The television animation divisions of Universal and DreamWorks merged on August 23, 2016 after Universal completed its acquisition of DreamWorks Animation, who began producing a majority of Universal Pictures' family friendly TV shows.[6]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2021)
Universal Animation Studios was established in 1990 as Universal Cartoon Studios, the animation division of MCA Inc.[7] It was originally a subsidiary of Universal Family Entertainment, which was headed by Jeff Segal.[8] Its debut work was Back to the Future: The Animated Series, which was announced on March 22, 1991, and premiered on CBS on September 14 the same year.[9][10]
In 1996, the two groups Universal Family Entertainment and its subsidiary Universal Cartoon Studios were absorbed into MCA Television Entertainment.[11]
In 2005, Universal Cartoon Studios was absorbed into Universal Studios Family Productions, and later on, it was renamed to Universal Animation Studios.[12][13]
1:The date reflects the first appearance of Woody Woodpecker in a production from Universal Cartoon Studios rather than the date when the character was originally created in 1940 by Walter Lantz.
Escape from Jurassic Park,[22] an animated TV series that takes place after the first Jurassic Park film, was confirmed to be in development and awaiting Steven Spielberg's approval in June 1993.[23] The series would have centered on John Hammond's attempts to finish Jurassic Park and open it to the public, while InGen's corporate rival Biosyn is simultaneously planning to open their own dinosaur theme park in Brazil, which ultimately ends with their dinosaurs escaping into the jungles.[24][25][26] Artist William Stout was hired to work on the series and subsequently made a trailer to demonstrate how the series would look, and how it would combine traditional animation with computer animation. The series required Spielberg's final approval before it could go into production. However, Spielberg had grown tired of the massive promotion and merchandise revolving around the film, and never watched the trailer.[27] On July 13, 1993, Margaret Loesch, president of the Fox Children's Network, confirmed that discussions had been held with Spielberg about an animated version of the film. Loesch also said, "At least for now and in the foreseeable future, there will not be an animated Jurassic Park. That's Steven Spielberg's decision, and we respect that decision."[28]
A pair of traditionally animated cutscenes were produced for the 1996 video game Crash Bandicoot to serve as the game's intro and outro, as well as act as source material for a potential animated series if the game was well-received and commercially successful. The hand-drawn cutscenes were dropped after Sony Computer Entertainment picked up Crash Bandicoot for publication, as Sony desired to push the PlayStation's 3D polygonal graphics. The cutscenes were uploaded to YouTube by producer David Siller in 2015.[29][30]
Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect, an animated television series based on The Lost World: Jurassic Park, was confirmed to be in development within the third part of a four-part comic adaptation of the film published by Topps Comics in July 1997.[31][32] In November 1997, it was reported that the cartoon would be accompanied by Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect, a series of dinosaur toys produced by Kenner and based on a premise that scientists had created dinosaur hybrids consisting of DNA from different creatures.[33][34] That month, it was also reported that the cartoon could be ready by March 1998, as a mid-season replacement.[33] The Chaos Effect toyline was released in June 1998,[34] but the animated series was never produced, for unknown reasons.[35]
^"Registration Certificate". United States Patent and Trademark Office. October 6, 1992. Retrieved September 25, 2014. First use 4-5-1991, in commerce 4-5-1991.
^"Animation Production Companies". June 8, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2020 – via Backstage.com.
^Motion Picture Almanac. June 6, 2008. ISBN9780900610806. Retrieved May 12, 2020 – via Google Books.
^"2017 Studio List" (PDF). August 29, 2017. (PDF) from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020 – via Animationguild.org.
^"Fisher gets expanded role at MCA" (PDF). Broadcasting. 1996-04-22. (PDF) from the original on 2021-09-25. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
^Gallo, Scott Hettrick,Eliza; Hettrick, Scott; Gallo, Eliza (2005-03-07). "U homevid units in family way". Variety. Retrieved 2023-10-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Universal Home Ent. Family Prods. Ups Patti Jackson and Ellen Cockrill". Animation World Network. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
^Slatter, Sean (2021-09-12). "Universal 1440 Entertainment's 'Woody Woodpecker' sequel filming in Victoria". IF Magazine. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
^"Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle". Universal Studios Entertainment. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
^"Rawr: Reba's Voice Will Be In The Next Land Before Time Movie". US99.5. August 18, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
^Milligan, Kaitlin (July 24, 2019). "Curious George Royal Monkey arrives on DVD, Digital 9/10". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
^White, Peter (2020-09-03). "'Curious George: Go West, Go Wild' Film Heads To Peacock As Part Of Kids' Slate". Deadline. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
^Nash, Anthony (2021-09-30). "Exclusive Curious George: Cape Ahoy Clip From Peacock's Animated Film". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
^Oscars (7 July 2015). "Short Film Winners: 1991 Oscars" – via YouTube.
^"The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man (1999) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
^Pugh, Chris (June 1, 2016). "Escape from Jurassic Park – 1993 animated series detailed". JurassicOutpost.com. from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
^"'Jurassic' series?". The San Bernardino Sun. June 17, 1993. from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
^Squires, John (December 6, 2016). "Art and Story Details from Cancelled 'Jurassic Park' Animated Series Finally Surface". Bloody Disgusting. from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
^Scott, Ryan (December 6, 2016). "Canceled Jurassic Park Animated Series Full Season Details Revealed". MovieWeb. from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
^Pugh, Chris (December 5, 2016). "The Entire First Season of the Cancelled Jurassic Park Television Series Revealed (Exclusive)". Jurassic Outpost. from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
^Stout, William (April 26, 2014). "My Top Ten Favorite Dinosaur Films – Part One". WilliamStout.com. from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
^Duffy, Mike (July 15, 1993). "Dinosaur TV 'toons are extinct for now". The Indianapolis Star. from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
^Fahey, Mike (July 19, 2015). "Crash Bandicoot Could Have Had These Sweet Animated Cutscenes". Kotaku. Gawker Media. from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
^Good, Owen S. (July 19, 2015). "Long-lost Crash Bandicoot animation was for the game first, a cartoon series second". Polygon. Vox Media. from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
^Finkelstein, Dan (July 20, 1997). . Dan's The Lost World Page. Archived from the original on June 3, 2000.
^Finkelstein, Dan (July 22, 1997). . Dan's The Lost World Page. Archived from the original on June 3, 2000.
^ abFinkelstein, Dan (November 11, 1997). . Dan's The Lost World Page. Archived from the original on September 9, 1999.
^ ab"Chaos Effect". JPToys.com. from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
^"Interview With Tim Bradley". JPToys.com. March 1, 2008. from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
October 23, 2023
universal, animation, studios, formerly, known, universal, cartoon, studios, american, animation, studio, division, universal, pictures, which, subsidiary, nbcuniversal, which, owned, comcast, produced, direct, video, sequels, universal, released, feature, fil. Universal Animation Studios LLC 5 formerly known as Universal Cartoon Studios is an American animation studio and a division of Universal Pictures which is a subsidiary of NBCUniversal which is owned by Comcast It has produced direct to video sequels to Universal released feature films such as The Land Before Time An American Tail Balto and Curious George as well as other films and television series Universal Animation Studios LLCFormerlyUniversal Cartoon Studios 1990 2005 TypeDivisionIndustryAnimationPredecessorWalter Lantz ProductionsFounded1990 33 years ago 1990 1 Headquarters111 Universal Hollywood Drive Universal City California U S 2 3 1000 Flower Street Glendale California U S 4 Number of locations2ProductsAnimated filmsAnimated television showsOwnerNBCUniversal Comcast ParentUniversal PicturesThe actual animation production is done overseas usually by either Wang Film Productions or Rough Draft Studios while pre production and post production is United States based The television animation divisions of Universal and DreamWorks merged on August 23 2016 after Universal completed its acquisition of DreamWorks Animation who began producing a majority of Universal Pictures family friendly TV shows 6 Contents 1 History 2 Franchises 3 Filmography 3 1 Feature films 3 1 1 Theatrical feature films 3 1 2 Direct to video streaming feature films 3 1 2 1 Children s feature films 3 1 2 2 Adult animated short films 3 2 Short films 3 3 Television series 3 4 Television specials 3 5 Miscellaneous work 3 6 Cancelled projects 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2021 Universal Animation Studios was established in 1990 as Universal Cartoon Studios the animation division of MCA Inc 7 It was originally a subsidiary of Universal Family Entertainment which was headed by Jeff Segal 8 Its debut work was Back to the Future The Animated Series which was announced on March 22 1991 and premiered on CBS on September 14 the same year 9 10 In 1996 the two groups Universal Family Entertainment and its subsidiary Universal Cartoon Studios were absorbed into MCA Television Entertainment 11 In 2005 Universal Cartoon Studios was absorbed into Universal Studios Family Productions and later on it was renamed to Universal Animation Studios 12 13 Franchises EditThis is not including the original films of Charlotte s Web An American Tail The Land Before Time and Balto made by either Hanna Barbera Productions Sullivan Bluth Studios or Amblimation Titles Release dates Movies TV SeasonsWoody Woodpecker 1991 present 1 6An American Tail 1986 1999 4 1The Land Before Time 1988 2016 14 2Balto 1995 2004 3 0Alvin and the Chipmunks 1999 2000 2 0Charlotte s Web 2003 1 0Curious George 2006 present 6 151 The date reflects the first appearance of Woody Woodpecker in a production from Universal Cartoon Studios rather than the date when the character was originally created in 1940 by Walter Lantz Filmography EditFeature films Edit Theatrical feature films Edit Title Release date Director Writer s Producer s Co production withStory Screenplay1 Curious George February 10 2006 2006 02 10 Matthew O Callaghan Ken KaufmanMike Werb Ken Kaufman Ron HowardDavid KirschnerJon Shapiro Imagine Entertainment2 Woody Woodpecker R October 5 2017 2017 10 05 Alex Zamm William RobertsonAlex ZammDaniel AltiereSteven Altiere William RobertsonAlex Zamm Mike Elliott Universal 1440 Entertainment3 Untitled Woody Woodpecker sequel 14 TBA Jon Rosenbaum TBA TBA Jon KuyperR Not released theatrically in the United StatesDirect to video streaming feature films Edit Children s feature films Edit Title Release date Co production withas Universal Cartoon Studios1 The Land Before Time II The Great Valley Adventure December 13 1994 1994 12 13 N A2 The Land Before Time III The Time of the Great Giving December 12 1995 1995 12 12 3 The Land Before Time IV Journey Through the Mists December 10 1996 1996 12 10 4 The Land Before Time V The Mysterious Island December 9 1997 1997 12 09 5 Hercules and Xena The Animated Movie The Battle for Mount Olympus January 6 1998 1998 01 06 Renaissance Pictures6 The Land Before Time VI The Secret of Saurus Rock December 1 1998 1998 12 01 N A7 Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein September 28 1999 1999 09 28 Bagdasarian Productions LLC 8 An American Tail The Treasure of Manhattan Island February 15 2000 2000 02 15 N A9 An American Tail The Mystery of the Night Monster July 25 2000 2000 07 25 10 Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman August 29 2000 2000 08 29 Bagdasarian Productions LLC 11 The Land Before Time VII The Stone of Cold Fire December 5 2000 2000 12 05 N A12 The Land Before Time VIII The Big Freeze December 4 2001 2001 12 04 13 Balto II Wolf Quest February 19 2002 2002 02 19 14 The Land Before Time IX Journey to Big Water December 10 2002 2002 12 10 15 Charlotte s Web 2 Wilbur s Great Adventure March 18 2003 2003 03 18 Paramount PicturesNickelodeon Animation Studio16 The Land Before Time X The Great Longneck Migration December 2 2003 2003 12 02 N A17 Balto III Wings of Change September 30 2004 2004 09 30 18 The Land Before Time XI Invasion of the Tinysauruses January 11 2005 2005 01 11 19 The Adventures of Brer Rabbit March 21 2006 2006 03 21 as Universal Animation Studios20 The Land Before Time XII The Great Day of the Flyers February 27 2007 2007 02 27 N A21 The Land Before Time XIII The Wisdom of Friends November 27 2007 2007 11 27 22 Curious George 2 Follow That Monkey R July 10 2009 2009 07 10 Imagine Entertainment23 The Little Engine That Could March 22 2011 2011 03 22 Crest Animation Productions24 Curious George 3 Back to the Jungle 15 June 23 2015 2015 06 23 Imagine EntertainmentUniversal 1440 Entertainment25 The Land Before Time XIV Journey of the Brave 16 February 2 2016 February 2 2016 Universal 1440 Entertainment26 Mariah Carey s All I Want for Christmas Is You November 14 2017 2017 11 14 Universal 1440 EntertainmentSplash EntertainmentTelegaelMagic Carpet Productions27 Curious George Royal Monkey 17 September 10 2019 2019 09 10 Imagine EntertainmentUniversal 1440 Entertainment28 Curious George Go West Go Wild P 18 September 8 202029 Bobbleheads The Movie December 8 2020 Threshold Animation StudiosUniversal 1440 Entertainment30 Curious George Cape Ahoy P 19 September 30 2021 Imagine EntertainmentUniversal 1440 EntertainmentAdult animated short films Edit Title Release date Co production withas Universal Cartoon Studios1 Van Helsing The London Assignment A May 11 2004 2004 05 11 N A2 The Chronicles of Riddick Dark Fury A June 15 2004 2004 06 15 P Released on Peacock A Adult animated production Short films Edit Fractured Fairy Tales The Phox the Box amp the Lox 1999 theatrical release Television series Edit Title Creator s Developer s Original run Network Co production withas Universal Cartoon Studios1 Back to the Future Robert ZemeckisBob Gale 1991 1992 CBS Amblin TelevisionZaloom Mayfield ProductionsBIG Pictures2 Shelley Duvall s Bedtime Stories Shelley Duvall 1992 1993 Showtime Think Entertainment3 Fievel s American Tails David Kirschner 1992 CBS Amblin TelevisionNelvana4 Exosquad Jeff SegalEric LewaldMichael Edens 1993 1994 Syndication N A5 Problem Child Scott AlexanderLarry Karaszewski USA Network D Ocon Films Productions season 1 Lacewood Productions season 2 6 Monster Force Marv Wolfman 1994 Syndication Lacewood Productions7 Beethoven N A 1994 1995 CBS Northern Lights Entertainment8 Earthworm Jim Doug TenNapelDoug Langdale 1995 1996 Kids WB Shiny Entertainment9 The Savage Dragon Dean StefanBob Forward USA Network Lacewood Productions season 1 Studio B Productions season 2 P3 EntertainmentUSA Studios10 The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper Sherri StonerDeanna Oliver 1996 1998 Fox Kids Amblin TelevisionHarveytoons11 Wing Commander Academy Michael EdensMark Edens 1996 USA Network N A12 Vor Tech Undercover Conversion Squad N A Syndication Edition Dupuis France S A MediatoonLacewood Productions13 The New Woody Woodpecker Show Bob JacquesKelly Armstrong 1999 2002 Fox Kids N A14 The Mummy The Animated Series Thomas PugsleyGreg Klein 2001 2003 Kids WB Studios USA Television season 1 The Sommers Companyas Universal Animation Studios16 Curious George Joe Fallon 2006 2022 PBS Kids 2006 2022 Family Jr 2018 2020 Peacock 2020 2022 Imagine Entertainment seasons 1 9 14 15 WGBH Boston seasons 1 12 Universal 1440 Entertainment seasons 10 15 17 The Land Before Time Ford Riley 2007 2008 Cartoon Network Amblin Entertainment18 Woody Woodpecker Alex Zamm 2018 2022 YouTube Universal Pictures InternationalUniversal 1440 EntertainmentSplash EntertainmentTelevision specials Edit Title Release date Network Co production withas Universal Cartoon Studios1 A Wish for Wings That Work December 18 1991 December 18 1991 CBS Amblin Televisionas Universal Animation Studios2 Curious George A Very Monkey Christmas November 25 2009 November 25 2009 PBS Kids Imagine EntertainmentWGBH Boston3 Curious George Swings Into Spring April 22 2013 April 22 2013 4 Curious George A Halloween Boo Fest October 28 2013 October 28 2013 5 How Murray Saved Christmas December 5 2014 December 5 2014 NBC Universal TelevisionMiscellaneous work Edit 63rd Academy Awards 1991 animation for Woody Woodpecker presenting the award for Best Animated Short Film 20 Kids WB promos Earthworm Jim segments The Amazing Adventures of Spider Man 1999 traditionally animated introduction 21 Dudley Do Right s RipSaw Falls 1999 traditionally animated queue video Cancelled projects Edit Escape from Jurassic Park 22 an animated TV series that takes place after the first Jurassic Park film was confirmed to be in development and awaiting Steven Spielberg s approval in June 1993 23 The series would have centered on John Hammond s attempts to finish Jurassic Park and open it to the public while InGen s corporate rival Biosyn is simultaneously planning to open their own dinosaur theme park in Brazil which ultimately ends with their dinosaurs escaping into the jungles 24 25 26 Artist William Stout was hired to work on the series and subsequently made a trailer to demonstrate how the series would look and how it would combine traditional animation with computer animation The series required Spielberg s final approval before it could go into production However Spielberg had grown tired of the massive promotion and merchandise revolving around the film and never watched the trailer 27 On July 13 1993 Margaret Loesch president of the Fox Children s Network confirmed that discussions had been held with Spielberg about an animated version of the film Loesch also said At least for now and in the foreseeable future there will not be an animated Jurassic Park That s Steven Spielberg s decision and we respect that decision 28 A pair of traditionally animated cutscenes were produced for the 1996 video game Crash Bandicoot to serve as the game s intro and outro as well as act as source material for a potential animated series if the game was well received and commercially successful The hand drawn cutscenes were dropped after Sony Computer Entertainment picked up Crash Bandicoot for publication as Sony desired to push the PlayStation s 3D polygonal graphics The cutscenes were uploaded to YouTube by producer David Siller in 2015 29 30 Jurassic Park Chaos Effect an animated television series based on The Lost World Jurassic Park was confirmed to be in development within the third part of a four part comic adaptation of the film published by Topps Comics in July 1997 31 32 In November 1997 it was reported that the cartoon would be accompanied by Jurassic Park Chaos Effect a series of dinosaur toys produced by Kenner and based on a premise that scientists had created dinosaur hybrids consisting of DNA from different creatures 33 34 That month it was also reported that the cartoon could be ready by March 1998 as a mid season replacement 33 The Chaos Effect toyline was released in June 1998 34 but the animated series was never produced for unknown reasons 35 See also EditIllumination DreamWorks Animation DreamWorks Animation Television List of Universal Pictures theatrical animated feature films List of unproduced Universal Pictures animated projects List of animation studios owned by Comcast NBCUniversalReferences Edit Registration Certificate United States Patent and Trademark Office October 6 1992 Retrieved September 25 2014 First use 4 5 1991 in commerce 4 5 1991 Animation Production Companies June 8 2009 Retrieved May 12 2020 via Backstage com Motion Picture Almanac June 6 2008 ISBN 9780900610806 Retrieved May 12 2020 via Google Books 2017 Studio List PDF August 29 2017 Archived PDF from the original on June 25 2021 Retrieved May 12 2020 via Animationguild org Universal Animation Studios LLC OpenCorporates 2002 04 12 Retrieved 2023 09 03 Rainey James 23 August 2016 NBCUniversal Sets New DreamWorks Animation Chain of Command Orlando theme park features characters The Orlando Sentinel Orlando Florida July 19 1991 p 35 Retrieved July 6 2021 Universal opens new toon town PDF Broadcasting May 27 1991 p 39 Retrieved October 12 2023 Future Has a Future The Los Angeles Times Los Angeles March 22 1991 p 480 Retrieved July 6 2021 Boyar Jay September 6 1991 Short Subjects The Orlando Sentinel Orlando Florida p 68 Retrieved July 6 2021 Fisher gets expanded role at MCA PDF Broadcasting 1996 04 22 Archived PDF from the original on 2021 09 25 Retrieved 2021 09 25 Gallo Scott Hettrick Eliza Hettrick Scott Gallo Eliza 2005 03 07 U homevid units in family way Variety Retrieved 2023 10 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Universal Home Ent Family Prods Ups Patti Jackson and Ellen Cockrill Animation World Network Retrieved 2023 10 12 Slatter Sean 2021 09 12 Universal 1440 Entertainment s Woody Woodpecker sequel filming in Victoria IF Magazine Retrieved 2023 08 15 Curious George 3 Back to the Jungle Universal Studios Entertainment Retrieved March 30 2015 Rawr Reba s Voice Will Be In The Next Land Before Time Movie US99 5 August 18 2015 Retrieved November 21 2015 Milligan Kaitlin July 24 2019 Curious George Royal Monkey arrives on DVD Digital 9 10 BroadwayWorld com Retrieved January 13 2022 White Peter 2020 09 03 Curious George Go West Go Wild Film Heads To Peacock As Part Of Kids Slate Deadline Retrieved 2020 09 03 Nash Anthony 2021 09 30 Exclusive Curious George Cape Ahoy Clip From Peacock s Animated Film Comingsoon net Retrieved 2021 09 30 Oscars 7 July 2015 Short Film Winners 1991 Oscars via YouTube The Amazing Adventures of Spider Man 1999 IMDb via www imdb com Pugh Chris June 1 2016 Escape from Jurassic Park 1993 animated series detailed JurassicOutpost com Archived from the original on July 6 2016 Retrieved July 3 2016 Jurassic series The San Bernardino Sun June 17 1993 Archived from the original on December 20 2016 Retrieved December 20 2016 Squires John December 6 2016 Art and Story Details from Cancelled Jurassic Park Animated Series Finally Surface Bloody Disgusting Archived from the original on December 8 2016 Retrieved December 6 2016 Scott Ryan December 6 2016 Canceled Jurassic Park Animated Series Full Season Details Revealed MovieWeb Archived from the original on December 8 2016 Retrieved December 6 2016 Pugh Chris December 5 2016 The Entire First Season of the Cancelled Jurassic Park Television Series Revealed Exclusive Jurassic Outpost Archived from the original on December 7 2016 Retrieved December 6 2016 Stout William April 26 2014 My Top Ten Favorite Dinosaur Films Part One WilliamStout com Archived from the original on November 6 2015 Retrieved June 25 2015 Duffy Mike July 15 1993 Dinosaur TV toons are extinct for now The Indianapolis Star Archived from the original on December 20 2016 Retrieved December 20 2016 Fahey Mike July 19 2015 Crash Bandicoot Could Have Had These Sweet Animated Cutscenes Kotaku Gawker Media Archived from the original on July 21 2015 Retrieved April 15 2021 Good Owen S July 19 2015 Long lost Crash Bandicoot animation was for the game first a cartoon series second Polygon Vox Media Archived from the original on July 21 2015 Retrieved April 15 2021 Finkelstein Dan July 20 1997 What s New Dan s The Lost World Page Archived from the original on June 3 2000 Finkelstein Dan July 22 1997 What s New Dan s The Lost World Page Archived from the original on June 3 2000 a b Finkelstein Dan November 11 1997 Chaos Effect Dan s The Lost World Page Archived from the original on September 9 1999 a b Chaos Effect JPToys com Archived from the original on June 26 2015 Retrieved June 25 2015 Interview With Tim Bradley JPToys com March 1 2008 Archived from the original on June 26 2015 Retrieved June 25 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Universal Animation Studios amp oldid 1179844933, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
