal of a feeding tube from a woman in a persistent vegetative state, the committee issued a subpoena requiring Schiavo to "appear" so that members could "examine nutrition and hydration which incapacitated patients receive as part of their care".^[21] The apparent objective of this, beyond providing information to committee members, was to delay the pending withdrawal of life support from Schiavo, whose wishes were in dispute, while Congress considered legislation specifically targeted at her case. Members of the Democratic minority opposed the action. Chairman Davis said it was "a legitimate legislative inquiry".^[22]

The committee also investigated World Wrestling Entertainment's wellness and drug policies, amid speculation about a possible link between steroid use and the death of WWE performer Chris Benoit.^[23]

On July 8, 2009, committee Republicans released an investigative staff report discussing the financial crisis of 2007–2008. The report alleged that the government had caused the collapse by meddling in the United States' housing and lending market in the name of "affordable housing".^[24]

In February 2012, the committee held a hearing on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's mandate that would "require all employers to cover birth control free of cost to women". Specifically, Republicans on the committee alleged that the Department of Health and Human Services's rules governing exemptions for religious institutions violated the Free Exercise Clause of the Constitution.^[25] The chairman, Darrell Issa, said the hearing was "meant to be more broadly about religious freedom and not specifically about the contraception mandate in the Health Reform law".^[26]

After Aaron Swartz committed suicide on January 11, 2013, the committee investigated the Justice Department's actions in prosecuting Swartz on hacking charges.^[27] On January 28, Issa and ranking member Elijah Cummings published a letter to Attorney General Eric Holder, questioning whether prosecutors had intentionally added felony counts to increase the amount of prison time Swartz faced.^[28]

On July 10, 2019, a hearing was held by the United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties entitled "Kids in Cages: Inhumane Treatment at the Border" on the "inhumane treatment of children and families" inside child detention centers on the southern US border. Jamie Raskin (D-MD) chaired the session which included testimony from Yazmin Juarez, the mother of Mariee who died at the age of nineteen months while detained in a United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) center in Dilley, Texas.^[29] In his opening statement Raskin said that "hundreds of thousands of people" have responded to the "harsh policies" by deciding to "migrate now before things get even worse".^[30]

Members, 118th Congress

Majority

Minority

James Comer, Kentucky, Chair Jim Jordan, Ohio Mike Turner, Ohio Paul Gosar, Arizona Virginia Foxx, North Carolina Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin Gary Palmer, Alabama Clay Higgins, Louisiana Pete Sessions, Texas Andy Biggs, Arizona Nancy Mace, South Carolina Jake LaTurner, Kansas Pat Fallon, Texas Byron Donalds, Florida Kelly Armstrong, North Dakota Scott Perry, Pennsylvania William Timmons, South Carolina Tim Burchett, Tennessee Marjorie Taylor Greene, Georgia Lisa McClain, Michigan Lauren Boebert, Colorado Russell Fry, South Carolina Anna Paulina Luna, Florida Chuck Edwards, North Carolina Nick Langworthy, New York Eric Burlison, Missouri

Jamie Raskin, Maryland, Ranking Member Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of Columbia Stephen Lynch, Massachusetts Gerry Connolly, Virginia Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois Ro Khanna, California Kweisi Mfume, Maryland Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York, Vice Ranking Member Katie Porter, California Cori Bush, Missouri Jimmy Gomez, California Shontel Brown, Ohio Melanie Stansbury, New Mexico Robert Garcia, California Maxwell Frost, Florida Becca Balint, Vermont Summer Lee, Pennsylvania Greg Casar, Texas Jasmine Crockett, Texas Dan Goldman, New York Jared Moskowitz, Florida

Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 14 (Chair), H.Res. 15 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 70 (R), H.Res. 71 (D)

Subcommittees

Subcommittee	Chair^[1]	Ranking Member
Cyber Security, Information Technology and Government Innovation	Nancy Mace (R-SC)	Gerry Connolly (D-VA)
Economic Growth, Energy Policy and Regulatory Affairs	Pat Fallon (R-TX)	Cori Bush (D-MO)
Government Operations and the Federal Workforce	Pete Sessions (R-TX)	Kweisi Mfume (D-MD)
Health Care and Financial Services	Lisa McClain (R-MI)	Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL)
National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs	Glenn Grothman (R-WI)	Katie Porter (D-CA)
Coronavirus Pandemic (Select)	Brad Wenstrup (R-OH)	TBD

Former Subcommittees

• United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (116th Congress-117th Congress)
  • Dissolved by Chairman James Comer during the 118th Congress
• United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Environment (115th Congress-117th Congress)
  • Dissolved by Chairman James Comer during the 118th Congress
• United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Affairs (115th Congress)
  • Dissolved by Chairman Elijah Cummings during the 116th Congress
• United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets (111th Congress-113th Congress)
  • Dissolved the end of the 114th United States Congress.

Chair

	Chair	Party	State	Years
	William Williamson	Republican	South Dakota	1927–1931
	John J. Cochran	Democratic	Missouri	1931–1940
	James A. O'Leary	Democratic	New York	1940–1944
	Carter Manasco	Democratic	Alabama	1944–1947
	Clare Hoffman	Republican	Michigan	1947–1949
	William L. Dawson	Democratic	Illinois	1949–1953
	Clare Hoffman	Republican	Michigan	1953–1955
	William L. Dawson	Democratic	Illinois	1955–1970
	Chester E. Holifield	Democratic	California	1970–1974
	Jack Brooks	Democratic	Texas	1975–1989
	John Conyers	Democratic	Michigan	1989–1995
	William F. Clinger	Republican	Pennsylvania	1995–1997
	Dan Burton	Republican	Indiana	1997–2003
	Thomas M. Davis	Republican	Virginia	2003–2007
	Henry Waxman	Democratic	California	2007–2009
	Edolphus Towns	Democratic	New York	2009–2011
	Darrell Issa	Republican	California	2011–2015
	Jason Chaffetz	Republican	Utah	2015–2017
	Trey Gowdy	Republican	South Carolina	2017–2019
	Elijah Cummings	Democratic	Maryland	2019
	Carolyn Maloney	Democratic	New York	2019–2023
	James Comer	Republican	Kentucky	2023–present

Historical membership rosters

117th Congress

Majority

Minority

Carolyn Maloney, New York, Chair Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of Columbia Stephen Lynch, Massachusetts Jim Cooper, Tennessee Gerry Connolly, Virginia Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois Jamie Raskin, Maryland Ro Khanna, California Kweisi Mfume, Maryland Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York, Rashida Tlaib, Michigan Katie Porter, California Cori Bush, Missouri Danny Davis, Illinois Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Florida Peter Welch, Vermont Hank Johnson, Georgia John Sarbanes, Maryland Jackie Speier, California Robin Kelly, Illinois Brenda Lawrence, Michigan Mark DeSaulnier, California Jimmy Gomez, California Ayanna Pressley, Massachusetts Shontel Brown, Ohio (since December 1, 2021)

James Comer, Kentucky, Ranking Member Jim Jordan, Ohio Paul Gosar, Arizona (until November 12, 2021) Virginia Foxx, North Carolina Jody Hice, Georgia Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin Michael Cloud, Texas Bob Gibbs, Ohio Clay Higgins, Louisiana Ralph Norman, South Carolina Pete Sessions, Texas Fred Keller, Pennsylvania Andy Biggs, Arizona Andrew Clyde, Georgia Nancy Mace, South Carolina Scott Franklin, Florida Jake LaTurner, Kansas Pat Fallon, Texas Yvette Herrell, New Mexico Byron Donalds, Florida Mike Flood, Nebraska (since July 13, 2022)

Sources: H.Res.9 (Chair), H.Res.10 (Ranking Member) H.Res.62 (D), H.Res.63 (R), H.Res.789 (Removing Paul Gosar), H.Res.825 (D - Shontel Brown), H.Res.1225 (R - Mike Flood)

116th Congress

Majority

Minority

Elijah Cummings, Maryland, Chair Carolyn Maloney, New York Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of Columbia Lacy Clay, Missouri Stephen Lynch, Massachusetts Jim Cooper, Tennessee Gerry Connolly, Virginia Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois Jamie Raskin, Maryland Harley Rouda, California Katie Hill, California, Vice Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Florida John Sarbanes, Maryland Peter Welch, Vermont Jackie Speier, California Robin Kelly, Illinois Mark DeSaulnier, California Brenda Lawrence, Michigan Stacey Plaskett, U.S. Virgin Islands Ro Khanna, California Jimmy Gomez, California Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York Ayanna Pressley, Massachusetts Rashida Tlaib, Michigan

Jim Jordan, Ohio, Ranking Member Justin Amash, Michigan Paul Gosar, Arizona Virginia Foxx, North Carolina Thomas Massie, Kentucky Mark Meadows, North Carolina Jody Hice, Georgia Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin James Comer, Kentucky Michael Cloud, Texas Bob Gibbs, Ohio Clay Higgins, Louisiana Ralph Norman, South Carolina Chip Roy, Texas Carol Miller, West Virginia Mark Green, Tennessee Kelly Armstrong, North Dakota Greg Steube, Florida

Sources: H.Res. 24 (Chair), H.Res. 25 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 67 (D), H.Res. 68 (R)

Membership changes

The Oversight and Government Reform Committee underwent numerous membership changes over the course of the 116th United States Congress.

• July 10, 2019: Fred Keller (R-PA) added to committee roster. H.Res. 481
• October 17, 2019: Chairman Elijah Cummings (D-MD) passed away. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) assumed acting Chairship.
• November 3, 2019: Vice Chair Katie Hill (D-CA) resigned.^[31]
• November 20, 2019: Carolyn Maloney elected permanent chair.^[32] H.Res. 725
• December 19, 2019: Katie Porter (D-CA) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) added to committee roster. H.Res. 773
• February 27, 2020: Ro Khanna (D-CA) added to committee roster, ranking after Harley Rouda. H.Res. 870
• March 21, 2020: Ranking Member Jim Jordan (R-OH) stepped down to assume the Ranking Membership of the Judiciary Committee; Mark Meadows (R-NC) assumes Ranking Membership.^[33]
• March 30, 2020: Mark Meadows (R-NC) resigned to become White House Chief of Staff.^[8] Jim Jordan resumes Ranking Membership temporarily.
• May 8, 2020: Kweisi Mfume (D-MD) added to committee roster, ranking after Harley Rouda. H.Res. 954
• June 29, 2020: James Comer (R-KY) elected permanent Ranking Member.^[34]
• July 1, 2020: Gary Palmer (R-AL) added to committee roster, ranking after Michael Cloud. H.Res. 1037

Subcommittees

Subcommittee	Chair	Ranking Member
Civil Rights and Civil Liberties	Jamie Raskin (D-MD)	Chip Roy (R-TX)
Economic and Consumer Policy	Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL)	Michael Cloud (R-TX)
Environment	Harley Rouda (D-CA)	James Comer (R-KY)
Government Operations	Gerry Connolly (D-VA)	Mark Meadows (R-NC)^[8]
National Security	Stephen Lynch (D-MA)	Jody Hice (R-GA)
Coronavirus Crisis (Select)	Jim Clyburn (D-SC)	Steve Scalise (R-LA)

115th Congress

Majority

Minority

Trey Gowdy, South Carolina, Chair Jimmy Duncan, Tennessee Darrell Issa, California Jim Jordan, Ohio Mark Sanford, South Carolina Justin Amash, Michigan Paul Gosar, Arizona Scott DesJarlais, Tennessee Michael Cloud, Texas Virginia Foxx, North Carolina Thomas Massie, Kentucky Mark Meadows, North Carolina Dennis A. Ross, Florida Mark Walker, North Carolina Rod Blum, Iowa Jody Hice, Georgia Steve Russell, Oklahoma Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin Will Hurd, Texas Gary Palmer, Alabama James Comer, Kentucky Paul Mitchell, Michigan Greg Gianforte, Montana

Elijah Cummings, Maryland, Ranking Member Carolyn Maloney, New York Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of Columbia Lacy Clay, Missouri Stephen Lynch, Massachusetts Jim Cooper, Tennessee Gerry Connolly, Virginia, Vice Ranking Member Robin Kelly, Illinois Brenda Lawrence, Michigan Ted Lieu, California Bonnie Watson Coleman, New Jersey Stacey Plaskett, U.S. Virgin Islands Brendan Boyle, Pennsylvania Val Demings, Florida Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois Jamie Raskin, Maryland Jimmy Gomez, California Peter Welch, Vermont Matt Cartwright, Pennsylvania Mark DeSaulnier, California John Sarbanes, Maryland

Sources: H.Res. 6 (Chair), H.Res. 7 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 45 (D) H.Res. 51 (R), H.Res. 52, H.Res. 95 and H.Res. 127 (D)

See also

• List of current United States House of Representatives committees

References

1. Koempel, Michael (March 16, 2017). "A Survey of House and Senate Committee Rules on Subpoenas" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
2. "Cummings to Issa: Unilateral subpoenas, access to records" (PDF). January 24, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
3. Chiacu, Doina; Heavey, Susan (October 17, 2019). Lambert, Lisa (ed.). "Maloney to be acting House oversight chair after Cummings death". Reuters. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
4. "Cummings Named Oversight Committee Chairman" (Press release). Committee on Oversight and Reform. January 4, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
5. "Oversight and Reform Members". House Committee on Oversight and Reform. January 28, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
6. "Maloney Elected Chair of House Committee on Oversight and Reform". House Committee on Oversight and Reform. November 20, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
7. Daly, Matthew (November 20, 2019). "Maloney chosen as first woman to lead House Oversight panel". WCTI-TV. Associated Press. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
8. Moe, Alex; Helsel, Phil (March 30, 2020). "Rep. Mark Meadows resigns from Congress to become Trump's chief of staff". NBC News. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
9. https://comer.house.gov/press-release?id=B22F725B-E19B-4C33-A929-12B6C07CF0B5
10. https://raskin.house.gov/2022/12/rep-jamie-raskin-to-lead-democrats-on-house-oversight-committee
11. https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/27/rep-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-could-become-number-two-democrat-on-oversight-panel-00079938
12. "House Committee on Government Reform". princeton.edu. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
13. "Oversight Plan". lobby.la.psu.edu. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
14. (PDF). House.gov. May 20, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2006. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
15. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 31, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
16. Green, Joshua (November 7, 2018). "Republicans Weaponized the House. Now, Democrats Will Use It Against Trump". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
17. Milbank, Dana (December 18, 2005). "Bush's Fumbles Spur New Talk of Oversight on Hill". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
18. Wire, Sarah D. (July 17, 2017). "Darrell Issa was Obama's toughest critic. Here's why he's suddenly sounding like a moderate". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
19. "Cummings Objects To Issa 'Subpoena Binge' After Benghazi Taken Away From Oversight Committee". House Committee on Oversight and Reform. July 9, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
20. Kuhn, David Paul (June 17, 2005). "Just hearsay, or the new Watergate tapes?". Salon. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
21. "Davis to Schiavo subpoena" (PDF). Abstractappeal.com. March 18, 2005. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
22. Adair, Bill; Nohlgren, Stephen (March 19, 2005). "Republicans flex subpoena muscle". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
23. . MSNBC. July 28, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
24. The Role of Government Affordable Housing Policy in Creating the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 July 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
25. Pear, Robert (February 16, 2012). "Birth Control Coverage Rule Debated at House Hearing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
26. Shine, Tom (February 16, 2012). "Rep. Darrell Issa Bars Minority Witness, a Woman, on Contraception". ABC News. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
27. Sasso, Brendan. "Lawmakers slam DOJ prosecution of Swartz as 'ridiculous, absurd'". Hillicon Valley. The hill. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
28. Zetter, Kim. "Congress Demands Justice Department Explain Aaron Swartz Prosecution | Threat Level". Wired.com. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
29. Jamie Raskin (July 10, 2019). House hearing on conditions in child detention centers (video). United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. Washington, DC: Guardian News. Retrieved July 11, 2019. Ronald Vitiello, former chief of US Border Patrol and former acting director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, also testifies.
30. Raskin, Jamie (July 10, 2019). "Chairman Raskin's Opening Statement at Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Hearing on Treatment of Immigrant Children". Retrieved July 11, 2019.
31. Caygle, Heather; Bresnahan, John; Cheney, Kyle (October 27, 2019). "Rep. Katie Hill to resign amid allegations of inappropriate relationships with staffers". Politico. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
32. Ferris, Sarah (November 20, 2019). "Rep. Carolyn Maloney wins election to chair House Oversight Committee". Politico. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
33. Beavers, Olivia; Brufke, Julie Grace (February 6, 2020). "House Republicans move Jordan to Judiciary, Meadows to Oversight". The Hill. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
34. Zanona, Melanie (June 29, 2020). "GOP panel picks James Comer as top Republican on Oversight Committee". Politico. Retrieved February 16, 2021.

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform.

• House Oversight and Government Reform Committee (Archive)
• House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. Legislation activity and reports, Congress.gov.
• House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Hearings and Meetings Video. Congress.gov.
• a government ethics and reform nonprofit agency
• Plum Book, United States Government Policy Key Employees and Supporting Positions: About the Committee on Government Reform
• Records of the Government Operations Committee and its Predecessors at the National Archives and Records Administration