Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni
Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni or MCAS Iwakuni (岩国飛行場, Iwakuni hikōjō) (IATA: IWK, ICAO: RJOI) is a United States Marine Corps air station located in the Nishiki river delta, 1.3 NM (2.4 km; 1.5 mi) southeast of Iwakuni Station[1] in the city of Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
| Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni | |
|---|---|
岩国飛行場 | |
| Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan | |
MCAS Iwakuni Location in Japan MCAS Iwakuni MCAS Iwakuni (Japan) | |
| Coordinates | 34°08′42″N 132°14′39″E / 34.14500°N 132.24417°ECoordinates: 34°08′42″N 132°14′39″E / 34.14500°N 132.24417°E |
| Type | Marine Corps Air Station |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Various (leased by Government of Japan and made available to the US) |
| Operator | US Marine Corps |
| Controlled by | Marine Corps Installations Pacific (MCIPAC) |
| Condition | Operational |
| Website | www |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1940 |
| In use | 1940 – present |
| Garrison information | |
| Current commander | Colonel Richard M. Rusnok, Jr. |
| Garrison | |
| Airfield information | |
| Identifiers | IATA: IWK, ICAO: RJOI, WMO: 477640 |
| Elevation | 3 metres (10 ft) AMSL |
| Other airfield facilities | 1x seaplane ramp and 1x V/STOL pad |
| Airfield shared with Iwakuni Kintaikyo Airport. Source: Japanese AIP at AIS Japan[1] | |
History
The Japanese government bought a large portion of what is today MCAS Iwakuni in 1938, with the view of establishing a naval air station. They commissioned the new base 8 July 1940. When World War II started, the Iwakuni air station was used as a training and defense base. The station housed 96 trainers and 150 Zero fighter planes on the airstrip. In September 1943, a branch of the Etajima Naval Academy was established here, with approximately 1,000 cadets undergoing training in the Basic, Junior and Senior Officer's schools at any one time. American B-29's bombed Iwakuni in May and August 1945, concentrating on the oil refinery and Rail Transport Office or train station areas. The last air raid took place just a day before the war was brought to a close.
The first allies to reach Iwakuni at the war's end were a group of U.S. Marines who had signed papers ending the conflict for the Japanese air base. After the end of World War II, various military forces from the United States, Britain, Australia, and New Zealand occupied the base and it was repaired by No. 5 Airfield Construction Squadron RAAF and designated a Royal Australian Air Force Base in 1948. The Americans first occupied the base in 1950 to use it as a springboard for aircraft heading to the Korean War. In 1952, the base officially became a United States military base.[2]
Iwakuni had scheduled international service by private airlines from 1952 to 1964, during which time it had the IATA airport code IWJ. This code was later reassigned to Iwami Airport in neighboring Shimane Prefecture.[3]
Nuclear weapons were moved from Okinawa to the base for storage during a brief period in 1966. When U.S. ambassador to Japan Edwin O. Reischauer learned of the presence of the weapons, which was a violation of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, he told the United States Department of State that if the weapons were not removed within 90 days he would resign and go public with the information. The weapons were removed shortly thereafter, and their presence at the base did not become publicly known until 2010.[4]
It is currently home to around 10,000 United States Marines, sailors, and family members. The base is detailed for Marine pilot training and air patrol, using F/A-18 Hornet fighter-attack aircraft among others in compliance with the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security obligations to protect Japan. MCAS Iwakuni is also shared with the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force. MCAS Iwakuni is home to a Department of Defense school, Matthew C. Perry (Elementary, Middle School and High School).
A new off-shore runway opened at the base on 30 May 2010. The new runway is 2,440 meters in length.[5]
On 22 November 2017, a C-2A Greyhound cargo plane with 11 crew and passengers aboard crashed southeast of Okinawa after departing the base for the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan. Eight of the 11 were rescued.[6]
On 6 December 2018, an F/A-18D Hornet (callsign "Profane 12") belonging to VMFA(AW)-242 collided mid air with a KC-130 (callsign "Sumo 41") from VMGR-152 during a nighttime training exercise. The crew of Sumo 41 were killed in the collision along with the pilot of Profane 12. The co-pilot of Profane 12 was rescued by JMSDF Search & Rescue in Japanese waters. An investigation into the accident was led by the Marine Corps. ProPublica later conducted their own independent investigation after finding the Marine Corps initial results to be inaccurate.[7][8]
USN Carrier Air Wing 5 relocation to MCAS Iwakuni
Since at least 2005 there had been plans to relocate Carrier Air Wing Five's fixed wing aircraft from Naval Air Facility Atsugi in Kanagawa Prefecture to Iwakuni.[9] Yamaguchi governor Sekinari Nii said there was "no way" Yamaguchi prefecture would accept this.[10] In 2006 Iwakuni voters rejected the plan in a plebiscite[11] and Iwakuni mayor Katsusuke Ihara urged Tokyo to drop the plan.[12] In 2007 the Japanese government passed legislation to prepare for the relocation of US Forces in Japan including subsidies for local affected areas.[13]
The move was planned to have been done in 2014, but after construction delays the move was delayed by three years, to 2017.[14][15][16]
The move did not include the wing's two helicopter squadrons. The first CVW-5 squadron, VAW-125 flying the E-2D Hawkeye arrived in January 2017. The Boeing E/A-18G Growlers of VAQ-141 "Shadowhawks" completed relocation in January, 2018. By March 2018, all fixed wing aircraft of Carrier Air Wing 5 had completed relocation from NAF Atsugi.[17]
USMC F-35B aircraft
The first aircraft of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 121 "Green Knights" (VMFA-121) arrived on 18 January 2017.[18] This became the first forward deployed F-35B Lightning II squadron in the United States Marine Corps. They have since flown show of force sorties against North Korea.[19]
Role and operations
US Marine Corps
Marine Aircraft Group 12 (MAG-12) contains the rotary and fixed wing aircraft assets of Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni. MAG-12 is home to three flying squadrons, an aviation logistics squadron, and a ground support squadron.
- VMFA-242 "Bats"— one of two permanent forward deployed Marine F-35B Lightning II fighter squadrons.
- VMFA-121 "Green Knights"- the other permanent forward deployed Marine F-35B Lightning II fighter squadron.
- VMGR-152 "Sumos" — moved here from MCAS Futenma in Okinawa commencing in June 2014 with their 15 KC-130J Super Hercules.
- Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 12 (MALS-12) provides logistics support, guidance, and direction to MAG-12 and other commands aboard the Station. Click on the link to the right for more information on the Marauders.
- Marine Wing Support Squadron 171 (MWSS-171) provides essential Aviation Ground Support to the Station
- Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron (H&HS) provides administrative support and conducts training in general military skills for more than 800 Marines and sailors aboard MCAS Iwakuni.[20]
- Combat Logistics Company 36 (CLC-36) Provides logistic support to MWSS-171 and MAG 12.
US Air Force
The 374th Communications Squadron provides communications support to H&HS, MAG-12, Branch Medical Clinic Iwakuni, Army Corps of Engineers, and the JMSDF.
Based units
Flying and notable non-flying units based at MCAS Iwakuni.[21][22][23]
Commercial services
Regular commercial service started from 13 December 2012 with a civilian airport terminal built to accommodate commercial flights. It was initially projected that up to 430,000 passengers would use the airport each year,[24] and in the first seven months of operations the airport handled over 200,000 passengers, with average load factors between Iwakuni and Tokyo exceeding 70% during June 2013.[25]
Since IATA airport code IWJ, formerly assigned to Iwakuni, was already reassigned to Iwami Airport, new IATA code of IWK was assigned to Iwakuni. The inaugural flight was operated by All Nippon Airways from Haneda Airport. Also, Iwakuni Airport will be called by its official nickname "Iwakuni Kintaikyo Airport", named after the Kintaikyo bridge near the airport. In the future, they plan to serve international flights to China and South Korea and some other cities within Japan.
Airlines and destinations
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| All Nippon Airways | Tokyo–Haneda |
| ANA Wings | Naha,[26] Tokyo–Haneda |
Friendship Day
Every year on 5 May, Japanese nationals and U.S. service members, government employees and their families officially celebrate their long-standing friendship by opening the gates of MCAS Iwakuni for one of Japan's largest air shows dedicated to enhancing the friendship of the two nations. The event, entitled Friendship Day, hosts an average 250,000 visitors who travel from all over Japan.[27][28]
See also
References
- This article incorporates text in the public domain from the United States Marine Corps.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- ^ a b AIS Japan
- ^ MCAS Iwakuni, Japan. (n.d.). MCAS Iwakuni History. Retrieved 17 March 2010, . Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
- ^ "12月開港の岩国空港略称、「ＩＷＫ」に決まる". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. 28 July 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
国交省大阪航空局などによると、1952～64年の間、岩国は国際空港として民間機が発着しており、このときの略称はＩＷＪだったという。これは現在、石見空港（島根県益田市）の略称として使われている。
- ^ Jiji Press/Kyodo News, "U.S. kept nuclear arms at Iwakuni in 1966: scholar", Japan Times, 17 March 2010, p. 1.
- ^ Japan Times, "New Offshore Runway at U.S. Iwakuni Operational", 30 May 2010.
- ^ Rich, Motoko (22 November 2017). "Navy Aircraft With 11 Aboard Crashes into Waters Off Japan". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Miller, Robert Faturechi,Megan Rose,T Christian. "Faulty Equipment, Lapsed Training, Repeated Warnings: How a Preventable Disaster Killed Six Marines". ProPublica. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ Miller, Robert Faturechi,Megan Rose,T Christian. "U.S. Marine Corps Concludes Its Investigation Into a Fatal 2018 Midair Crash Was Inaccurate". ProPublica. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ Iwakuni to take in Atsugi jets? 4 Jun 2005 Japan Times Retrieved 10 August 2016
- ^ Yamaguchi governor rips Iwakuni move 31 October 2005 Japan Times Retrieved 10 August 2016
- ^ Johnston, Eric Iwakuni voters reject realignment plan 13 Mar 2006 Japan Times
- ^ Drop base plan: Iwakuni mayor 17 March 2006 Japan Times Retrieved 10 August 2016
- ^ Diet enacts law that paves way for U.S. forces realignment 24 May 2007 Japan Times Retrieved 10 August 2016
- ^ Air wing's move from Atsugi to Iwakuni delayed 3 years 25 January 2013 Stars and Stripes Retrieved 10 August 2016
- ^ Reducing military jet noise 9 August 2015 Japan Times Retrieved 10 August 2016
- ^ Suga visits Yamaguchi for consent to transfer U.S. carrier wing to base in Iwakuni 5 February 2017 Japan Times Retrieved 5 February 2017
- ^ Final Japan-Based CVW-5 Jet Squadrons Fly-in to MCAS Iwakuni (press release), Commander Navy Region Japan Public Affairs Office, 28 March 2018
- ^ Insinna, Valerie (10 January 2017). "First F-35B Squadron Moves to Japan". Defensenews.com. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
- ^ LaGrone, Sam (31 August 2017). "Marine F-35s, Air Force Bombers Sortie with South Korea, Japan in Show of Force After North Korea Missile Tests". USNI News. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ^ Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron
- ^ Kaminski, Tom (2019). "Aircraft of the US Navy and US Marine Corps". US Navy & Marine Corps Air Power Yearbook 2019. Key Publishing. pp. 68–92.
- ^ "Organizations". MCAS Iwakuni. US Marine Corps. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ Air Station Iwakuni - Unit (Japanese) 22 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Tritten, Travis J.; Sumida, Chiyomi (19 February 2010). "Japan carrier to offer Iwakuni flights". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^ "開港半年の岩国空港、利用は堅調". 日本経済新聞. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- ^ "ANA Adds New Domestic Routes in S16". airlineroute. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ^ (Press release). MCAS Iwakuni, United States Marine Corps. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 26 April 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
- ^ (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 1 May 2008.