Uncle Remus
Uncle Remus is the fictional title character and narrator of a collection of African American folktales compiled and adapted by Joel Chandler Harris and published in book form in 1881. Harris was a journalist in post–Reconstruction era Atlanta, and he produced seven Uncle Remus books. He did so by introducing tales that he had heard and framing them in the plantation context. He wrote his stories in a dialect which was his interpretation of the Deep South African-American language of the time. For these framing and stylistic choices, Harris's collection has garnered controversy since its publication.[1] Many of these stories are believed to have Creek Indian influence too.[citation needed]
| Uncle Remus | |
|---|---|
| First appearance | Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings: The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation |
| Created by | Joel Chandler Harris |
| Portrayed by | James Baskett (Song of the South) |
| Voiced by | Dallas McKennon (record releases) |
| In-universe information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Nationality | American |
Structure edit
Uncle Remus is a collection of animal stories, songs, and oral folklore collected from southern black Americans. Many of the stories are didactic, much like those of Aesop's Fables and Jean de La Fontaine's stories. Uncle Remus is a kindly old freedman who serves as a story-telling device, passing on the folktales to children gathered around him, like the traditional African griot.
The stories are written in an eye dialect devised by Harris to represent a Deep South Black dialect. Uncle Remus is a compilation of Br'er Rabbit storytellers whom Harris had encountered during his time at the Turnwold Plantation. Harris said that the use of the Black dialect was an effort to add to the effect of the stories and to allow the stories to retain their authenticity.[2] The genre of stories is the trickster tale. At the time of Harris's publication, his work was praised for its ability to capture plantation Black dialect.[3]
Br'er Rabbit ("Brother Rabbit") is the main character of the stories, a character prone to tricks and troublemaking, who is often opposed by Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear. In one tale, Br'er Fox constructs a doll out of a lump of tar and puts clothing on it. When Br'er Rabbit comes along, he addresses the "tar baby" amiably but receives no response. Br'er Rabbit becomes offended by what he perceives as the tar baby's lack of manners, punches it and kicks it and becomes stuck.[4]
Related works edit
Harris compiled six volumes of Uncle Remus stories between 1881 and 1907; a further three books were published posthumously, following his death in 1908.[citation needed]
- Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings (1881)
- Nights with Uncle Remus (1883)
- Uncle Remus and His Friends (1892)
- The Tar Baby and Other Rhymes of Uncle Remus (1904)
- Told by Uncle Remus: New Stories of the Old Plantation (1905)
- Uncle Remus and Brer Rabbit (1907)
- Uncle Remus and the Little Boy (1910)
- Uncle Remus Returns (1918)
- Seven Tales of Uncle Remus (1948)
Adaptations in film and other media edit
Comics edit
In 1902, artist Jean Mohr adapted the Uncle Remus stories into a two-page comic story titled Ole Br'er Rabbit for The North American.[5]
The McClure Newspaper Syndicate released a Br'er Rabbit Sunday strip drawn by J. M. Condé from June 24 to October 7, 1906.[6]
An Uncle Remus and His Tales of Br'er Rabbit newspaper Sundays-only strip (King Features Syndicate) ran from October 14, 1945, through December 31, 1972, as an offshoot of the Disney comics strip Silly Symphony.[7]
Films and TV edit
Films
- Walt Disney's Song of the South (1946), a live action/animated musical drama with James Baskett as Remus[8] Baskett won an Academy Award for his performance.
- Ralph Bakshi's film Coonskin (1975), a satire of the Disney film which adapts and mocks the Uncle Remus stories in a contemporary Harlem setting
- The Adventures of Brer Rabbit (2006) from Universal Animation Studios, a modern adaptation of the stories featuring the voice of Nick Cannon as the title character
TV
- Rémusz bácsi meséi (1967) from Magyar Televízió, a Hungarian 13 episode television series.
- Jänis Vemmelsäären seikkailut (1987–1988) from Yle, an eight-part Finnish television series that aired on Yle TV2, as a part of the children's show Pikku Kakkonen.
- Brer Rabbit Tales (1991), a 47-minute television film written and directed by Al Guest and Jean Mathieson for Emerald City Productions.
- Brer Rabbit's Christmas Carol (1992) from Island Animation and Magic Shadows, a 58-minute sequel to the earlier film from the same writer-director staff retreading the plot of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol with the Remus characters.
Music edit
Uncle Remus appears heavily as a supporting character in the Residents' rock opera, Not Available, recorded in 1974 and released in 1978. After returning from Easter Island, he provides unhelpful, dismissive advice to the lead character, quoting "Well, strangers have left on longer trains before", in response to his cries for help and understanding.
"Uncle Remus" is a song by Frank Zappa and George Duke from Zappa's 1974 album Apostrophe (').[9]
In Bob Dylan's epic poem "Last Thoughts on Woody Guthrie", the author lists several people that are commonly looked to for hope and inspiration, saying "that stuff ain't real". In one verse of the poem, he says "And Uncle Remus can't tell you and neither can Santa Claus."[10][11]
In the song "Good Ole Boys Like Me" Uncle Remus is said to have "put me to bed".
Influence edit
Uncle Remus has been claimed as a major influence on Beatrix Potter.[12]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Montenyohl, Eric (1986). "The Origins of Uncle Remus". Folklore Forum. 18 (2): 136–167. hdl:2022/1941.
- ^ Jim, Korkis (2012). Who's afraid of the Song of the South? : and other forbidden Disney stories. Norman, Floyd. Orlando, Fla.: Theme Park Press. ISBN 978-0984341559. OCLC 823179800.
- ^ Clemens, Samuel L. (1883). "Chapter XLVII: 'Uncle Remus' and Mr. Cable". Life on the Mississippi.
- ^ "Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings". Project Gutenberg. 2000-08-01. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^ Becattini, Alberto (2019). "Genesis and Early Development". American Funny Animal Comics in the 20th Century: Volume One. Seattle, Washington: Theme Park Press. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1683901860.
- ^ Holtz, Allan (2012). American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780472117567.
- ^ . Hogan's Alley. No. 16. 2009. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
- ^ Brasch, Walter M. (2000). Brer Rabbit, Uncle Remus and the "Cornfield Journalist": The Tale of Joel Chandler Harris. Mercer University Press. p. 275.
- ^ Lowe, Kelly Fisher (2007). The Words and Music of Frank Zappa. Bison Books. p. 112. ISBN 978-0803260054.
- ^ "Last Thoughts On Woody Guthrie - The Official Bob Dylan Site".
- ^ "Not Available - Historical - The Residents". www.residents.com. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
- ^ "Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit story originated in African folktales, expert argues". The Guardian. 2023-05-19. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
Bibliography edit
- . Eaton Literary Festival. Eatonton, Georgia. Archived from the original on 2017-10-29. Retrieved 2008-06-01. Short biography of Joel Chandler Harris with photograph
- Roosevelt, Theodore. "Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919). An Autobiography. 1913 (Boyhood and Youth)". References in Theodore Roosevelt's autobiography to Brer Rabbit and Uncle Remus.
- "William Ruhlmann". AllMusic.
External links edit
- Full text of books by Uncle Remus from Project Gutenberg
- Official Uncle Remus Museum in Eatonton, GA
- Official Site of Uncle Remus
- Uncle Remus public domain audiobook at LibriVox
- Uncle Remus tales in Ukrainian translation