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Type 92 heavy machine gun

November 01, 2023

The Type 92 heavy machine gun (九二式重機関銃, Kyūni-shiki jū-kikanjū) was a Japanese heavy machine gun, related to the Hotchkiss machine gun series. It entered service in 1932 and was the standard Japanese heavy machine gun used during World War II. The Type 92 was similar in design to the earlier Type 3 heavy machine gun but chambered to fire the improved 7.7mm rimmed or semi-rimmed round. Known for its reliability,[2] it was used after the war by various forces in East Asia. Designed by Kijiro Nambu and built by Hino Motors and Hitachi, its total production was about 45,000 guns.[3] Type 92 refers to the Japanese Imperial year 2592 – 1932 in the Gregorian calendar – in which the gun entered service.[4]

Type 92
Type 92 Japanese machine gun on display
TypeHeavy machine gun
Place of originEmpire of Japan
Service history
In service1932–1950s
Used bySee Users
WarsSecond Sino-Japanese War
World War II
Hukbalahap Rebellion
First Indochina War
Indonesian National Revolution
Korean War
Chinese Civil War
Vietnam War
Production history
DesignerKijiro Nambu
Designed1932
Produced1932–41
No. built45,000
Specifications
Mass55.3 kg (122 lb) w/ tripod
Length1,156 mm (45.5 in)
Barrel length721 mm (28.4 in)
Cartridge7.7×58 mm Type 92
Caliber7.7 mm
ActionGas-operated
Rate of fire450–500 rounds per min[1]
Muzzle velocity780 m/s (2,600 ft/s)[1]
Effective firing range800 m (870 yd)
Maximum firing range4,500 m (4,900 yd) (7.7×58 mm Type 92)
Feed system30-round Hotchkiss-type metal strip

Design edit

The Type 92 was essentially a scaled-up version of the Type 3 heavy machine gun, with its calibre increased to 7.7 mm, and like the Type 3 was air cooled, ammo strip-fed, and based on the Hotchkiss M1914.[5] It could use both a rimless and semi-rimmed 7.7x58mm Shiki round.[6] A 7.7mm Arisaka round could be used if necessary or if other ammunition supplies dwindled.[4] Rounds fired from the gun traveled at about 730 m/s (2,400 ft/s), and the rate of fire was about 450 rpm. It was sometimes used as a light anti-aircraft gun during the Pacific War. It was nicknamed "the woodpecker" by Western Allied soldiers because of the characteristic sound it made when fired due to its relatively low rate of fire, and the "chicken neck" (Chinese: 雞脖子) by Chinese soldiers due to its appearance.[6] The Type 92 had a maximum range of 4,500 meters, but a practical range of 800 meters.

The gun was intended to be fired on a tripod with a team of three men. The unusual tripod was designed with removable carry poles, so that the weapon could be transported fully assembled for quicker deployment.[4]

An unusual characteristic of this gun was the placement of its iron sights – canted slightly to the right instead of centre. A number of different sights were produced for the weapon, the Type 93 and Type 94 periscopic sights as well as the Type 96 telescopic sight. A ring-type anti-aircraft sight was also produced.

Major problems with this weapon included the short feed strips, which did not allow for as high a volume of fire as a belt-fed gun, and the oiler, which enabled better extraction in clean conditions but could bring dirt inside the gun in the field. The gun has an internal oil pump which is mechanically activated by the bolt. The oil pump dispenses a small amount of oil onto a brush, which then lubricates each cartridge as it is fed into the gun.[7]

Combat history edit

The Type 92 was used extensively by the Imperial Japanese Army and collaborationist Chinese forces.[6] Captured weapons were also used by Chinese National Revolutionary Army troops against the Japanese during World War II,[citation needed] the Korean People's Army against the United Nations forces during the Korean War,[6] the Viet Minh against the CEFEO forces during the First Indochina War,[2] and the Indonesian Army against the Netherlands forces during the Indonesian National Revolution.[8]

Users edit

See also edit

Gallery edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. p. 513. ISBN 9780811715669.
  2. ^ a b Ezell, Edward Clinton (1988). Personal firepower. The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15. Bantam Books. pp. 47-49. ISBN 9780553345490. OCLC 1036801376.
  3. ^ "Ground Guns". JapaneseWeapons.net. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  4. ^ a b c . Nambu World. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  5. ^ Weapons: An International Encyclopedia from 5000 B.C. to 2000 A.D. St. Martin's Press. 1991. ISBN 0-312-03950-6.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Japanese 7.7mm Heavy Machine Gun Type 92". Korean War – Weapons & History. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  7. ^ "Type 92 Japanese HMG". Archived from the original on 2021-12-13 – via www.youtube.com.
  8. ^ a b Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Leiss, Amelia Catherine (30 June 1967). The Control of local conflict : a design study on arms control and limited war in the developing areas (PDF). Vol. 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for International Studies. p. 92. hdl:2027/uiug.30112064404368. (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2020.
  9. ^ a b c "Mukden Arsenal after WWII". wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. April 3, 2017.
  10. ^ Kinard, Jeff (9 April 2010). "Machine guns". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G., Jr. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Vol. 1. A-L (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-85109-849-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  11. ^ Jowett, Philip S. (2010). Rays of the rising sun : armed forces of Japan's Asian allies, 1931–45. Vol. 1, China & Manchukuo. Helion. p. 15. ISBN 9781906033781.
  12. ^ "The Dumaguete Chronicles (Part 2): Awesome Sights and Tastes". Flavors of Life. November 2, 2014.
  13. ^ "Cata-al World War II Museum". pinoyhelpdesk.com. August 21, 2017.
  14. ^ Christophe Dutrône (October 2009). "Le salaire de la peur: convois en Indochine". Batailles & Blindés Magazine (in French). No. 33. p. 15. ISSN 1765-0828.
  15. ^ "Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun". awm.gov.au. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  • Daugherty III, Leo J. (2002). Fighting Techniques of a Japanese Infantryman 1941–1945. ISBN 1-86227-162-3.
  • Nakanishi, Ritta (1998). Japanese Infantry Arms in World War II. Dainipponkaiga.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Type 92 heavy machine gun.
  • US Army technical manual TM-E 30–480 at hyperwar
  • "Shooting the Japanese Type 92 HMG in Arizona". Rob Rhodes (YouTube). 2009-04-22. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13.

November 01, 2023
type, heavy, machine, 九二式重機関銃, kyūni, shiki, kikanjū, japanese, heavy, machine, related, hotchkiss, machine, series, entered, service, 1932, standard, japanese, heavy, machine, used, during, world, type, similar, design, earlier, type, heavy, machine, chambere. The Type 92 heavy machine gun 九二式重機関銃 Kyuni shiki ju kikanju was a Japanese heavy machine gun related to the Hotchkiss machine gun series It entered service in 1932 and was the standard Japanese heavy machine gun used during World War II The Type 92 was similar in design to the earlier Type 3 heavy machine gun but chambered to fire the improved 7 7mm rimmed or semi rimmed round Known for its reliability 2 it was used after the war by various forces in East Asia Designed by Kijiro Nambu and built by Hino Motors and Hitachi its total production was about 45 000 guns 3 Type 92 refers to the Japanese Imperial year 2592 1932 in the Gregorian calendar in which the gun entered service 4 Type 92Type 92 Japanese machine gun on displayTypeHeavy machine gunPlace of originEmpire of JapanService historyIn service1932 1950sUsed bySee UsersWarsSecond Sino Japanese WarWorld War IIHukbalahap RebellionFirst Indochina WarIndonesian National RevolutionKorean WarChinese Civil WarVietnam WarProduction historyDesignerKijiro NambuDesigned1932Produced1932 41No built45 000SpecificationsMass55 3 kg 122 lb w tripodLength1 156 mm 45 5 in Barrel length721 mm 28 4 in Cartridge7 7 58 mm Type 92Caliber7 7 mmActionGas operatedRate of fire450 500 rounds per min 1 Muzzle velocity780 m s 2 600 ft s 1 Effective firing range800 m 870 yd Maximum firing range4 500 m 4 900 yd 7 7 58 mm Type 92 Feed system30 round Hotchkiss type metal strip Contents 1 Design 2 Combat history 3 Users 4 See also 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksDesign editThe Type 92 was essentially a scaled up version of the Type 3 heavy machine gun with its calibre increased to 7 7 mm and like the Type 3 was air cooled ammo strip fed and based on the Hotchkiss M1914 5 It could use both a rimless and semi rimmed 7 7x58mm Shiki round 6 A 7 7mm Arisaka round could be used if necessary or if other ammunition supplies dwindled 4 Rounds fired from the gun traveled at about 730 m s 2 400 ft s and the rate of fire was about 450 rpm It was sometimes used as a light anti aircraft gun during the Pacific War It was nicknamed the woodpecker by Western Allied soldiers because of the characteristic sound it made when fired due to its relatively low rate of fire and the chicken neck Chinese 雞脖子 by Chinese soldiers due to its appearance 6 The Type 92 had a maximum range of 4 500 meters but a practical range of 800 meters The gun was intended to be fired on a tripod with a team of three men The unusual tripod was designed with removable carry poles so that the weapon could be transported fully assembled for quicker deployment 4 An unusual characteristic of this gun was the placement of its iron sights canted slightly to the right instead of centre A number of different sights were produced for the weapon the Type 93 and Type 94 periscopic sights as well as the Type 96 telescopic sight A ring type anti aircraft sight was also produced Major problems with this weapon included the short feed strips which did not allow for as high a volume of fire as a belt fed gun and the oiler which enabled better extraction in clean conditions but could bring dirt inside the gun in the field The gun has an internal oil pump which is mechanically activated by the bolt The oil pump dispenses a small amount of oil onto a brush which then lubricates each cartridge as it is fed into the gun 7 Combat history editThe Type 92 was used extensively by the Imperial Japanese Army and collaborationist Chinese forces 6 Captured weapons were also used by Chinese National Revolutionary Army troops against the Japanese during World War II citation needed the Korean People s Army against the United Nations forces during the Korean War 6 the Viet Minh against the CEFEO forces during the First Indochina War 2 and the Indonesian Army against the Netherlands forces during the Indonesian National Revolution 8 Users edit nbsp Republic of China 9 nbsp People s Republic of China 9 nbsp Indonesia 8 nbsp Empire of Japan Used by the IJA and various collaborationist forces 6 nbsp North Korea 10 nbsp South Korea Used by police nbsp Manchukuo intended to replace the Type 3 heavy machine gun but not provided in sufficient numbers 11 nbsp Philippines 12 13 nbsp Taiwan 9 nbsp Viet Minh 14 and Viet Cong 15 See also editType 1 heavy machine gunGallery edit nbsp Type 92 heavy machine gun at the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo nbsp In use during Battle of Changsha 1941 nbsp Australian soldiers using a captured Type 92 machine gun nbsp A Japanese soldier aiming at a target through the telescopic sight of his Type 92 heavy machine gun during the Guadalcanal Campaign in 1942 nbsp Type 92 heavy machine gun at the National Memorial in Bangkok nbsp Type 92 machine gun on display at The National WWII Museum in New Orleans References edit a b Smith Joseph E 1969 Small Arms of the World 11 ed Harrisburg Pennsylvania The Stackpole Company p 513 ISBN 9780811715669 a b Ezell Edward Clinton 1988 Personal firepower The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15 Bantam Books pp 47 49 ISBN 9780553345490 OCLC 1036801376 Ground Guns JapaneseWeapons net Retrieved 2015 12 11 a b c Japanese Machine Guns Nambu World Archived from the original on October 20 2012 Retrieved 2015 12 11 Weapons An International Encyclopedia from 5000 B C to 2000 A D St Martin s Press 1991 ISBN 0 312 03950 6 a b c d e Japanese 7 7mm Heavy Machine Gun Type 92 Korean War Weapons amp History Retrieved 2015 12 11 Type 92 Japanese HMG Archived from the original on 2021 12 13 via www youtube com a b Bloomfield Lincoln P Leiss Amelia Catherine 30 June 1967 The Control of local conflict a design study on arms control and limited war in the developing areas PDF Vol 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for International Studies p 92 hdl 2027 uiug 30112064404368 Archived PDF from the original on August 4 2020 a b c Mukden Arsenal after WWII wwiiafterwwii wordpress com April 3 2017 Kinard Jeff 9 April 2010 Machine guns In Tucker Spencer C Pierpaoli Paul G Jr eds The Encyclopedia of the Korean War A Political Social and Military History Vol 1 A L 2nd ed ABC CLIO p 535 ISBN 978 1 85109 849 1 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names editors list link Jowett Philip S 2010 Rays of the rising sun armed forces of Japan s Asian allies 1931 45 Vol 1 China amp Manchukuo Helion p 15 ISBN 9781906033781 The Dumaguete Chronicles Part 2 Awesome Sights and Tastes Flavors of Life November 2 2014 Cata al World War II Museum pinoyhelpdesk com August 21 2017 Christophe Dutrone October 2009 Le salaire de la peur convois en Indochine Batailles amp Blindes Magazine in French No 33 p 15 ISSN 1765 0828 Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun awm gov au Australian War Memorial Retrieved 4 February 2019 Daugherty III Leo J 2002 Fighting Techniques of a Japanese Infantryman 1941 1945 ISBN 1 86227 162 3 Nakanishi Ritta 1998 Japanese Infantry Arms in World War II Dainipponkaiga External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Type 92 heavy machine gun US Army technical manual TM E 30 480 at hyperwar Shooting the Japanese Type 92 HMG in Arizona Rob Rhodes YouTube 2009 04 22 Archived from the original on 2021 12 13 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Type 92 heavy machine gun amp oldid 1161556798, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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