Typha angustifolia L. (also lesser bulrush,[3]narrowleaf cattail[4] or lesser reedmace) is a perennialherbaceous plant of genusTypha. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in fresh water or brackish locations.[5]
The plant's leaves are flat, very narrow (¼"–½" wide), and 3'–6' tall when mature; 12–16 leaves arise from each vegetative shoot. At maturity, they have distinctive stalks that are about as tall as the leaves; the stalks are topped with brown, fluffy, sausage-shaped flowering heads. The plants have sturdy, rhizomatous roots that can extend 27" and are typically ¾"–1½" in diameter.[6][7]
Distributionedit
Typha angustifolia, habitus
It has been proposed that the species was introduced from Europe to North America.[8] In North America, it is also thought to have been introduced from coastal to inland locations.[9] It is widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, growing in marshes, wetlands, and along the edges of ponds and lakes.
The geographic range of Typha angustifolia overlaps with the very similar species Typha latifolia (broadleaf or common cattail). T. angustifolia can be distinguished from T. latifolia by its narrower leaves and by a clear separation of two different regions (staminate flowers above and pistilate flowers below) on the flowering heads.[6] The species hybridize as Typha x glauca (Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia) (white cattail); Typha x glauca is not a distinct species, but is rather a sterile F1 hybrid.[10] Broadleaf cattail is usually found in shallower water than narrowleaf cattail.[citation needed]
Other countries: Typha angustifolia is considered invasive in many countries outside its native range. It can outcompete native vegetation, leading to changes in wetland ecosystems and impacting biodiversity.
Southeast Asia (SEA): In Southeast Asia, Typha angustifolia is also known to exhibit invasive behavior in certain regions, especially where wetland habitats are present.
Thailand: In Thailand, Typha angustifolia is recognized as an invasive species in some areas, particularly in wetlands and waterways where it can form dense stands and alter local ecosystems.
Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots.[11][12] It can be prepared in the same way as Typha latifolia.[13] The edible stem is called bồn bồn in Vietnam.photo
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Typha angustifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
^ abRook, Earl J. S. (26 February 2004). "Typha angustifolia: Narrow Leaf Cattail". Retrieved 13 September 2008.
^"PLANTS Profile for Typha angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail)". U. S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
^Stuckey, R. L.; Salamon, D. P. (1987). "Typha angustifolia in North America: masquerading as a native". Am. J. Bot. 74: 757.
^Mills, Edward L.; Leach, Joseph H.; Carlton, James T.; Secor, Carol L. (1993). "Exotic Species in the Great Lakes: A History of Biotic Crises and Anthropogenic Introductions" (PDF). Journal of Great Lakes Research. 19 (1): 1–54. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71197-1. Retrieved 21 October 2013. The distributional history of the narrow-leaved cattail, a brackish water species native to the Atlantic coast, is debatable. The plant is thought to have invaded inland slowly with the early canal, railroad, and highway systems. It began a rapid inland expansion in through Central New York in the first half of the 20th Century when the de-icing of highways using salt became more widespread. The link is to a preprint of the published article; see p. 46.
^Selbo, Sarena M.; Snow, Allison A. (2004). "The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland" (PDF). Aquatic Botany. 78 (4): 361–369. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.01.003. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
^Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 69–70. ISBN978-1-4027-6715-9.
^"Typha angustifolia - Small reed mace". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
^Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 69. ISBN978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typha angustifolia.
Typha angustifolia Photos, drawings, description from Nature Manitoba
January 01, 1970
typha, angustifolia, also, lesser, bulrush, narrowleaf, cattail, lesser, reedmace, perennial, herbaceous, plant, genus, typha, this, cattail, obligate, wetland, species, that, commonly, found, northern, hemisphere, fresh, water, brackish, locations, narrowleaf. Typha angustifolia L also lesser bulrush 3 narrowleaf cattail 4 or lesser reedmace is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus Typha This cattail is an obligate wetland species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in fresh water or brackish locations 5 Narrowleaf cattail Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Clade Commelinids Order Poales Family Typhaceae Genus Typha Species T angustifolia Binomial name Typha angustifoliaL 2 Synonyms 2 Synonyms list Massula angustifolia L DulacTypha angustifolia var calumetensis PeattieTypha angustifolia var elatior Boenn NymanTypha angustifolia var elongata WiegandTypha angustifolia f foveolata Pobed MavrodievTypha angustifolia f inaequalis Kronf Typha angustifolia var longispicata PeckTypha angustifolia f submersa GluckTypha elatiorBoenn Typha foveolata Pobed Typha glauca Seg Vianna Illegitimate Typha gracilis Rchb Illegitimate Typha latifolia var minor AmbrosiTypha media C C Gmel Typha minor CurtisTypha pontica Klok fil amp A Krasnova Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Current status of invasiveness 4 Culinary use 5 References 6 External linksDescription editThe plant s leaves are flat very narrow wide and 3 6 tall when mature 12 16 leaves arise from each vegetative shoot At maturity they have distinctive stalks that are about as tall as the leaves the stalks are topped with brown fluffy sausage shaped flowering heads The plants have sturdy rhizomatous roots that can extend 27 and are typically 1 in diameter 6 7 Distribution edit nbsp Typha angustifolia habitus It has been proposed that the species was introduced from Europe to North America 8 In North America it is also thought to have been introduced from coastal to inland locations 9 It is widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions growing in marshes wetlands and along the edges of ponds and lakes The geographic range of Typha angustifolia overlaps with the very similar species Typha latifolia broadleaf or common cattail T angustifolia can be distinguished from T latifolia by its narrower leaves and by a clear separation of two different regions staminate flowers above and pistilate flowers below on the flowering heads 6 The species hybridize as Typha x glauca Typha angustifolia x T latifolia white cattail Typha x glauca is not a distinct species but is rather a sterile F1 hybrid 10 Broadleaf cattail is usually found in shallower water than narrowleaf cattail citation needed Current status of invasiveness editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message Other countries Typha angustifolia is considered invasive in many countries outside its native range It can outcompete native vegetation leading to changes in wetland ecosystems and impacting biodiversity Southeast Asia SEA In Southeast Asia Typha angustifolia is also known to exhibit invasive behavior in certain regions especially where wetland habitats are present Thailand In Thailand Typha angustifolia is recognized as an invasive species in some areas particularly in wetlands and waterways where it can form dense stands and alter local ecosystems Culinary use editSee also Typha latifolia Uses Several parts of the plant are edible including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves the inner core of the stalk green bloom spikes ripe pollen and starchy roots 11 12 It can be prepared in the same way as Typha latifolia 13 The edible stem is called bồn bồn in Vietnam photoReferences edit Zhuang X 2011 Typha angustifolia IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T164199A5772487 Retrieved 18 February 2024 a b Typha angustifolia Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 18 February 2024 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 26 June 2015 Retrieved 17 October 2014 USDA NRCS n d Typha angustifolia The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 12 December 2015 Typha angustifolia narrow leaf cattail Global Biodiversity Information Facility Retrieved 16 March 2011 a b Rook Earl J S 26 February 2004 Typha angustifolia Narrow Leaf Cattail Retrieved 13 September 2008 PLANTS Profile for Typha angustifolia narrowleaf cattail U S Department of Agriculture Retrieved 13 September 2008 Stuckey R L Salamon D P 1987 Typha angustifolia in North America masquerading as a native Am J Bot 74 757 Mills Edward L Leach Joseph H Carlton James T Secor Carol L 1993 Exotic Species in the Great Lakes A History of Biotic Crises and Anthropogenic Introductions PDF Journal of Great Lakes Research 19 1 1 54 doi 10 1016 S0380 1330 93 71197 1 Retrieved 21 October 2013 The distributional history of the narrow leaved cattail a brackish water species native to the Atlantic coast is debatable The plant is thought to have invaded inland slowly with the early canal railroad and highway systems It began a rapid inland expansion in through Central New York in the first half of the 20th Century when the de icing of highways using salt became more widespread The link is to a preprint of the published article see p 46 Selbo Sarena M Snow Allison A 2004 The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland PDF Aquatic Botany 78 4 361 369 doi 10 1016 j aquabot 2004 01 003 Retrieved 21 October 2013 Elias Thomas S Dykeman Peter A 2009 1982 Edible Wild Plants New York NY Sterling Publishing Co Inc pp 69 70 ISBN 978 1 4027 6715 9 Typha angustifolia Small reed mace Plants for a Future Retrieved 16 March 2011 Elias Thomas S Dykeman Peter A 2009 1982 Edible Wild Plants A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods New York Sterling p 69 ISBN 978 1 4027 6715 9 OCLC 244766414 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typha angustifolia Typha angustifolia Photos drawings description from Nature Manitoba Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Typha angustifolia amp oldid 1216043533, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
