Gendarmerie General Command

The Gendarmerie General Command (Turkish: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national Gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey.

Gendarmerie General Command Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı
Emblem of the Gendarmerie General Command
Flag of the Gendarmerie General Commander
Agency overview
Formed	1839^[1]
Preceding agencies	Gendarmerie Organisation Ottoman Gendarmerie
Employees	387,735 sworn members (As of January 2020) including 80,000 to 90,000 Village guards.^[2] 1,475 Armored and utility vehicles 59 Helicopters ^[3]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction	Turkey
General nature	Gendarmerie
Operational structure
Headquarters	Ankara
Elected officer responsible	Süleyman Soylu, Minister of the Interior
Agency executives	General Arif Çetin, Commander Lt. General Ali Çardakçı, Deputy Commander Lt. General Musa Çitil, Deputy Commander Maj. General H.Zafer KOÇ, Deputy Commander
Parent agency	Ministry of the Interior, Turkish Armed Forces,^[4] (in war time until 2016)
Notables
Significant operations	Operation Attila Turkey-PKK Conflict Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War
Website
jandarma.gov.tr/

The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuq Empire.

History

 

Ottoman Gendarmerie Cavalry in Macedonia.

Ottoman era

Main article: Ottoman Gendarmerie

After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre, Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa, and, in 1834, Asâkir-i Redîfe were established for security and public order in Anatolia and in some provinces of Rumelia.^{[citation needed]}

 

British officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie, 1904

As the first use of the term Gendarmerie was in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the 1839 Edict of Gülhane, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, the date on which the name Asâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi was adopted, June 14, 1839, is usually considered the foundation date of the Turkish Gendarmerie.^[5]

After the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, Ottoman prime minister Mehmed Said Pasha decided to bring police officers from Britain and France to establish a modern law enforcement organization. The Gendarmerie was used to great effect after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, particularly in Rumelia. In 1909, the Gendarmerie was affiliated with the Ministry of War, and its name was changed to the Gendarmerie General Command (Ottoman Turkish: Umûm Jandarma Kumandanlığı).

Gendarmerie units continued their internal security duties as well as taking part in the conflict at various fronts as a part of the Armed Forces during World War I and the Turkish War of Independence.^{[citation needed]}

Republic of Turkey

20th century

 

A Turkish conscript gendarme on guard at Topkapı Palace in Istanbul

The Gendarmerie organization achieved its current legal status on June 10, 1930. In 1939, the Gendarmerie organization was restructured, having three groups: Fixed Gendarmerie Units, Mobile Gendarmerie Units, and Gendarmerie Training Units and Schools.^{[citation needed]}

In 1956, the Gendarmerie General Command was assigned the duties of protecting borders, coasts and territorial waters, and fighting smuggling, which had been previously carried out by the Gümrük Umum Kumandanlığı, under the Ministry of Customs and Monopoly. In 1957, Gendarmerie Border Units were transformed into brigades, and Gendarmerie Training Brigades were established.^{[citation needed]}

In 1961, Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established. In 1968, the first Gendarmerie Aviation Unit was established in Diyarbakır under the name of Light Helicopter Company Command.^{[citation needed]}

In 1974, Gendarmerie Commando Units and Gendarmerie Aviation Units took part in the Turkish military operations in Cyprus.^{[citation needed]}

In 1988, the duty of protecting the land borders and ensuring their security was assigned to the Land Forces Command, but Gendarmerie General Command still holds the responsibility for some parts of the Iranian and Syrian borders and the whole Iraqi border.^{[citation needed]}

The Gendarmerie Criminal Department was founded in Ankara in 1993 and from 1994, Gendarmerie Regional Criminal Laboratory Superiorities? were founded. Crime Scene Examination Teams, Explosive Material Disposal Units, Fingerprints and Palm Prints Branches and Crime Scene Examination Units were also established.^{[citation needed]}

21st century

In 2016, the Gendarmerie General Command was affiliated to the Ministry of Interior.^[6]

In 2018, Gendarmerie Special Operations participated in Operation Olive Branch, part of the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.^{[citation needed]} According to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights, Turkish Gendarmerie killed 500 Syrian civilians at the turkish-syrian border.^[7]

The Gendarmerie General Command currently has a total of 3,600 units, including 3,056 Internal Security Units, 218 Commando Units, 162 Prison Units, 160 Protection Units and four Aviation Units.^{[citation needed]}

Duties

The duties of the gendarmerie according to the Law No. 2803 on the Organization, Duties and Powers of the Gendarmerie; It is categorized under four main titles as judicial, military, civil and other duties.^[8]

Judicial duties

• Finding crimes and criminals,
• Capturing suspects,
• Transferring evidence judicial authorities,
• Conduct preparatory investigations when instructed to by the public prosecutor,
• Transporting prisoners between jails and courthouses.

Civil duties

• To ensure that the services for general safety and security are carried out in accordance with the relevant legislation,
• To carry out the services of informing the public about how to protect the society from public order crime, directing children and young people to crime and taking precautionary measures,
• To evaluate the information and statistics about public order crimes, to conduct or have an analysis of the crime and to determine the methods of combating crime to prevent public order crimes by evaluating them,
• Carrying out activities to prevent crime,
• Preventing, pursuing and investigating smuggling,
• External protection of penal institutions and detention centers.

Military duties

• To perform military services provided by law

Other duties

• These are duties other than judicial, military and civil duties, such as facility and personal protection and transport security, which must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, orders and decisions.

Structure

 

Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters

Commands

Gendarmerie General Command Headquarters (Ankara)

• Gendarmerie Security Corps Command (Van, Turkey)
  • 23. Gendarmerie Border Division (Şırnak)
  • 21. Gendarmerie Border Brigade (Yüksekova)
  • 1. Gendarmerie Commando Brigade (Çakırsöğüt, Şırnak)
  • 2. Gendarmerie Commando Brigade (Bornova, Izmir)
• Gendarmerie Training Command (Ankara, İncek, Gölbaşı)
  • 1. Gendarmerie Training Battalion Command (Aydın)
  • 2. Gendarmerie Training Battalion Command (Bilecik)
  • 3. Gendarmerie Training Battalion Command (Ezine, Çanakkale)
  • 5. Gendarmerie Training Regiment Command (Gölköy, Kastamonu)
  • 6. Gendarmerie Commando Training Regiment Command (Kırkağaç, Manisa)
  • 7. Gendarmerie Commando Training Regiment Command (Yenifoça, İzmir)
  • Gendarmerie Combat Training Battalion Command (Seferihisar, İzmir)
  • Gendarmerie Transport Battalion Command (Söğüt, Bilecik)
  • 10. Gendarmerie Training Regiment Command (Bornova, Izmir)
  • 116. Gendarmerie Private Training Regiment Command (Çanakkale)
  • 121. Gendarmerie Training Regiment Command (Serinyol, Antakya)
  • 125. Gendarmerie Training Regiment Command (Safranbolu, Karabük)
  • Işıklar Gendarmerie NCO High School (Bursa) ( was established in 1845 as "Mekteb-i Fünun-u İdadi"')
  • Gendarmerie Horse and Dog Training Center Command (Nevşehir) (JAKEM)
• Gendarmerie Logistics Command (Güvercinlik, Ankara)
• Gendarmerie Aviation Command (Güvercinlik, Ankara)
  • Gendarmerie UAV Command (Elazığ)
• Gendarmerie Special Public Security Command (JÖAK)
  • Gendarmerie Special Operations (JÖH)^[9]
  • Gendarmerie Search and Rescue Battalion Command (JAK)^[10]
  • Gendarmerie Underwater Search and Rescue Teams (SAK)^[11]
  • Gendarmerie Public Security Boat Commands (Security and public order services at inland waters are carried out by the Gendarmerie Public Order Boat Commands.)
• Village guards
• Prison Gendarmerie Division Commands (There are garrison stations appointed in every prison)
• The Gendarmerie Band Command^[12]

Criminal units

• Provincial Gendarmerie Commands in 81 provinces & in 388 districts.
  • The Crime Scene Investigation Teams (CSIT) (Working under the Provincial and District Gendarmerie Commands systematically examine the crime scene by means of technical and scientific methods; properly gather physical evidences; pack and send them to forensic laboratories.)
  • Explosive Ordnance Disposal Teams ( which have been established in tourism regions, regions with a concentration of terror incidents and big cities, dispose of explosive ordnances.)
  • Crime scene investigation units^[13]
  • Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime Department (ASOCD)^[14]

Other units

• Gendarmerie Traffic Teams
  • The Gendarmerie Motorcycled Public Order Teams (Round-the-clock at the highways established by the protocols in the responsibility areas of the Gendarmerie General Command.)
• Gendarmerie Dog Teams
• Gendarmerie Environmental Protection Teams (Environmental Protection Teams have been established in order to protect environment, ecological balance and natural life, to protect living species and areas protected by national legislation and international conventions and to prevent environmental pollution.)^[15]
• The Gendarmerie Mounted Units (Used in performing patrolling services at resort areas, forestlands, recreation spots and museums (Topkapı Palace), and in performing preventive law enforcement services.)^[16]

Ranks

Officers

NATO code	OF-10		OF-9		OF-8		OF-7		OF-6		OF-5		OF-4		OF-3		OF-2		OF-1						OF(D)						Student officer
Turkish Gendarmerie v t e																																	Various ^[a]
			Orgeneral		Korgeneral		Tümgeneral		Tuğgeneral		Albay		Yarbay		Binbaşı		Yüzbaşı		Üsteğmen		Teğmen				Asteğmen								Harbiyeli

Other Ranks

NATO code	OR-9						OR-8		OR-7		OR-6						OR-5						OR-4				OR-3		OR-2						OR-1
Turkish Gendarmerie^[17]^[18] v t e																							Uzman Jandarma VIII Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma VII Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma VI Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma V Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma IV Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma III Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma II Kademeli Çavuş Uzman Jandarma I Kademeli Çavuş		Uzman Çavuş IV Uzman Çavuş III Uzman Çavuş II Uzman Çavuş I
	Astsubay kıdemli başçavuş						Astsubay başçavuş		Astsubay kıdemli üstçavuş		Astsubay üstçavuş						Astsubay kıdemli çavuş			Astsubay çavuş							Uzman onbaşı

The Gendarmerie Museum

 

Museum

The Gendarmerie Museum is established in order to reflect the developments in periodical order beginning with the foundation of the Gendarmerie organization; to exhibit its activities, heroic deeds, services in the history; to protect all kinds of military cultural assets related to the Gendarmerie by collecting them and to transfer them to the future generations. The Gendarmerie Museum in the Beytepe Lieutenant General İsmail SELEN Quarters in Ankara and is open to public.^[19]

Equipment

Handguns

• Yavuz 16^[20]
• Glock 19^[21]
• SAR 9^[22]
• TP9^[23]
• K2000 Mega^[24]
• M1911^[25]
• Zigana T and F^[26]
• Beretta 92FS^[27]
• Browning Hi-Power^[28]
• Girsan Regard Compact^[29]
• Girsan Regard MC^[30]

Shotguns

• SPAS-12^[20]
• Sarsılmaz Cobra & Baba^[31]
• Armsan Armtac RS A2/A3^[32]

Submachine guns

• HK MP5^[20]
• P90^[33]
• SAR-109T^[34]
• Uzi^[35]

Assault and battle rifles

• AKM^[20]
• HK G3^[20]
• HK G41^[20]
• HK33A4^[20]
• M16A1^[20]
• M4A1^[36]
• MKEK MPT-76^[37]
• MKEK MPT-55^[38]
• Kale KCR-556 New primary rifle of Gendarmerie 43.500 Rifles delivered late 2019^[39]
• Kale KCR-762^[40]
• Kale KCR-739^[40]
• Galil MAR used by Turkish Gendarmarie commando's^[41][42]
• SAR 223P^[43]
• SAR 308 used by Village guards.

Machine guns

• HK23E^[20]
• RPK
• M249 SAW
• M2^[20]
• MG3^[20]
• PKM^[20]
• MAG 58^[44]
• SAR 762 MT^[45]
• Canik M2 QCB^[46]
• Type 80^[47]

Sniper rifles

• Arctic Warfare^[20]
• SVD^[20]
• Tac-50^[20]
• SR-25^[48]
• SR-15 Match^[49]
• HK G28^[50]
• Armalite M-15T^[51]
• IMI Galatz^[52]
• Accuracy International AWM^[53]
• LMT MWS 308^[54]
• MKEK JNG-90^[55]
• Robar RC-50^[56]
• MacMillan M87R^[57]
• PSL (rifle)^[56]
• KNT-76^[58]

Rocket and grenade launchers

• HK 69^[20]
• HK 79^[59]
• HK GLM^[60]
• M203^[61]
• Milkor MGL^[20]
• Mk 19^[62]
• RPG-7^[20] 7B^[63]
• AK-40GL^[64]
• Kale KGL40^[65]
• MKEK 40mm^[66]
• MKEK T40^[67]

Mortars

• M19^[20]
• M29^[20]
• Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1^[20]

Vehicles and Aerial vehicles

Model	Image	Origin	Type	Variant	Number	Details
Armored personnel carriers
Sisu Nasu		Finland	Tracked All-Terrain Vehicle	NA-140 BT	47
Kirpi		Turkey	MRAP	Kirpi Kirpi II^[68]	200 x	Based on the Israeli Hatehof Navigator.^[69]
Vuran^[70]		Turkey	MRAP	Vuran 4x4	Unknown	The Gendarmerie Special Public Security Commando entered the inventory of the Vuran armored vehicle with Mobile Adjustable Ramp System. ^[71]
Cobra		Turkey	MRAP/Infrantry mobility vehicle	Cobra I Cobra II^[70]	200 x	Its suspension / wheel base is based on the American HMMWV which led some to mistakenly claim that Turkey actually uses the HMMWV as one of its utility vehicles.^[72]
Nurol Ejder^[70]		Turkey	MRAP	Ejder Yalçın 4x4	Unknown
Otokar Akrep		Turkey	MRAP	Akrep I	unknown	Turkish Land Forces as new models enter the equipment slowly giving the old equipment to the gendarmerie.
BTR-60		Soviet Union/  Germany	Armored Personnel Carrier	BTR-60PB	323^[73]	Bought from ex-GDR stockpile after German unification.^[74] All modernized.
Condor		Germany	Armored Personnel Carrier	Condor 1	25^[73]
Dragoon		United States	Armored Personnel Carrier	Dragoon 300	150^[75]
Concealed Armored D-Max		Turkey	Armored Car	Pick-Up	x	4+1 passenger capacity
Community Incident Intervention Vehicle
TOMA^[70]		Turkey	Armored vehicle		Unknown
Aircraft
Beechcraft Super King Air^[76]^[77]		United States	Light transport aircraft	B350^[78]	Unknown	Used by Gendarmerie Aviation Command^[77]
Cessna C-680		United States	Light transport aircraft	C-680^[79]	Unknown	Used by Gendarmerie Aviation Command^[77]
Dornier Do 28		Germany	Transport	Do-28D	2^[80]
Helicopters
Sikorsky-S70 Black Hawk		United States/  Turkey	Utility helicopter	S-70A S-70i T70	28^[81]	Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.T-70 variant in use.
UH-1 Huey		United States/  Turkey	Utility helicopter	AB-205^[82]	13	Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK		Turkey	Attack helicopter	Faz I Faz II	13^[83]
Mil Mi-17		Russia/  Turkey	Utility helicopter	Mi-17 IVA	18	Avionics upgraded by ASELSAN.
Autogyro Cavalon		Germany	Reconnaissance		8(on order)	It was announced that the Gendarmerie had purchased 8 Gyrocopters from Germany. In the first stage, 3 gyrocopters will be put into service. In the agreement, the number of gyrocopters to be purchased will be up to 8.^[84]
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
TAI Anka		Turkey	UAV	Anka B Anka S	2^[85] 6^[86]	Elazig Gendarmerie UAV command^[87]^[88]
Bayraktar TB2		Turkey	UAV	TB2	18^[89]
Bayraktar Mini UAV		Turkey	UAV	C	unknown
Black Hornet Nano^[90]		Norway	Micro-UAV	PD-100 Black Hornet	unknown	Ma
UÇBEY VTOL^[91]		Turkey	VTOL UAV		unknown

Surface Combatant

Boat
Name	Origin	Type	Details
KN-35	Turkey	Security Boat	ASBOT KN-35 boats were designed and developed by ASFAT A.Ş. for the units belonging to the Gendarmerie General Command. The bot class, which was designed locally and nationally, was completed in 10 months and prototype production and tests were completed and put into mass production.^[92]

Gallery

•  

  Gendarmerie's Ford Transit and a trooper

•  

  Traffic gendarmerie's Renault Megane

•  

  Gendarmerie interceptor

•  

  Jandarma Barracks in Sivas built in 1908

•  

  Gendarmerie museum

•  

  BTR-80 in the gendarmerie inventory

•  

  Gendarme School emblem

•  

  Logo of Işıklar Gendarmerie NCO Vocational School

•  

  Gendarmerie Search and Rescue Battalion Command teams during Soma mine disaster

•  

  Işıklar Gendarmerie NCO Vocational School

•  

  Gendarmerie and Coast Guard Academy

•  

  Gendarmerie Martyrs' Memorial

•  

  The Kızılırmak Delta is guarded by the mounted gendarme team

•  

  Sikorsky S-70i helicopter of the Turkish Gendarmerie

See also

• List of General Commanders of the Gendarmerie of Turkey
• Constabulary
• Gendarmerie
• Military equipment of Turkey

Notes

1. Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.

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