^Was previously a parliamentary republic between 1971 and 1975.
^Estonia was previously a parliamentary republic from 1918 until 1938, when a new constitution with a more presidential system was adopted; the country was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940-41 (and again in 1944-91) .
^Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008 ISBN9780719078538), he quotes Nousiainen, Jaakko (June 2001). "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (2): 95–109. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00048. as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire. Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The 2012 constitution reduced the powers of the president even further.
^Latvia was previously a parliamentary republic between 1921 and 1934 when the then prime minister Kārlis Ulmanis took power in a coup d'état. In June 1940 Latvia was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union.
unitary, parliamentary, republic, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, possibly, contains, original, research, please, improve, verifying, cla. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Unitary parliamentary republic news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A unitary parliamentary republic is a unitary state with a republican form of government in which the political power is vested in and entrusted to the parliament with confidence clarification needed by its electorate further explanation needed Contents 1 List of unitary parliamentary republics 2 See also 3 Notes 4 ReferencesList of unitary parliamentary republics editCountry Formerly Parliamentary republic adopted Head of state elected by Cameral structure nbsp Albania One party state 1 1991 Parliament by majority 1 Unicameral nbsp Armenia Semi presidential republic 2018 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Bangladesh Presidential republic 1991 note 1 Parliament Unicameral nbsp Barbados Constitutional monarchy 2021 Parliament by two thirds majority if there is no joint nomination Bicameral nbsp Botswana British protectorate Bechuanaland Protectorate 1966 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Bulgaria One party state 1989 Direct election by second round system Unicameral nbsp Croatia Semi presidential republic 2000 Direct election by second round system Unicameral nbsp Czech Republic One party state part of Czechoslovakia 1989 Direct election by second round system since 2013 previously parliament by majority Bicameral nbsp Dominica Associated state of the United Kingdom 1978 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Estonia Occupied by the Soviet Union one party state 1918 note 2 Parliament by two thirds majority Unicameral nbsp Fiji Military dictatorship 2014 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Finland Semi presidential republic 2000 note 3 Direct election by second round system Unicameral nbsp Greece Military dictatorship Constitutional monarchy 1975 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Hungary One party state 1990 Parliament by absolute majority Unicameral nbsp Iceland Formerly part of Denmark Constitutional monarchy 1944 Direct election by first past the post Unicameral nbsp Ireland Constitutional Monarchy British Dominion 1949 note 4 Direct election by instant runoff vote Bicameral nbsp Israel British Protectorate 1948 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Italy Constitutional monarchy 1946 Parliament by absolute majority Bicameral nbsp Kiribati Protectorate 1979 Direct election by first past the post vote Unicameral nbsp Latvia One party state part of Soviet Union 1991 note 5 Parliament Unicameral nbsp Lebanon Protectorate French mandate of Lebanon 1941 Parliament Unicameral nbsp North Macedonia One party state part of the Yugoslavia 1991 Direct election by second round system Unicameral nbsp Malta Constitutional monarchy 1974 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Marshall Islands UN Trust Territory part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 1979 Parliament Bicameral nbsp Mauritius Constitutional monarchy 1992 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Moldova Semi presidential republic 2001 Parliament by three fifths majority Unicameral nbsp Montenegro One party state Part of Yugoslavia and after Serbia and Montenegro 1992 Direct election by second round system Unicameral nbsp Nauru Australian Trust Territory 1968 Parliament Unicameral nbsp San Marino Autocracy part of the Roman Empire 301 Parliament Unicameral nbsp Serbia One party state part of Yugoslavia 1991 Direct election by second round system Unicameral nbsp Singapore Constitutional monarchy part of Malaysia 1965 Direct election since 1993 Unicameral nbsp Slovakia One party state part of Czechoslovakia 1989 Direct election by second round system since 1999 previously by parliament Unicameral nbsp Slovenia One party state part of Yugoslavia 1991 Direct election by second round system Bicameral nbsp South Africa Constitutional monarchy 1961 Parliament by majority Bicameral nbsp Suriname Military dictatorship 1987 Parliament by majority Unicameral nbsp Republic of China Taiwan One party military dictatorship 1946 note 6 Electoral college directly elected by the electorate Tricameral nbsp Trinidad and Tobago Constitutional monarchy 1976 Parliament Bicameral nbsp Vanuatu British French condominium New Hebrides 1980 Parliament and regional council presidents by majority UnicameralSee also editFederal parliamentary republicNotes edit Was previously a parliamentary republic between 1971 and 1975 Estonia was previously a parliamentary republic from 1918 until 1938 when a new constitution with a more presidential system was adopted the country was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 41 and again in 1944 91 Formerly a semi presidential republic it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University In his Scandinavian Politics Today Manchester University Press revised 2008 ISBN 9780719078538 he quotes Nousiainen Jaakko June 2001 From semi presidentialism to parliamentary government political and constitutional developments in Finland Scandinavian Political Studies 24 2 95 109 doi 10 1111 1467 9477 00048 as follows There are hardly any grounds for the epithet semi presidential Arter s own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament Elgie 2004 317 According to the Finnish Constitution the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire Finland is actually represented by its prime minister and not by its president in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union The 2012 constitution reduced the powers of the president even further Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949 Latvia was previously a parliamentary republic between 1921 and 1934 when the then prime minister Karlis Ulmanis took power in a coup d etat In June 1940 Latvia was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China was passed on May 1 1991 effectively transforming into a semi presidential system The Republic of China government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 50 to the Chinese Communist Party retreating to the island of Taiwan which became a de facto one party state from 1949 to 1987 References edit a b 1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA osce org pp 1 3 Portal nbsp politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Unitary parliamentary republic amp oldid 1188919573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
