After a tree has been cut and felled, the stump or tree stump is usually a small remaining portion of the trunk with the roots still in the ground. Stumps may show the age-defining rings of a tree. The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology.
Tree stump, about 37 years after fellingStump sculpture by German artist Eberhard Bosslet
Stumps (both those on the ground and stumps of removed branches) are sometimes able to regenerate into new trees depending on the species. Often, a deciduous tree that has been cut will re-sprout in multiple places around the edge of the stump or from the roots.[1] Depending on whether the tree is being removed or whether the forest is expected to recover, this can be either desirable or undesirable. Stump sprouts can grow very quickly and so become viable trees themselves either for aesthetics or timber, due to the existing root structure; however, the cut portion of the trunk may weaken the sprouts and introduce disease into the newly forming tree(s).[2]
A freshly cut tree stump, 2 hours after cuttingA saprobiontic young spruce on a stump
The process of deliberately cutting a tree to a stump to regrow is known as coppicing.[3]
Stump removaledit
Tree stumps can be difficult to remove from the ground. They can be dug out, pulled out by a chain, shredded with a stump grinder or burnt.[4]
A common method for stump removal is to use one of the many chemical stump removal products, so long as immediate results are not needed. These stump removers are mostly made of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and act by rapidly increasing the decay of the stump. (The chemical provides nitrogen, a limiting nutrient, to tree-decaying fungi. Other nitrogen fertilizers also work.)[5] After an average of 4–6 weeks, the stump will be rotten through and easily fragmented in manageable pieces. If time is a limiting factor, setting fire to the stump is effective because once the potassium nitrate has been absorbed it acts as an effective oxidizer.[citation needed]
Historically, an explosive called stumping powder was used to blast stumps.[6][7]
In plantation forests in parts of Europe, stumps are sometimes pulled out of the ground using a specially adapted tracked excavator, to supply wood fuel for biomass power stations. Stump harvesting may provide an increasing component of the woody material required by the biomass power sector.[8]
^ J. & Götmark, F. (2014) Differential survival and growth of stumps in 14 woody species after conservation thinning in mixed oak-rich temperate forests. European Journal of Forest Research, 1-11.
Schenk, H.J., and R.B. Jackson. 2002. The global biogeography of roots. Ecological Monographs72 (3): 311–328.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tree stumps.
Stump harvesting in Sweden
Regeneration after stump harvesting 2010-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
Stumps as a resource in Finland
Stump harvesting and forest decomposers 2009-08-09 at the Wayback Machine
Stump Removal Methods Comparison
February 15, 2024
tree, stump, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, july, 2009, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, after, . This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message After a tree has been cut and felled the stump or tree stump is usually a small remaining portion of the trunk with the roots still in the ground Stumps may show the age defining rings of a tree The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology Tree stump about 37 years after felling Stump sculpture by German artist Eberhard BossletContents 1 Regeneration 2 Stump removal 3 Stump harvesting 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksRegeneration editStumps both those on the ground and stumps of removed branches are sometimes able to regenerate into new trees depending on the species Often a deciduous tree that has been cut will re sprout in multiple places around the edge of the stump or from the roots 1 Depending on whether the tree is being removed or whether the forest is expected to recover this can be either desirable or undesirable Stump sprouts can grow very quickly and so become viable trees themselves either for aesthetics or timber due to the existing root structure however the cut portion of the trunk may weaken the sprouts and introduce disease into the newly forming tree s 2 nbsp A freshly cut tree stump 2 hours after cutting nbsp A saprobiontic young spruce on a stumpThe process of deliberately cutting a tree to a stump to regrow is known as coppicing 3 Stump removal editTree stumps can be difficult to remove from the ground They can be dug out pulled out by a chain shredded with a stump grinder or burnt 4 A common method for stump removal is to use one of the many chemical stump removal products so long as immediate results are not needed These stump removers are mostly made of potassium nitrate KNO3 and act by rapidly increasing the decay of the stump The chemical provides nitrogen a limiting nutrient to tree decaying fungi Other nitrogen fertilizers also work 5 After an average of 4 6 weeks the stump will be rotten through and easily fragmented in manageable pieces If time is a limiting factor setting fire to the stump is effective because once the potassium nitrate has been absorbed it acts as an effective oxidizer citation needed Historically an explosive called stumping powder was used to blast stumps 6 7 Stump harvesting editMain article Stump harvesting In plantation forests in parts of Europe stumps are sometimes pulled out of the ground using a specially adapted tracked excavator to supply wood fuel for biomass power stations Stump harvesting may provide an increasing component of the woody material required by the biomass power sector 8 See also edit nbsp Trees portalLiving stumpReferences edit J amp Gotmark F 2014 Differential survival and growth of stumps in 14 woody species after conservation thinning in mixed oak rich temperate forests European Journal of Forest Research 1 11 Tree Wounds and Healing Purdue Extension Forestry amp Natural Resources 2020 09 29 Retrieved 2023 10 20 Buckley G P Ecology and Management of Coppice Woodlands 336 pages Springer 1992 4 Ways to Remove Tree Stumps wikiHow Retrieved 2023 10 20 Stan Roark February 27 2008 Stump Removal for Homeowners Alabama Cooperative Extension System Archived from the original on March 23 2012 Fortier Samuel 1916 Use of Water in Irrigation McGraw Hill book Company Incorporated Professional Tree Trimmers Stump harvesting Forest Research Retrieved 2023 10 20 Buckley G P 1992 Ecology and Management of Coppice Woodlands Springer 336 pages ISBN 0 412 43110 6 ISBN 978 0 412 43110 4 Schenk H J and R B Jackson 2002 The global biogeography of roots Ecological Monographs 72 3 311 328 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tree stumps Stump harvesting in Sweden Regeneration after stump harvesting Archived 2010 07 14 at the Wayback Machine Stumps as a resource in Finland Stump harvesting and forest decomposers Archived 2009 08 09 at the Wayback Machine Stump Removal Methods Comparison Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tree stump amp oldid 1181010731, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
