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United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire

The United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) (French: Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)) was a UN-NATO peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) whose objective was "to facilitate the implementation by the Ivorian parties of the peace agreement signed by them in January 2003" (which aimed to end the Ivorian Civil War). The two main Ivorian parties were the Ivorian Government forces who controlled the south of the country, and the New Forces (former rebels), who controlled the north. The UNOCI mission aimed to control a "zone of confidence" across the centre of the country separating the two parties. The Head of Mission and Special Representative of the Secretary-General was Aïchatou Mindaoudou Souleymane from Niger. She succeeded Bert Koenders from the Netherlands in 2013, who himself succeeded Choi Young-jin from South Korea in 2011. The mission officially ended on 30 June 2017.[1][2]

Operation in Côte d'Ivoire
AbbreviationUNOCI
Formation4 April 2004
TypePeacekeeping mission
Legal statusAccomplished
HeadquartersAbidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Head
Aïchatou Mindaoudou
Parent organization
United Nations Security Council
Websitehttps://onuci.unmissions.org/en

The approved budget for the period July 2016 – June 2017 was $153,046,000. The last UN Security Council Resolution was 2284 (2016).[3]

Mandate

On 27 February 2004, during the First Ivorian Civil War, the United Nations (UN) Security Council adopted Resolution 1528, which authorized UNOCI to take over from the UN Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI, French: Mission des Nations unies en Côte d'Ivoire), an existing political mission to Ivory Coast.[4] It had an initial authorised strength of 6,240 uniformed personnel, and was expanded by Resolution 1609 on 24 June 2005 and Resolution 1682 on 2 June 2006.[5]

In February 2006, following an appeal by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, the Security Council agreed to strengthen the UNOCI forces by sending a battalion from United Nations Mission in Liberia with 800 soldiers to Ivory Coast.[6] As of November 2006, the mission consisted of about 8,000 uniformed soldiers from a total of 41 countries. They have included, from the Bangladeshi Army, 56th and 57th Battalions, East Bengal Regiment. They were deployed alongside 4,000 French soldiers of the Opération Licorne intervention.[7]

On 29 July 2008, the day before UNOCI's mandate was set to expire, the UN Security Council unanimously voted to extend its mandate to 31 January 2009 so that the peacekeepers could "support the organization of free, open, fair and transparent elections". A presidential election was planned for 2009, after numerous delays arising from postwar issues.[8] UNOCI's mandate was subsequently extended several times, including on 31 October 2008,[9] 31 January 2010,[10] 27 May 2010,[11] 20 December 2010,[12] and most recently on 27 July 2011.[13]

History

In January 2006, supporters of President Laurent Gbagbo attacked the base of the United Nations peacekeepers after the Ivorian Popular Front withdrew from the Ivorian Civil War peace process. About 1,000 protesters invaded the UN base at Guiglo.[14]

In the aftermath of the 2010 presidential election, incumbent president Gbagbo said UNOCI troops should leave the country. However, the UN refused to do so, upon which Gbagbo's aides then said UN troops would be treated as "rebels" should they stay in the country, where they are protecting the internationally recognised though domestically disputed winner of the election.[15]

On 30 March United Nations Security Council Resolution 1975 was issued which, in particular, urged all Ivorian parties to respect the will of the people and the election of Alassane Ouattara as President of Ivory Coast, as recognised by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Union and the rest of the international community and reiterated that UNOCI could use "all necessary measures" in its mandate to protect civilians under imminent threat of attack.

Heavy fighting broke out on 31 March 2011 as forces of Alassane Ouattara advanced on Abidjan from several directions. The United Nations peacekeepers took control of Abidjan's airport when Gbagbo's forces abandoned it and United Nations forces were also reported to be carrying out protective security operations in the city. The UN peacekeeping mission said its headquarters were fired on by Gbabgo's special forces on 31 March, and returned fire in an exchange lasting about three hours. UN convoys have also come under attack by Gbagbo loyalists four times since 31 March, with three peacekeepers injured in one of the attacks. The peacekeepers had exchanged fire with Gbagbo loyalists in several parts of the city.[16]

On 4 April 2011 UN and French helicopters also began firing on pro-Gbagbo military installations, a French military spokesman said the attacks were aimed at heavy artillery and armoured vehicles.[17] Eyewitnesses reported seeing two UN Mi-24P attack helicopters firing missiles at the Akouédo military camp in Abidjan.[18] UN helicopters were flown by Ukrainian Ground Forces crews seconded to the United Nations.[19] The attacks sparked protests by a Gbagbo spokesperson, who said that such actions were "illegal, illegitimate and unacceptable."[20] UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon defended the actions, however, saying that "the [UN] mission has taken this action in self-defence and to protect civilians."[20] He noted that Gbagbo's forces had fired on United Nations patrols and attacked the organization's headquarters in Abidjan "with heavy-caliber sniper fire as well as mortars and rocket-propelled grenades", wounding four peacekeepers.[17][20] Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia intended to look into the legitimacy of the use of force by UN peacekeepers. The position of the Russian government was that any foreign interference would only lead to increasing violence.[21]

On 9 April, pro-Gbagbo forces were reported to have fired on the Golf Hotel, where Ouattara was located.[22] The attackers reportedly used both sniper rifles and mortars; in response, UN peacekeepers fired on them.[22] The following day, United Nations and French forces carried out further air strikes against Gbagbo's remaining heavy weapons, using Mi-24 and Aérospatiale Gazelle attack helicopters. The attack was reported to have caused heavy damage to the presidential palace.[23]

On 11 April, UN forces stormed Gbagbo's residence and arrested him. The final assault was assisted by French forces using helicopters and armoured vehicles, although the actual capture was made by Ouattara's troops. Gbagbo, his wife, son and about 50 members of his entourage were captured unharmed and were taken to the Golf Hotel, Ouattara's headquarters, where they were placed under United Nations guard.[24][25][26]

Casualties

Up until 31 December 2016, a total of 143 UN peacekeeping troops had died.[27]

On 8 June 2012, seven Niger soldiers, eight locals and one or two Ivorian soldiers were killed in an attack near the village of Taï in the southwestern region of the country. As a result of the attack, thousands of villagers fled from the area.[28] The deaths were suspected to have occurred as a result of a border-crossing ambush by a Liberian militia.[29] Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon said he was "saddened and outraged" by the deaths. Ban urged the Ivorian government to "identify the perpetrators and hold them accountable."[30] Ivorian Defense minister Paul Koffi Koffi said that soldiers "must go to the other side of the border to establish a security zone."[31] Liberian Information Minister Lewis Brown said that president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf had ordered the immediate deployment of forces to the border in response to the attack.[32]

Forces

On 30 April 2012 the force comprised 10,954 total uniformed personnel, including 9,404 troops, 200 military observers, 1,350 police, 400 international civilian personnel, 758 local staff and 290 United Nations Volunteers. The force commander was Major-General Hafiz Masroor Ahmed from Pakistan. The police commissioner was Major-General Jean Marie Bourry from France.

On 31 March 2017 the mission comprised 17 uniformed personnel, including 7 troops and 10 police as well as 689 civilian personnel.

Force commanders

Sexual abuse allegations

In July 2007, the UN suspended a Moroccan contingent from UNOCI in order to investigate allegations of widespread sexual abuse of Ivorian civilians by peacekeepers.[35] In September 2011, 16 Beninese peacekeepers, including ten commanders, were barred from UN service following an investigation into allegations that they had traded food for sex with minors in Toulépleu.[36] A UN spokesman said that UN staff in Ivory Coast were accused of sexual abuse on 42 occasions between 2007 and mid-2011, and that sixteen of those cases allegedly involved minors.[36]

References

  1. ^ "UNOCI's disengagement from Côte d'Ivoire is taking place in strict accordance with UN rules and regulations". United Nations Peacekeeping. 16 June 2016.
  2. ^ Shaban, Abdur Rahman Alfa (30 June 2017). "U.N. wraps up 13-year peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast". Africa News.
  3. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 2284. S/RES/2284(2016) 28 April 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  4. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 1528. S/RES/1528(2004) page 2. 27 February 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
  5. ^ Novosseloff, Alexandra (2018). "The Many Lives of a Peacekeeping Mission: The UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire" (PDF). International Peace Institute.
  6. ^ . Alertnet. Reuters Foundation. 6 February 2006. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006.
  7. ^ "UN extends mandate of troops in Ivory Coast". Independent Online. South Africa. 11 January 2007. from the original on 5 June 2011.
  8. ^ . AFP. 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011.
  9. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 1782. S/RES/1782(2007) 29 October 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
  10. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 1880. S/RES/1880(2009) (2009) Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  11. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 1924. S/RES/1924(2010) (2010) Retrieved 1 June 2010.
  12. ^ "UN urges recognition of Ouattara as Ivory Coast leader". BBC News. 20 December 2010.
  13. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 2000. S/RES/2000(2011) 27 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Ivorian party quits peace process". BBC News. 17 January 2006.
  15. ^ "Thousands flee Ivory Coast for Liberia amid poll crisis". BBC News. 26 December 2010.
  16. ^ Coulibaly, Loucoumane & Cocks, Tim (31 March 2011). "Heavy fighting after Ouattara troops reach Abidjan". Reuters.
  17. ^ a b Nossiter, Adam (4 April 2011). "UN and France Strike Leader's Forces in Ivory Coast". The New York Times.
  18. ^ John, Mark & Aboa, Ange (4 April 2011). . Alertnet. Reuters Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011.
  19. ^ Laing, Aislinn (5 April 2011). "Ivory Coast: UN fire rockets at Laurent Gbagbo's palace". The Daily Telegraph.
  20. ^ a b c . BBC News. 4 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  21. ^ Isakova, Yelizaveta (5 April 2011). . Voice of Russia. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  22. ^ a b "Ivory Coast: Gbagbo troops 'hit' Ouattara hotel HQ". BBC News. 9 April 2011. from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  23. ^ Laing, Aislinn (10 April 2011). "Ivory Coast: UN and French helicopter gunships attack Laurent Gbagbo residence". The Daily Telegraph.
  24. ^ Lynch, Colum & Branigin, William (11 April 2011). "Ivory Coast strongman arrested after French forces intervene". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  25. ^ "Ivory Coast's Laurent Gbagbo arrested". BBC News. 11 April 2011.
  26. ^ "Ivory Coast standoff ends with strongman's capture". Deseret News. Associated Press. 12 April 2011.
  27. ^ (PDF). United Nations. 31 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  28. ^ "Thousands flee after deadly raids". The Courier-Mail. Agence France-Presse. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  29. ^ Humphrey, Shawn (10 June 2012). "U.N. Peacekeepers, Local Ivorians Killed by Suspected Liberians". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  30. ^ "Ivory Coast ambush: Seven UN peacekeepers killed". BBC News. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  31. ^ Bavier, Joe (9 June 2012). "Attack on U.N. came from Liberia, Ivory Coast says". Reuters. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  32. ^ Paye-Layleh, Jonathan (9 June 2012). . HuffPost. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  33. ^ "Secretary-General Appoints Major General Hafiz Masroor Ahmed of Pakistan". United Nations. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  34. ^ "Secretary-General Appoints Major General Didier L'Hôte of France Force Commander for United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire". United Nations. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  35. ^ Murphy, Peter (21 July 2007). "U.N. suspends Moroccan contingent in Ivory Coast". Reuters. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  36. ^ a b Martin, Guy (6 September 2011). "United Nations bars 16 peacekeepers from Benin following Ivory Coast sex abuse claims". DefenceWeb. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

External links

  • . United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 November 2005.
  • Plett, Barbara (7 April 2011). "Did UN forces take sides in Ivory Coast?". BBC News.

united, nations, operation, côte, ivoire, unoci, french, opération, nations, unies, côte, ivoire, unoci, nato, peacekeeping, mission, ivory, coast, côte, ivoire, whose, objective, facilitate, implementation, ivorian, parties, peace, agreement, signed, them, ja. The United Nations Operation in Cote d Ivoire UNOCI French Operation des Nations Unies en Cote d Ivoire UNOCI was a UN NATO peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast Cote d Ivoire whose objective was to facilitate the implementation by the Ivorian parties of the peace agreement signed by them in January 2003 which aimed to end the Ivorian Civil War The two main Ivorian parties were the Ivorian Government forces who controlled the south of the country and the New Forces former rebels who controlled the north The UNOCI mission aimed to control a zone of confidence across the centre of the country separating the two parties The Head of Mission and Special Representative of the Secretary General was Aichatou Mindaoudou Souleymane from Niger She succeeded Bert Koenders from the Netherlands in 2013 who himself succeeded Choi Young jin from South Korea in 2011 The mission officially ended on 30 June 2017 1 2 Operation in Cote d IvoireAbbreviationUNOCIFormation4 April 2004TypePeacekeeping missionLegal statusAccomplishedHeadquartersAbidjan Cote d IvoireHeadAichatou MindaoudouParent organizationUnited Nations Security CouncilWebsitehttps onuci unmissions org enThe approved budget for the period July 2016 June 2017 was 153 046 000 The last UN Security Council Resolution was 2284 2016 3 Contents 1 Mandate 2 History 3 Casualties 4 Forces 4 1 Force commanders 5 Sexual abuse allegations 6 References 7 External linksMandate EditOn 27 February 2004 during the First Ivorian Civil War the United Nations UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1528 which authorized UNOCI to take over from the UN Mission in Cote d Ivoire MINUCI French Mission des Nations unies en Cote d Ivoire an existing political mission to Ivory Coast 4 It had an initial authorised strength of 6 240 uniformed personnel and was expanded by Resolution 1609 on 24 June 2005 and Resolution 1682 on 2 June 2006 5 In February 2006 following an appeal by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan the Security Council agreed to strengthen the UNOCI forces by sending a battalion from United Nations Mission in Liberia with 800 soldiers to Ivory Coast 6 As of November 2006 the mission consisted of about 8 000 uniformed soldiers from a total of 41 countries They have included from the Bangladeshi Army 56th and 57th Battalions East Bengal Regiment They were deployed alongside 4 000 French soldiers of the Operation Licorne intervention 7 On 29 July 2008 the day before UNOCI s mandate was set to expire the UN Security Council unanimously voted to extend its mandate to 31 January 2009 so that the peacekeepers could support the organization of free open fair and transparent elections A presidential election was planned for 2009 after numerous delays arising from postwar issues 8 UNOCI s mandate was subsequently extended several times including on 31 October 2008 9 31 January 2010 10 27 May 2010 11 20 December 2010 12 and most recently on 27 July 2011 13 History EditThis article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2016 In January 2006 supporters of President Laurent Gbagbo attacked the base of the United Nations peacekeepers after the Ivorian Popular Front withdrew from the Ivorian Civil War peace process About 1 000 protesters invaded the UN base at Guiglo 14 In the aftermath of the 2010 presidential election incumbent president Gbagbo said UNOCI troops should leave the country However the UN refused to do so upon which Gbagbo s aides then said UN troops would be treated as rebels should they stay in the country where they are protecting the internationally recognised though domestically disputed winner of the election 15 On 30 March United Nations Security Council Resolution 1975 was issued which in particular urged all Ivorian parties to respect the will of the people and the election of Alassane Ouattara as President of Ivory Coast as recognised by the Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS the African Union and the rest of the international community and reiterated that UNOCI could use all necessary measures in its mandate to protect civilians under imminent threat of attack Heavy fighting broke out on 31 March 2011 as forces of Alassane Ouattara advanced on Abidjan from several directions The United Nations peacekeepers took control of Abidjan s airport when Gbagbo s forces abandoned it and United Nations forces were also reported to be carrying out protective security operations in the city The UN peacekeeping mission said its headquarters were fired on by Gbabgo s special forces on 31 March and returned fire in an exchange lasting about three hours UN convoys have also come under attack by Gbagbo loyalists four times since 31 March with three peacekeepers injured in one of the attacks The peacekeepers had exchanged fire with Gbagbo loyalists in several parts of the city 16 On 4 April 2011 UN and French helicopters also began firing on pro Gbagbo military installations a French military spokesman said the attacks were aimed at heavy artillery and armoured vehicles 17 Eyewitnesses reported seeing two UN Mi 24P attack helicopters firing missiles at the Akouedo military camp in Abidjan 18 UN helicopters were flown by Ukrainian Ground Forces crews seconded to the United Nations 19 The attacks sparked protests by a Gbagbo spokesperson who said that such actions were illegal illegitimate and unacceptable 20 UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon defended the actions however saying that the UN mission has taken this action in self defence and to protect civilians 20 He noted that Gbagbo s forces had fired on United Nations patrols and attacked the organization s headquarters in Abidjan with heavy caliber sniper fire as well as mortars and rocket propelled grenades wounding four peacekeepers 17 20 Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia intended to look into the legitimacy of the use of force by UN peacekeepers The position of the Russian government was that any foreign interference would only lead to increasing violence 21 On 9 April pro Gbagbo forces were reported to have fired on the Golf Hotel where Ouattara was located 22 The attackers reportedly used both sniper rifles and mortars in response UN peacekeepers fired on them 22 The following day United Nations and French forces carried out further air strikes against Gbagbo s remaining heavy weapons using Mi 24 and Aerospatiale Gazelle attack helicopters The attack was reported to have caused heavy damage to the presidential palace 23 On 11 April UN forces stormed Gbagbo s residence and arrested him The final assault was assisted by French forces using helicopters and armoured vehicles although the actual capture was made by Ouattara s troops Gbagbo his wife son and about 50 members of his entourage were captured unharmed and were taken to the Golf Hotel Ouattara s headquarters where they were placed under United Nations guard 24 25 26 Casualties EditUp until 31 December 2016 a total of 143 UN peacekeeping troops had died 27 On 8 June 2012 seven Niger soldiers eight locals and one or two Ivorian soldiers were killed in an attack near the village of Tai in the southwestern region of the country As a result of the attack thousands of villagers fled from the area 28 The deaths were suspected to have occurred as a result of a border crossing ambush by a Liberian militia 29 Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki moon said he was saddened and outraged by the deaths Ban urged the Ivorian government to identify the perpetrators and hold them accountable 30 Ivorian Defense minister Paul Koffi Koffi said that soldiers must go to the other side of the border to establish a security zone 31 Liberian Information Minister Lewis Brown said that president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf had ordered the immediate deployment of forces to the border in response to the attack 32 Forces EditOn 30 April 2012 the force comprised 10 954 total uniformed personnel including 9 404 troops 200 military observers 1 350 police 400 international civilian personnel 758 local staff and 290 United Nations Volunteers The force commander was Major General Hafiz Masroor Ahmed from Pakistan The police commissioner was Major General Jean Marie Bourry from France On 31 March 2017 the mission comprised 17 uniformed personnel including 7 troops and 10 police as well as 689 civilian personnel Force commanders Edit Abdoulaye Fall Senegal April 2004 April 2006 Fernand Marcel Amoussou Benin April 2006 March 2010 Abdul Hafiz Bangladesh April 2010 March 2011 Gnakoude Berena Togo March 2011 May 2012 Muhammad Iqbal Asi Pakistan May 2012 19 May 2014 Hafiz Masroor Ahmed Pakistan 19 May 2014 30 June 2015 33 Didier L Hote France 1 July 2015 30 June 2017 34 Sexual abuse allegations EditIn July 2007 the UN suspended a Moroccan contingent from UNOCI in order to investigate allegations of widespread sexual abuse of Ivorian civilians by peacekeepers 35 In September 2011 16 Beninese peacekeepers including ten commanders were barred from UN service following an investigation into allegations that they had traded food for sex with minors in Toulepleu 36 A UN spokesman said that UN staff in Ivory Coast were accused of sexual abuse on 42 occasions between 2007 and mid 2011 and that sixteen of those cases allegedly involved minors 36 References Edit UNOCI s disengagement from Cote d Ivoire is taking place in strict accordance with UN rules and regulations United Nations Peacekeeping 16 June 2016 Shaban Abdur Rahman Alfa 30 June 2017 U N wraps up 13 year peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast Africa News United Nations Security Council Resolution 2284 S RES 2284 2016 28 April 2016 Retrieved 10 July 2022 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1528 S RES 1528 2004 page 2 27 February 2004 Retrieved 23 October 2007 Novosseloff Alexandra 2018 The Many Lives of a Peacekeeping Mission The UN Operation in Cote d Ivoire PDF International Peace Institute Cote D Ivoire Security Council bolsters troubled peacekeeping force Alertnet Reuters Foundation 6 February 2006 Archived from the original on 14 February 2006 UN extends mandate of troops in Ivory Coast Independent Online South Africa 11 January 2007 Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 UN French troops to stay in ICoast till January to help stage polls AFP 29 July 2008 Archived from the original on 20 May 2011 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1782 S RES 1782 2007 29 October 2007 Retrieved 30 October 2007 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1880 S RES 1880 2009 2009 Retrieved 17 August 2009 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1924 S RES 1924 2010 2010 Retrieved 1 June 2010 UN urges recognition of Ouattara as Ivory Coast leader BBC News 20 December 2010 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2000 S RES 2000 2011 27 July 2011 Retrieved 10 July 2022 Ivorian party quits peace process BBC News 17 January 2006 Thousands flee Ivory Coast for Liberia amid poll crisis BBC News 26 December 2010 Coulibaly Loucoumane amp Cocks Tim 31 March 2011 Heavy fighting after Ouattara troops reach Abidjan Reuters a b Nossiter Adam 4 April 2011 UN and France Strike Leader s Forces in Ivory Coast The New York Times John Mark amp Aboa Ange 4 April 2011 Battle rages in Ivory Coast UN fires on Gbagbo bases Alertnet Reuters Foundation Archived from the original on 6 April 2011 Laing Aislinn 5 April 2011 Ivory Coast UN fire rockets at Laurent Gbagbo s palace The Daily Telegraph a b c Ivory Coast UN forces fire on pro Gbagbo camp BBC News 4 April 2011 Archived from the original on 5 April 2011 Retrieved 4 April 2011 Isakova Yelizaveta 5 April 2011 Russia to inquire into Cote d Ivoire crisis Voice of Russia Archived from the original on 8 April 2011 Retrieved 7 April 2011 a b Ivory Coast Gbagbo troops hit Ouattara hotel HQ BBC News 9 April 2011 Archived from the original on 10 April 2011 Retrieved 9 April 2011 Laing Aislinn 10 April 2011 Ivory Coast UN and French helicopter gunships attack Laurent Gbagbo residence The Daily Telegraph Lynch Colum amp Branigin William 11 April 2011 Ivory Coast strongman arrested after French forces intervene The Washington Post Retrieved 11 April 2011 Ivory Coast s Laurent Gbagbo arrested BBC News 11 April 2011 Ivory Coast standoff ends with strongman s capture Deseret News Associated Press 12 April 2011 UN Peacekeeping Operations Fact Sheet PDF United Nations 31 December 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 9 February 2017 Retrieved 15 May 2017 Thousands flee after deadly raids The Courier Mail Agence France Presse 10 June 2012 Retrieved 11 June 2012 Humphrey Shawn 10 June 2012 U N Peacekeepers Local Ivorians Killed by Suspected Liberians Yahoo News Archived from the original on 10 February 2013 Retrieved 11 June 2012 Ivory Coast ambush Seven UN peacekeepers killed BBC News 8 June 2012 Retrieved 11 June 2012 Bavier Joe 9 June 2012 Attack on U N came from Liberia Ivory Coast says Reuters Retrieved 11 June 2012 Paye Layleh Jonathan 9 June 2012 Ivory Coast Attacks 7 U N Peacekeepers Killed in Ambush HuffPost Associated Press Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 11 June 2012 Secretary General Appoints Major General Hafiz Masroor Ahmed of Pakistan United Nations 19 May 2014 Retrieved 26 May 2014 Secretary General Appoints Major General Didier L Hote of France Force Commander for United Nations Operation in Cote d Ivoire United Nations 8 June 2015 Retrieved 22 November 2016 Murphy Peter 21 July 2007 U N suspends Moroccan contingent in Ivory Coast Reuters Retrieved 2 October 2022 a b Martin Guy 6 September 2011 United Nations bars 16 peacekeepers from Benin following Ivory Coast sex abuse claims DefenceWeb Retrieved 2 October 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Nations Operation in Cote d Ivoire UNOCI United Nations Archived from the original on 12 November 2005 Plett Barbara 7 April 2011 Did UN forces take sides in Ivory Coast BBC News Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United Nations Operation in Cote d 27Ivoire amp oldid 1119988698, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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