United States Forces Japan

United States Forces Japan (USFJ) (Japanese: 在日米軍, Hepburn: Zainichi Beigun) is a subordinate unified command of the United States Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM). It was activated at Fuchū Air Station in Tokyo, Japan, on 1 July 1957 to replace the Far East Command.^[2] USFJ is commanded by the Commander, US Forces Japan (COMUSJAPAN) who is dual-hatted as commander of the Fifth Air Force. U.S. Forces Japan is currently headquartered at Yokota Air Base in Tokyo.

United States Forces Japan 在日米軍
USFJ insignia
Active	1 July 1957 — present (65 years, 6 months)
Country	Japan  United States
Size	50,000 (approx.)
Part of	United States Indo-Pacific Command
Headquarters	Yokota Air Base, Fussa, Western Tokyo
Nickname(s)	USFJ
Website	https://www.usfj.mil/
Commanders
Commander	Lt Gen Ricky N. Rupp, USAF^[1]
Deputy Commander	BGen James B. Wellons, USMC
Senior Enlisted Leader	CMSgt Wendell J. Snider, USAF

COMUSJAPAN plans, directs, and supervises the execution of missions and responsibilities assigned by the Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (COMUSINDOPACOM). They establish and implement policies to accomplish the mission of the United States Armed Forces in Japan and are responsible for developing plans for the defense of the country. USFJ supports the Security Treaty and administers the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) between the United States and Japan. They are responsible for coordinating various matters of interest with the service commanders in Japan. These include matters affecting US-Japan relationships among and between the United States Department of Defense; DOD agencies and the U.S. Ambassador to Japan; and DOD agencies and the Government of Japan (GOJ).

Under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, the United States is obliged to provide Japan in close cooperation with the Japan Self-Defense Forces, with maritime defense, ballistic missile defense, domestic air control, communications security, and disaster response.

History

 

JGSDF soldiers at Camp Kinser

 

United States Forces helped Japanese in Operation Tomodachi following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in Asia, the United States Armed Forces assumed administrative authority in Japan. The Japanese Imperial Army and Navy were decommissioned, and the U.S. Armed Forces took control of Japanese military bases until a new government could be formed and positioned to reestablish authority. Allied forces planned to demilitarize Japan, and the new government adopted the Constitution of Japan with a no-armed-force clause in 1947.

After the Korean War began in 1950, Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan and the Japanese government established the paramilitary "National Police Reserve", which was later developed into the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).

In 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco was signed by the allied countries and Japan, which restored its formal sovereignty. At the same time, the U.S. and Japan signed the Japan-America Security Alliance. By this treaty, USFJ is responsible for the defense of Japan. As part of this agreement, the Japanese government requested that the U.S. military bases remain in Japan, and agreed to provide funds and various interests specified in the Status of Forces Agreement. At the expiration of the treaty, the United States and Japan signed the new Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan. The status of the United States Forces Japan was defined in the U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement. This treaty is still in effect, and it forms the basis of Japan's foreign policy.

During the Vietnam War, US military bases in Japan, especially those in the Okinawa Prefecture, were used as important strategic and logistic bases. In 1970, the Koza riot occurred against the US military presence on Okinawa. The USAF strategic bombers were deployed in the bases on Okinawa, which were still administered by the U.S. government. Before the 1972 reversion of the island to Japanese administration, it has been speculated but never confirmed that up to 1,200 nuclear weapons may have been stored at Kadena Air Base on Okinawa during the 1960s.^[3]

As of 2013^[update], there are approximately 50,000 U.S. military personnel stationed in Japan, along with approximately 40,000 dependents of military personnel and another 5,500 American civilians employed there by the United States Department of Defense. The United States Seventh Fleet is based in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture. The 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) is based on Okinawa. 130 USAF fighters are stationed in the Misawa Air Base and Kadena Air Base.^[4]

The Japanese government paid ¥217 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2007^[5] as annual host-nation support called Omoiyari Yosan (思いやり予算, sympathy budget or compassion budget).^[6] As of the 2011 budget, such payment was no longer to be referred to as omoiyari yosan or "sympathy budget".^[7] Japan compensates 75 percent of U.S. basing costs — $4.4 billion.^[8]

Immediately after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 9,720 dependents of United States military and government civilian employees in Japan evacuated the country, mainly to the United States.^[9]

The relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Henoko was resolved in December 2013 with the signing of a landfill agreement by the governor of Okinawa. Under the terms of the U.S.-Japan agreement, five thousand U.S. Marines were relocated to Guam and four thousand U.S. Marines to other Pacific locations such as Hawaii or Australia while around ten thousand Marines were to remain on Okinawa.^{[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]} No timetable for the Marines redeployment was announced, but The Washington Post reported that U.S. Marines would leave Okinawa as soon as suitable facilities on Guam and elsewhere were ready.^[13] The relocation move was expected to cost 8.6 billion US dollars,^[10] including a $3.1bn cash commitment from Japan for the move to Guam as well as for developing joint training ranges on Guam and on Tinian and Pagan in the Northern Mariana Islands.^[11] Certain parcels of land on Okinawa which were leased for use by the American military were supposed to be turned back to Japanese control via a long-term phased return process according to the agreement.^[13] These returns have been ongoing since 1972.^{[citation needed]} In October 2020, Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz was activated on Guam. The new base is meant to house Marine relocated from Okinawa, with the final relocation planned for 2025.^[17]

Further information: Relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma

In May 2014, in a strategic shift by the United States to Asia and the Pacific, it was revealed the US was deploying two unarmed Global Hawk long-distance surveillance drones to Japan for surveillance missions over China and North Korea.^[18]

United States presence debate

See also: Okinawa Island § U.S. military in Okinawa, and Protests of US military presence in Okinawa

As of May 2022, the stationing of U.S. military personnel at military facilities across Okinawa Island remains a hotly-contested and controversial issue, with the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma often being at the forefront of protests against the presence of U.S. military presence on the island.^[19][20][21] Despite an agreement to relocate Marine Corps Air Station Futenma first being reached by the Japanese and U.S. governments in 1996, progress to relocate the base has stalled due to widespread anti-base protests across Okinawa centering on concerns relating to crimes perpetrated by U.S. military personnel stationed on Okinawa and the existence of environmental pollution resulting from the construction, operation and potential relocation of U.S. military bases on Okinawa.^{[19][20][22][23]}

Do they need bases in Henoko or Futenma? Are they unnecessary? Even aside from this discussion, security is changing.—Former Japan Minister of Defense Fumio Kyuma^[24]

Okinawa makes up only 0.6 percent of the nation's land area;^[4] yet, approximately 62% of United States bases in Japan (exclusive use only) are on Okinawa.^[25][26]

The U.S. government employs over eight thousand Master Labor Contract (MLC)/Indirect Hire Agreement (IHA) workers on Okinawa (per the Labor Management Organization), not including Okinawan contract workers.^[27]

Survey among Japanese

In 2002, 73.4% of Japanese citizens stated that the Japan-US security treaty is useful for Japan's peace and security^{[28][needs update]} but part of the population demands a reduction in the number of U.S. military bases on Okinawa.^[29]

In May 2010, a survey of the Okinawan people conducted by the Mainichi Shimbun and the Ryūkyū Shimpō, found that 71% of Okinawans surveyed thought that the presence of Marines on Okinawa was not necessary (15% said it was necessary). When asked what they thought about 62% of exclusive use United States Forces Japan bases being concentrated on Okinawa, 50% said that the number should be reduced and 41% said that the bases should be removed. When asked about the US-Japan security treaty, 55% said it should be a peace treaty, 14% said it should be abolished, and 7% said it should be maintained.^[30]

Many of the bases, such as Yokota Air Base, Naval Air Facility Atsugi and Kadena Air Base, are located in the vicinity of residential districts, and local citizens have complained about excessive aircraft noise.^[31][32][33] The 2014 poll by Ryūkyū Shimpō found that 80% of surveyed Okinawans want the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma moved out of the prefecture.^[34]

On 25 June 2018, Okinawan residents protested against the construction of a new airfield intended for the US military base in the United States. The activists, armed with placards and banners, went to sea on seventy boats and ships. Protesters urged the Japanese authorities to stop the expansion of the US military presence on the island. Some of the boats went to the guarded construction site, where they came across the Coast Guard patrol vessels. Some activists were arrested for entering a prohibited zone.^[35]

On 11 August 2018, about 70,000 protesters gathered at a park in the prefecture capital of Naha to protest the planned relocation of a U.S military base on the southern Japanese island. Opponents of the relocation say the plan to move U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma from a crowded neighborhood to a less-populated coastal site would not only affect the environment, but would also go against local wishes to have the base moved from the island entirely.^[36]

Status of forces agreement

There is also debate over the Status of Forces Agreement due to the fact that it covers a variety of administrative technicalities blending the systems which control how certain situations are handled between the U.S.'s and Japan's legal framework.^[37]

United States service member behavior

Between 1972 and 2009, U.S. servicemen committed 5,634 criminal offenses, including 25 murders, 385 burglaries, 25 arsons, 127 rapes, 306 assaults, and 2,827 thefts.^[38] Yet, per Marine Corps Installations Pacific data, U.S. service members are convicted of far fewer crimes than local Okinawans.^[39] According to the U.S.-Japan Status of Forces Agreement, when U.S. personnel crimes are committed both off-duty and off-base, they should always be prosecuted under the Japanese law.^[40]

On 12 February 2008, the National Police Agency (of Japan) or NPA, released its annual criminal statistics that included activity within the Okinawa prefecture. These findings held American troops were only convicted of 53 crimes per 10,000 U.S. male servicemen, while Okinawan males were convicted of 366 crimes per 10,000. The crime rate found a U.S. serviceman on Okinawa to be 86% less likely to be convicted of a crime by the Japanese government than an Okinawan male.^[41]

Crime

See also: Yumiko-chan incident, 1995 Okinawa rape incident, and Michael Brown Okinawa assault incident

 

GIs in Special Comfort Facility Association during occupation of Japan.

At the beginning of the occupation of Japan, in 1945, many U.S. soldiers participated in the Special Comfort Facility Association.^[42] The Japanese government enslaved 55,000 women to work providing sexual services to US military personnel.^[42] The Association was closed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.^[42]

In more recent history, "crimes ranging from rape to assault and hit-and-run accidents by U.S. military personnel, dependents and civilians have long sparked protests in the prefecture," stated The Japan Times.^[43] "A series of horrific crimes by present and former U.S. military personnel stationed on Okinawa has triggered dramatic moves to try to reduce the American presence on the island and in Japan as a whole," commented The Daily Beast in 2009.^[44]

In 1995, the abduction and rape of a 12-year-old Okinawan schoolgirl by two U.S. Marines and one U.S. sailor led to demands for the removal of all U.S. military bases in Japan. Other controversial incidents include helicopter crashes,^{[citation needed]} the Girard incident, the Michael Brown Okinawa assault incident, the death of the Kinjo family and the death of Yuki Uema. In February 2008, a 38-year-old U.S. Marine based on Okinawa was arrested in connection with the reported rape of a 14-year-old Okinawan girl.^[45] This triggered waves of protest against American military presence on Okinawa and led to tight restrictions on off-base activities.^[46][47] Although the accuser withdrew her charges, the U.S. military court-martialed the suspect and sentenced him to four years in prison under the stricter rules of the military justice system.^[48]

U.S. Forces Japan designated 22 February as a "Day of Reflection" for all U.S. military facilities in Japan, and established the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Task Force in an effort to prevent similar incidents.^[49] In November 2009, Staff Sgt. Clyde "Drew" Gunn, a U.S. Army soldier stationed at Torii Station was involved in a hit-and-run accident of a pedestrian in Yomitan Village on Okinawa. Later, in April 2010, the soldier was charged with failing to render aid and vehicular manslaughter.^[50] Staff Sgt. Gunn, of Ocean Springs, Mississippi, was eventually sentenced to two years and eight months in jail on 15 October 2010.^[51]

In 2013, two U.S. military personnel, Seaman Christopher Browning of Athens, Texas, and Petty Officer 3rd Class Skyler Dozierwalker of Muskogee, Oklahoma, were found guilty by the Naha District Court of raping and robbing a woman in her 20s in a parking lot in October. Both admitted committing the crime. The case outraged many Okinawans, a number of whom have long complained of military-related crime on their island, which hosts thousands of U.S. troops. It also sparked tougher restrictions for all 50,000 U.S. military personnel in Japan, including a curfew and drinking restrictions.^[52]

On 13 May 2013, in a controversial statement, Toru Hashimoto, co-leader of the Japan Restoration Association said to a senior American military official at the Marine Corps base on Okinawa that "we can’t control the sexual energy of these brave marines." He said that United States soldiers should make more use of the local adult entertainment industry to reduce sexual crimes against local women.^[53] Hashimoto also spoke of the necessity of former Japanese Army comfort women and of prostitutes for the U.S. military in other countries such as Korea.^[53]

In June 2016, after a civilian worker at the base was charged with murdering a Japanese woman, thousands of people protested on Okinawa.^[54] Organizers estimated turnout at 65,000 people, which was the largest anti-base protests on Okinawa since 1995.^[55]

In November 2017, an intoxicated U.S. service member was arrested following a vehicle crash on Okinawa that killed the other driver.^[56]

 

U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in 2016.

Osprey deployment on Okinawa

In October 2012, twelve MV-22 Ospreys were transferred to the US Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to replace aging Vietnam-era Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters on Okinawa.^[57] In October 2013, an additional 12 Ospreys arrived, again to replace CH-46 Sea Knights, increasing the number of Ospreys to 24. Japanese Defense Minister Satoshi Morimoto explained that the Osprey aircraft is safe, adding that two recent accidents were "caused by human factors".^[58] Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda also stated that the Japanese government was convinced of the MV-22's safety.^[59] Various incidents involving V-22 Ospreys have occurred on Okinawa.^{[60][better source needed]} On 5 April 2018, it was announced that the U.S. Air Force would officially deploy CV-22 Osprey aircraft at its Yokota Air Base on the outskirts of Tokyo. The deployment would be the first of Ospreys in Japan other than on Okinawa, where the U.S. Marines had already deployed their version of the aircraft, known as the MV-22s.^[61]

Environmental concerns

 

Protestor holding a "no base" sign opposing the relocation of MCAS Futenma.

More recently, environmental concerns have taken the forefront of the debate over the presence of U.S. military forces on the island of Okinawa.^[62] Since the late 1990s, environmental concerns elevated by both local residents as well as larger Okinawan and Japanese environmental action groups and independent activists have often resulted in public protests and demonstrations against the relocation of existing U.S. military bases and the construction of new replacement facilities, which have been labelled by some as examples of "modern colonialism".^[63][64][65] In particular, lingering environmental concerns over the disruption or destruction of coastal and marine habitats off the shores of Okinawa from construction, relocation and operation of U.S. military bases on Okinawa, has resulted in the protracted and continuing delayal of plans to relocate military facilities, such as Marine Corps Air Station Futenma.^[66][67]

Okinawa dugong lawsuit

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, initial plans to relocate Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to a new facility located offshore in Henoko Bay were met with strong resistance after sightings of dugong were reported in areas surrounding territory earmarked for the relocated airbase.^[68] A critically endangered species, dugong were traditionally fished and hunted throughout Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands.^[68] This drew the attention of local, national and international environmental action groups, who raised concerns that land reclamation projects tied to the construction of a new offshore airbase in Henoko Bay would result in the destruction of nearby dugong habitats and coastal ecosystems.^[69] Despite this, plans were set forth to continue ahead with the relocation of the base, notably, flouting the results of a 1997 referendum where the majority voted to reject a replacement facility.^[68]

In opposition to this, in September 2003, a group of Okinawan, Japanese and U.S. environmental organizations filed a lawsuit in San Francisco Federal Court to protest the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma.^[70] This lawsuit, initially entitled Okinawa Dugong v. Rumsfeld, argued that the U.S. Department of Defense failed to consider the impacts that relocating the base would have upon the local dugong population, in turn, violating the U.S. National Historic Preservation Act.^[71] This case was closed in January 2008; notably for the plaintiffs, it was ruled that the Department of Defense, by not considering the impacts of the relocated airbase upon the local dugong population, had in fact violated the National Historic Preservation Act, thus delaying the relocation of the base.^[70]

Water contamination

Concerns over water contamination have also exasperated recent tensions surrounding the presence of U.S. military bases in Okinawa.^[72] In June 2020, following the announcement of an earlier leak of firefighting foam from Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in April 2020, a water quality study conducted by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment published findings of elevated contamination levels of PFOS and PFOA at 37 different water sources near U.S. military bases and industrial areas which exceeded provisional national targets.^[73] Further incidents concerning the release of the cancer-inducing toxins also occurred in August 2021, further worsening tensions over the presence of 'alarming' levels of these toxic chemicals.^[74][75]

Subsequent tests around Kadena Air Base, specifically the training site 50 meters west of Dakujaku River, confirmed severe contamination in the water system with PFAS chemicals.^[76] These chemicals reach 10s of meters underground while plumes spread for several kilometers from these contaminated training sites flowed into nearby wells and waterways of Dakujaku River and Hija River which contaminated the drinking water of 450,000 residents.^[76] These toxic chemicals originate from firefighting foams which contain PFAS and were used at training sites of oversees US facilities during the 1970s and 80s.^[76] However, the US and Japanese governments say that the source of the issue cannot be confirmed.^[76]

Facilities

List of current facilities

 

Military facilities of the United States in Japan, 2016

 

U.S. military bases in Japan

 

U.S. military facilities on Okinawa

The USFJ headquarters is at Yokota Air Base, about 30 km west of central Tokyo.

The U.S. military installations in Japan and their managing branches are as follows:

Branch (MilDep)	USFJ Facilities Admin Code	Name of Installation	Primary Purpose (Actual)	Location
Air Force	FAC 1054	Camp Chitose (Chitose III, Chitose Administration Annex)	Communications	Chitose, Hokkaido
	FAC 2001	Misawa Air Base	Air Base	Misawa, Aomori
	FAC 3013	Yokota Air Base		Fussa, Tokyo
	FAC 3016	Fuchu Communications Station	Communications	Fuchu, Tokyo
	FAC 3019	Tama Service Annex (Tama Hills Recreation Center)	Recreation	Inagi, Tokyo
	FAC 3048	Camp Asaka (South Camp Drake AFN Transmitter Site)	Barracks (Broadcasting)	Wako, Saitama
	FAC 3049	Tokorozawa Communications Station (Tokorozawa Transmitter Site)	Communications	Tokorozawa, Saitama
	FAC 3056	Owada Communication Site		Niiza, Saitama
	FAC 3162	Yugi Communication Site		Hachioji, Tokyo
	FAC 4100	Sofu Communication Site		Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
	FAC 5001	Itazuke Auxiliary Airfield	Air Cargo Terminal	Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
	FAC 5073	Sefurisan Liaison Annex (Seburiyama Communications Station)	Communications	Kanzaki, Saga
	FAC 5091	Tsushima Communication Site		Tsushima, Nagasaki
	FAC 6004	Okuma Rest Center	Recreation	Kunigami, Okinawa
	FAC 6006	Yaedake Communication Site	Communications	Motobu, Okinawa
	FAC 6022	Kadena Ammunition Storage Area	Storage	Onna, Okinawa
	FAC 6037	Kadena Air Base	Air Base	Kadena, Okinawa
	FAC 6077	Tori Shima Range	Training	Kumejima, Okinawa
	FAC 6078	Idesuna Jima Range		Tonaki, Okinawa
	FAC 6080	Kume Jima Range		Kumejima, Okinawa
Army	FAC 2070	Shariki Communication Site	Communications	Tsugaru, Aomori
	FAC 3004	Akasaka Press Center (Hardy Barracks)	Office	Minato, Tokyo
	FAC 3067	Yokohama North Dock	Port Facility	Yokohama, Kanagawa
	FAC 3079	Camp Zama	Office	Zama, Kanagawa
	FAC 3084	Sagami General Depot	Logistics	Sagamihara, Kanagawa
	FAC 3102	Sagamihara Housing Area	Housing
		Kyogamisaki Communication Site	Communications	Kyōtango, Kyoto
	FAC 4078	Akizuki Ammunition Depot	Storage	Etajima, Hiroshima
	FAC 4083	Kawakami Ammunition Depot		Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima
	FAC 4084	Hiro Ammunition Depot		Kure, Hiroshima
	FAC 4152	Kure Pier No.6	Port Facility
	FAC 4611	Haigamine Communication Site	Communications
	FAC 6007	Gesaji Communication Site		Higashi, Okinawa
	FAC 6036	Torii Communications Station (Torii Station)		Yomitan, Okinawa
	FAC 6064	Naha Port	Port Facility	Naha, Okinawa
	FAC 6076	Army POL Depots	Storage	Uruma, Okinawa
Navy	FAC 2006	Hachinohe POL Depot		Hachinohe, Aomori
	FAC 2012	Misawa ATG Range (R130, Draughon Range)	Training	Misawa, Aomori
	FAC 3033	Kisarazu Auxiliary Landing Field	Air Facility	Kisarazu, Chiba
	FAC 3066	Negishi Dependent Housing Area (Naval Housing Annex Negishi)	Housing	Yokohama, Kanagawa
	FAC 3083	Naval Air Facility Atsugi	Air Facility	Ayase, Kanagawa
	FAC 3087	Ikego Housing Area and Navy Annex	Housing	Zushi, Kanagawa
	FAC 3090	Azuma Storage Area	Storage	Yokosuka, Kanagawa
	FAC 3096	Kamiseya Communications Station - returned to Japanese Gov 2015 (Naval Support Facility Kamiseya - returned to Japanese Gov 2015)	Communications (Housing)	Yokohama, Kanagawa
	FAC 3097	Fukaya Communication Site (Naval Transmitter Station Totsuka)	Communications
	FAC 3099	United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka	Port Facility	Yokosuka, Kanagawa
	FAC 3117	Urago Ammunition Depot	Storage
	FAC 3144	Tsurumi POL Depot		Yokohama, Kanagawa
	FAC 3181	Iwo Jima Communication Site	Communications (Training)	Ogasawara, Tokyo
	FAC 3185	New Sanno U.S. Forces Center	Recreation	Minato, Tokyo
	FAC 5029	United States Fleet Activities Sasebo	Port Facility	Sasebo, Nagasaki
	FAC 5030	Sasebo Dry Dock Area
	FAC 5032	Akasaki POL Depot	Storage
	FAC 5033	Sasebo Ammunition Supply Point
	FAC 5036	Iorizaki POL Depot
	FAC 5039	Yokose POL Depot		Saikai, Nagasaki
	FAC 5050	Harioshima Ammunition Storage Area		Sasebo, Nagasaki
	FAC 5086	Tategami Basin Port Area	Port Facility
	FAC 5118	Sakibe Navy Annex	Hangar
	FAC 5119	Hario Dependent Housing Area (Hario Family Housing Area)	Housing
	FAC 6028	Tengan Pier	Port Facility	Uruma, Okinawa
	FAC 6032	Camp Shields	Barracks	Okinawa, Okinawa
	FAC 6046	Awase Communications Station	Communications
	FAC 6048	White Beach Area	Port Facility	Uruma, Okinawa
	FAC 6084	Kobi Sho Range	Training	Ishigaki, Okinawa
	FAC 6085	Sekibi Sho Range
	FAC 6088	Oki Daito Jima Range		Kitadaito, Okinawa
Marine Corps	FAC 3127	Camp Fuji	Barracks	Gotenba, Shizuoka
	FAC 3154	Numazu Training Area	Training	Numazu, Shizuoka
	FAC 4092	Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni	Air Station	Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
	FAC 6001	Northern Training Area (Incl. Camp Gonsalves)	Training	Kunigami, Okinawa
	FAC 6005	Ie Jima Auxiliary Airfield		Ie, Okinawa
	FAC 6009	Camp Schwab		Nago, Okinawa
	FAC 6010	Henoko Ordnance Ammunition Depot	Storage
	FAC 6011	Camp Hansen	Training	Kin, Okinawa
	FAC 6019	Kin Red Beach Training Area
	FAC 6020	Kin Blue Beach Training Area
	FAC 6029	Camp Courtney	Barracks	Uruma, Okinawa
	FAC 6031	Camp McTureous
	FAC 6043	Camp Kuwae (Camp Lester)	Medical Facility	Chatan, Okinawa
	FAC 6044	Camp Zukeran (Camp Foster)	Barracks
	FAC 6051	Marine Corps Air Station Futenma	Air Station	Ginowan, Okinawa
	FAC 6056	Makiminato Service Area (Camp Kinser)	Logistics	Urasoe, Okinawa
	FAC 6082	Tsuken Jima Training Area	Training	Uruma, Okinawa

The table above show 84 in total.

• Camp Smedley D. Butler, Okinawa Prefecture, Yamaguchi Prefectures. (Although these camps are dispersed throughout Okinawa and the rest of Japan they are all under the heading of Camp Smedley D. Butler):
  • Camp McTureous, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Camp Courtney, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Camp Foster, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Camp Kinser, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Camp Hansen, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Camp Schwab, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Camp Gonsalves (Jungle Warfare Training Center), Okinawa Prefecture
  • Kin Blue Beach Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Kin Red Beach Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture
  • Higashionna Ammunition Storage Point II
  • Henoko Ordnance Ammunition Depot
• Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa Prefecture (return after the MCAS Futenma relocates to Camp Schwab)
• Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni
• Camp Fuji, Shizuoka Prefecture
• Numazu Training Area, Shizuoka Prefecture
• Ie Jima Auxiliary Airfield, Okinawa Prefecture
• Tsuken Jima Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture

JSDF-USFJ Joint Use Facilities and Areas

Temporary use facilities and areas are as follows:

USFJ Facilities Admin Code	Name of Installation	Primary Purpose	Location
FAC 1066	Camp Higashi Chitose (JGSDF)	Training	Chitose, Hokkaido
FAC 1067	Hokkaido Chitose Maneuver Area (JGSDF)
FAC 1068	Chitose Air Base (JASDF)	Air Base
FAC 1069	Betsukai Yausubetsu Large Maneuver Area (JGSDF)	Training	Betsukai, Hokkaido
FAC 1070	Camp Kushiro (JGSDF)	Barracks	Kushiro, Hokkaido
FAC 1071	Camp Shikaoi (JGSDF)	Training	Shikaoi, Hokkaido
FAC 1072	Kamifurano Medium Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Kamifurano, Hokkaido
FAC 1073	Camp Sapporo (JGSDF)		Sapporo, Hokkaido
FAC 1074	Shikaoi Shikaribetsu Medium Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Shikaoi, Hokkaido
FAC 1075	Camp Obihiro (JGSDF)		Obihiro, Hokkaido
FAC 1076	Asahikawa Chikabumidai Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Asahikawa, Hokkaido
FAC 1077	Camp Okadama (JGSDF)	Recreation	Sapporo, Hokkaido
FAC 1078	Nayoro Maneuver Area (JGSDF)	Training	Nayoro, Hokkaido
FAC 1079	Takikawa Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Takikawa, Hokkaido
FAC 1080	Bihoro Training Area (JGSDF)		Bihoro, Hokkaido
FAC 1081	Kutchan Takamine Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Kutchan, Hokkaido
FAC 1082	Engaru Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Engaru, Hokkaido
FAC 2062	Camp Sendai (JGSDF)		Sendai, Miyagi
FAC 2063	Camp Hachinohe (JGSDF)	Barracks	Hachinohe, Aomori
FAC 2064	Iwate Iwatesan Medium Maneuver Area (JGSDF)	Training	Takizawa, Iwate
FAC 2065	Taiwa Ojojihara Large Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Taiwa, Miyagi
FAC 2066	Kasuminome Airfield (JGSDF)	Airfield	Sendai, Miyagi
FAC 2067	Aomori Kotani Maneuver Area (JGSDF)	Training	Aomori, Aomori
FAC 2068	Hirosaki Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Hirosaki, Aomori
FAC 2069	Jinmachi Otakane Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Murayama, Yamagata
FAC 3104	Nagasaka Rifle Range (JGSDF)		Yokosuka, Kanagawa
FAC 3183	Fuji Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi Gotenba, Shizuoka
FAC 3184	Camp Takigahara (JGSDF)		Gotenba, Shizuoka
FAC 3186	Takada Sekiyama Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Joetsu, Niigata
FAC 3187	Hyakuri Air Base (JASDF)	Air Base	Omitama, Ibaraki
FAC 3188	Soumagahara Maneuver Area (JGSDF)	Training	Shinto, Gunma
FAC 3189	Camp Asaka (JGSDF)	Training	Asaka, Saitama
FAC 4161	Komatsu Air Base (JASDF)	Air Base	Komatsu, Ishikawa
FAC 4162	1st Service School (JMSDF)	Training	Etajima, Hiroshima
FAC 4163	Haramura Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima
FAC 4164	Imazu Aibano Medium Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Takashima, Shiga
FAC 4165	Gifu Air Base (JASDF)	Recreation	Kakamigahara, Gifu
FAC 4166	Camp Itami (JGSDF)	Training	Itami, Hyogo
FAC 4167	Nihonbara Medium Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Nagi, Okayama
FAC 4168	Miho Air Base (JASDF)	Air Base	Sakaiminato, Tottori
FAC 5115	Nyutabaru Air Base (JASDF)		Shintomi, Miyazaki
FAC 5117	Sakibe Rifle Range (JMSDF)	Training	Sasebo, Nagasaki
FAC 5120	Hijudai-Jumonjibaru Maneuver Area (JGSDF)		Yufu, Oita Beppu, Oita
FAC 5121	Tsuiki Air Base (JASDF)	Air Base	Chikujo, Fukuoka
FAC 5122	Omura Air Base (JMSDF)	Recreation	Omura, Nagasaki
FAC 5123	Oyanohara-Kirishima Maneuver Area (JGSDF)	Training	Yamato, Kumamoto Ebino, Miyazaki
FAC 5124	Camp Kita Kumamoto (JGSDF)		Kumamoto, Kumamoto
FAC 5125	Camp Kengun (JGSDF)
FAC 6181	Ukibaru Jima Training Area		Uruma, Okinawa

On Okinawa, U.S. military installations occupy about 10.4 percent of the total land usage. Approximately 74.7 percent of all the U.S. military facilities in Japan are located on the island of Okinawa.^{[citation needed]}

List of former facilities

The United States has returned some facilities to Japanese control. Some are used as military bases of the JSDF; others have become civilian airports or government offices; many are factories, office buildings or residential developments in the private sector. Due to the Special Actions Committee on Okinawa, more land on Okinawa is in the process of being returned. These areas include Camp Kuwae (also known as Camp Lester), MCAS Futenma, areas within Camp Zukeran (also known as Camp Foster) located about 9,900 acres (40 km²) of the Northern Training Area, Aha Training Area, Gimbaru Training Area (also known as Camp Gonsalves), a small portion of the Makiminato Service Area (also known as Camp Kinser), and Naha Port.

Army:

• Army Composite Service Group Area (later, Chinen Service Area), Nanjō, Okinawa
• Army STRATCOM Warehouse (later, Urasoe Warehouse), Urasoe, Okinawa
• Bluff Area (later, Yamate Dependent Housing Area), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Bolo Point Auxiliary Airfield (later, Trainfire Range), Yomitan, Okinawa
• Bolo Point Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Camp Bender, Ōta, Gunma
• Camp Boone, Ginowan, Okinawa
• Camp Burness, Chūō, Tokyo
• Camp Chickamauga, 19th Infantry, Beppu, Oita^[77]
• Camp Chigasaki, Chigasaki, Kanagawa
• Camp Chitose Annex (Chitose I, II), Chitose, Hokkaido
• Camp Coe, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Camp Crawford, Sapporo, Hokkaido
• Camp Drake, Asaka, Saitama
• Camp Drew, Ōizumi, Gunma
• Camp Eta Jima, Etajima, Hiroshima
• Camp Fowler, Sendai, Miyagi
• Camp Fuchinobe (Office Japan, NSAPACREP), Sagamihara, Kanagawa
• Camp Hakata, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka^[77]
• Camp Hardy, Ginoza, Okinawa
• Camp Haugen, Hachinohe, Aomori
• Camp Katakai, Kujūkuri, Chiba
• Camp King (later, Omiya Ordnance Sub Depot), Omiya, Saitama
• Camp Kokura, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
• Camp Kubasaki (later, Kubasaki School Area), [Nakagusuku, Okinawa]
• Camp Loper, Tagajō, Miyagi
• Camp McGill, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Camp McNair, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi
• Camp Mercy, Ginowan, Okinawa
• Camp Moore, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
• Camp Mower 34th Infantry, Sasebo, Nagasaki^[77]
• Camp Nara, Nara, Nara
• Camp Ojima, Ōta, Gunma
• Camp Otsu, Ōtsu, Shiga
• Camp Palmer, Funabashi, Chiba
   

  Camp Palmer sign
• Camp Schimmelpfennig, Sendai, Miyagi
• Camp Stilwell, Maebashi, Gunma
• Camp Weir, Shinto, Gunma
• Camp Whittington, Kumagaya, Saitama
• Camp Wood, 21st Infantry, Kumamoto^[77]
• Camp Younghans, Higashine, Yamagata
• Chibana Army Annex (later, Chibana Site), Okinawa, Okinawa
• Chinen Army Annex (later, Chinen Site), Chinen, Okinawa
• Chuo Kogyo (later, Niikura Warehouse Area), Wako, Saitama
• Deputy Division Engineer Office, Urasoe, Okinawa
• Division School Center, Kokura^[77]
• Etchujima Warehouse, Koto, Tokyo
• Funaoka Ammunition Depot, Shibata, Miyagi
• Hachinohe LST Barge Landing Area, Hachinohe, Aomori
• Hakata Transportation Office, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
• Hamby Auxiliary Airfield, Chatan, Okinawa
• Hosono Ammunition Depot, Seika, Kyoto
• Iribaru (Nishihara) Army Annex, Uruma, Okinawa
• Ishikawa Army Annex, Uruma, Okinawa
• Japan Logistical Command (Yokohama Customs House), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Jefferson Heights, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Kanagawa Milk Plant, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Kashiji Army Annex, Chatan, Okinawa
• Kishine Barracks, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Kobe Pier No. 6, Kobe, Hyogo
• Kobe Port Building, Kobe, Hyogo
• Koza Radio Relay Annex (later, Koza Communication Site), Okinawa, Okinawa
• Kure Barge Landing Area, Kure, Hiroshima
• Lincoln Center, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Moji Port, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
• Nagoya Procurement (Purchasing and Contracting) Office, Nagoya, Aichi
• Naha Army Annex (later, Naha Site), Naha, Okinawa
• Naha Service Center, Naha, Okinawa
• Namihira Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Negishi Racetrack Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Okinawa Regional Exchange Cold Storage (later, Naha Cold Storage), Naha, Okinawa
• Okinawa Regional Exchange Dry Storage Warehouse (later, Makiminato Warehouse), Urasoe, Okinawa
• Onna Point Army Annex (later, Onna Site), Onna, Okinawa
• Oppama Ordnance Depot, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Ota Koizumi Airfield (Patton Field Air Drop Range), Oizumi, Gunma
• Palace Heights, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Pershing Heights (Headquarters, U.S. Far East Command/United Nations Command), Shinjuku, Tokyo
• Sakuradani Rifle Range, Chikushino, Fukuoka
• Sanno Hotel Officer's Quarter, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Shikotsuko Training Area, Chitose, Hokkaido
• Shinzato Communication Site, Nanjo, Okinawa
• South Ammunition Storage Annex (later, South Ammunition Storage Area), Yaese, Okinawa
• Sunabe Army Annex, Chatan, Okinawa
• Tana Ammunition Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Tairagawa (Deragawa) Communication Site, Uruma, Okinawa
• Tengan Communication Site, Uruma, Okinawa
• Tokyo Army Hospital, Chūō, Tokyo
• Tokyo Quartermaster Depot, Minato, Tokyo
• Tokyo Ordnance Depot (later, Camp Oji), Kita, Tokyo
• U.S. Army Medical Center, Sagamihara, Kanagawa
• U.S. Army Printing and Publication Center, Far East, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
• U.S. Army Procurement Agency, Japan, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Center Pier (MSTS-FE), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Engineering Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Motor Command, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Ordnance Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama POL Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Servicemen Club, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Signal Supply Depot, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Signal Maintenance Depot (JLC Air Strip), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama South Pier, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yomitan Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Zama Rifle Range, Sagamihara, Kanagawa
• Zukeran Propagation Annex (later, Communication Site), Chatan, Okinawa

Navy:

• Haiki (Sasebo) Rifle Range, Sasebo, Nagasaki
• Inanba Shima Gunnery Firing Range, Mikurajima, Tokyo
• Kinugasa Ammunition Depot, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Koshiba POL Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Ominato Communication Site, Ominato, Aomori
• Omura Rifle Range, Omura, Nagasaki
• Makiminato Service Area Annex, Urasoe, Okinawa
• Minamitorishima Communication Site, Ogasawara, Tokyo
• Nagahama Rifle Range, Kure, Hiroshima
• Nagai Dependent Housing Area (Admiralty Heights), Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Nagiridani Dependent Housing Area, Sasebo, Nagasaki
• Naval Air Facility Naha, Naha, Okinawa
• Naval Air Facility Oppama, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Navy EM Club, Yokosuka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Niigata Sekiya Communication Site, Chuo-ku, Niigata
• Shinyamashita Dependent Housing Area (Bayside Court), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Sobe Communication Site (NSGA Hanza), Yomitan, Okinawa
• Tokachibuto Communication Site, Urahoro, Hokkaido
• Tomioka Storage Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Tsujido Maneuver Area, Chigasaki, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Bakery, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Beach (Honmoku) Dependent Housing Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Chapel Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Cold Storage, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokosuka Naval Pier, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Yosami Communication Site, Kariya, Aichi

Air Force:

• Ashiya Air Base (later, ATG Range), Ashiya, Fukuoka
• Asoiwayama Liaison Annex, Tobetsu, Hokkaido
• Brady Air Base (later, Gannosu Air Station), Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Chiran Communication Site, Chiran, Kagoshima
• Chitose Air Base, Chitose, Hokkaido
• Daikanyama Communication Site, Yugawara, Kanagawa
• Fuchu Air Station (Headquarters, USFJ/Fifth Air Force, 1957–1974), Fuchu, Tokyo
• Funabashi Communication Site, Funabashi, Chiba
• Grant Heights Dependent Housing Area, Nerima, Tokyo
• Green Park Housing Annex, Musashino, Tokyo
• Hachinohe Small Arms Range, Hachinohe, Aomori
• Hamura School Annex, Hamura, Tokyo
• Haneda Air Base (later, Postal Service Annex), Ota, Tokyo
• Hanshin Auxiliary Airfield, Yao, Osaka
• Hirao Communication Site, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka
• Itami Air Base, Itami, Hyogo
• Itazuke Administration Annex (Kasugabaru DHA), Kasuga, Fukuoka
• Itazuke Air Base, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
• Johnson Air Base (later, Air Station, Family Housing Annex), Iruma, Saitama
• Kadena Dependent Housing Area, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Kanto Mura Dependent Housing Area and Auxiliary Airfield, Chofu, Tokyo
• Kasatoriyama Radar Site, Tsu, Mie
• Kashiwa Communication Site (Camp Tomlinson), Kashiwa, Chiba
• Komaki (Nagoya) Air Base, Komaki, Aichi
• Kozoji Ammunition Depot, Kasugai, Aichi
• Kume Jima Air Station, Kumejima, Okinawa
• Kushimoto Radar Site, Kushimoto, Wakayama
• Miho Air Base, Sakaiminato, Tottori
• Mineoka Liaison Annex, Minamiboso, Chiba
• Mito ATG Range, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki
• Miyako Jima Air Station, Miyakojima, Okinawa
• Miyako Jima VORTAC Site, Miyakojima, Okinawa
• Moriyama Air Station, Nagoya, Aichi
• Naha Air Base, Naha, Okinawa
• Naha Air Force/Navy Annex, Naha, Okinawa
• Najima Warehouse Area, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Niigata Air Base, Niigata, Niigata
• Ofuna Warehouse, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Oshima Communication Center, Oshima, Tokyo
• Rokko Communication Site, Kobe, Hyogo
• Senaha Communications Station, Yomitan, Okinawa (returned to the Japanese government in September 2006)
• Sendai Kunimi Communication Site, Sendai, Miyagi
• Showa (later, Akishima) Dependent Housing Area, Akishima, Tokyo
• Shiroi Air Base, Kashiwa, Chiba
• Sunabe Warehouse, Chatan, Okinawa
• Tachikawa Air Base, Tachikawa, Tokyo
• Tokyo Communication Site (NTTPC Central Telephone Exchange), Chūō, Tokyo
• Wajima Liaison Annex, Wajima, Ishikawa
• Wajiro Water Supply Site, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Wakkanai Air Station, Wakkanai, Hokkaido
• Washington Heights Dependent Housing Area, Shibuya, Tokyo
• Yamada Ammunition Depot, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
• Yokawame Communication Site, Misawa, Aomori
• Yozadake Air Station, Itoman, Okinawa

Marines:

• Aha Training Area, Kunigami, Okinawa
• Camp Gifu, Kakamigahara, Gifu
• Camp Hauge, Uruma, Okinawa
• Camp Okubo, Uji, Kyoto
• Camp Shinodayama, Izumi, Osaka
• Gimbaru Training Area, Kin, Okinawa
• Ihajo Kanko Hotel, Uruma, Okinawa
• Makiminato Housing Area, Naha, Okinawa
• Onna Communication Site, Onna, Okinawa
• Awase Golf Course, Okinawa Prefecture (returned to the Japanese government in April 2010)
• Yaka Rest Center, Kin, Okinawa
• Yomitan Auxiliary Airfield, Yomitan, Okinawa (returned to the Japanese government in 2006, parachute drop training ended in March 2001)

See also

• U.S.-Japan Alliance
• United States Forces Korea (USFK)
• United States Taiwan Defense Command (USTDC)
• United States Air Force in the United Kingdom
• United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands
• United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands
• Operation Tomodachi
• Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey
• Amejo

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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Armed Forces in Japan.

• Brochure:Okinawa Prefectural Government Washington DC Office
• United States Forces Japan
• U.S. Forces, Japan (GlobalSecurity.org)
• Overseas Presence: Issues Involved in Reducing the Impact of the U.S. Military Presence on Okinawa, GAO, March 1998
• LMO