Torbay, New Zealand

Torbay
Suburb
Torbay beach
Coordinates: 36°41′44″S 174°45′07″E / 36.69556°S 174.75194°E / -36.69556; 174.75194
Country	New Zealand
City	Auckland
Local authority	Auckland Council
Electoral ward	Albany ward
Local board	Hibiscus and Bays
Area ^[1]
• Land	143 ha (353 acres)
Population  (June 2022)^[2]
• Total	4,480
Postcode(s)	0630

Dairy Flat	Long Bay	(Hauraki Gulf)
Torbay Heights	Torbay	(Hauraki Gulf)
Northcross	Waiake	(Hauraki Gulf)

Torbay is a northern suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the upper East Coast Bays of the city's North Shore, and is governed by Auckland Council.

Geography

 

Aerial view of Torbay in 1977. Toroa Point / Gull Point is to the left, and the Tor can be seen in the centre of the photo

Torbay is a suburb of the North Shore of New Zealand. It is in the East Coast Bays area, between the suburbs of Long Bay and Waiake.^[3] The suburb has two major streams: Awaruku Creek in the north (also known as the Waikariwatoto Creek),^[4][5] and Deep Creek in the south.^[6] The eastern-most point of the suburb is called Toroa Point / Gull Point,^[7] and to the south of this is a bay named Winstones Cove.^[8]

The bay also called Torbay is to the south of the suburb in Waiake.^[9] The bay has a recreational beach, Waiake Beach,^[10] which has a small coastal stack presque-isle known as the Tor.^[11][5] Long Bay-Okura Marine Reserve is a marine reserve that borders the north-east coast of Torbay.^[12]

The land at Torbay is primarily made up of Waitemata Group sandstone, which formed during the Miocene approximately 16 to 22 million years ago on the seafloor. Gradually, the seafloor was uplifted due to tectonic forces.^[5] Prior to human settlement, inland Torbay was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by tōtara, mataī, miro, kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline.^[13] The Awaruku Bush Reserve is a remnant kahikatea forest, with the oldest trees in the reserve estimated to be over 650 years old.^[14]

History

Māori history

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries.^[15][16] The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū.^[17] During his arrival in New Zealand, Hoturoa, captain of the Tainui, guided the waka to the Waiake Lagoon (Deep Creek), which was a safe anchorage for the canoe.^[18]

Many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho.^[19] While the poor soils of Torbay hindered dense settlement,^[20] traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds.^[21]

The traditional name for the Torbay area is Waiake, meaning "Eternal Spring",^[5][22] referring to a pool upstream of Deep Creek known as a good location to catch kahawai.^[23] An alternative explanation of the name is that the name means "Waters of Akeake", referring to Dodonaea viscosa (akeake / broadleaf hopbush).^[18] The eastern headland of Torbay, Te Toroa, was the site of a defensive pā, and the mouth of Deep Creek is a kāinga site. Stone adzes have been found at the river mouth, and remains of waka and paddles have been found in Deep Creek.^[18][5] Lonely Track Road was an overland ara (pathway), linking the Lucas Creek in the north-western Waitematā Harbour to the streams of the east coast, such as the Awaruku Creek.^[5]

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore.^[24][25] After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"),^[26][27] Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.^[27][28]

By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore.^[29] After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s.^[30] The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha, respiratory diseases.^[31] During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war paries during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.^[16][29][32]

A traditional story involving Torbay involves Moeroa, the beautiful daughter of a local chief. Moeroa used to sit on the cliffs of the Tor, where she sung with tūī and korimako, and wove mats. One day, the cliffs gave way and she fell to her death, after which the island became tapu. The events likely occurred in the early 19th century.^[18][5]

European settlement

 

Pleasure boats along Deep Creek circa 1900

 

Torbay in 2014

In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Arai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango.^{[33][34][28][35]} The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.^[34][35]

The first European land owner in Torbay was John Logan Campbell, who purchased Allotment 189 (Ōkura to Browns Bay) in 1864, believing that there was coal in the area.^[36][37] The search for coal was unsuccessful, so Campbell sold the land in the 1870s.^[38] Early names for the area included McGowan's Beach, Rock Isle Beach, Oneroa Bay and Deep Creek.^[39][40] Around the year 1880, a British farmer, Mr. Long, purchased 200 acres of land around Torbay, naming his farm Rock Island and Waiake Beach Rock Isle Beach.^[41] After he died, his land was sold to Captain Charles Cholmondeley-Smith,^[41] who grew tobacco, until the market crashed and he established the Glenvar Wine Company.^[42] Cholmondeley-Smith's sons established a sawmill, where kauri logs from the Coromandel Peninsula were processed,^[42] and a flaxmill was established on the property.^[39]

In 1886 the first church in the area was constructed, an Anglican church called St Mary by the Sea, was constructed. Two years later, the first school in the area operated from the church.^[39][5] In 1897, the Oneroa post office was established at the Cholmondeley-Smith home, and the first post-mistress was Cholmondeley-Smith's daughter Kate.^[5] The first wharf was constructed circa 1880 by the Cholmondeley-Smith family, and ferries were the major means of transport well into the 1920s.^[43]

In 1915, Torbay was subdivided, and 57 sections were sold as the Deep Creek Estate.^[44] By the early 1930s, the area was primarily known as Deep Creek.^[45] Due to habitual problems with mail being sent to other areas of New Zealand called Oneroa, such as Oneroa on Waiheke Island or places in the South Island called Deep Creek, the post office's name was changed to Torbay in 1933.^[5][46] While it is unknown what the origin of the name is, it may be a reference to Torbay in Devon, England.^[39] During World War II, pillboxes were constructed in Torbay, at Gilberd Place and at the corner of Beach Road and Long Bay Drive.^[5]

Torbay developed as a suburban area of Auckland in the 1970s, after improvements were made to the Auckland Northern Motorway.^[47]

Local government

From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland.^[48] In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council,^[48] which became East Coast Bays City in 1975.^[49] In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City.^[49] North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.^[50]

Within the Auckland Council, Torbay is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Amenities

Torbay is home to both the Awaruku Bush Reserve and the Stredwick Reserve. Awaruku Bush Reserve is an area of kahikatea bush that was preserved in the 1960s, when the suburb expanded. The oldest kahikatea tree in the reserve is estimated as being over 650 years old. Inside the reserve is an old quarry, which was abandoned in the early 1900s.^[14]

Torbay is close to the Long Bay Regional Park, which attracts over a million visitors each year.^[51] There are also a number of smaller public beaches (Waiake, Torbay Beach, Winstone's Cove, Ladder Bay),^[52] which are highly accessible and utilised both for swimming, and mooring small yachts.

Demographics

Torbay covers 1.43 km² (0.55 sq mi)^[1] and had an estimated population of 4,480 as of June 2022,^[2] with a population density of 3,133 people per km².

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
2006	3,942	—
2013	4,065	+0.44%
2018	4,305	+1.15%
Source: ^[53]

 

Torbay beach at sunrise

Torbay had a population of 4,305 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 240 people (5.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 363 people (9.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,524 households, comprising 2,112 males and 2,193 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female. The median age was 41.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 789 people (18.3%) aged under 15 years, 783 (18.2%) aged 15 to 29, 2,019 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 714 (16.6%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 86.1% European/Pākehā, 4.9% Māori, 2.6% Pacific peoples, 11.2% Asian, and 2.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 43.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.1% had no religion, 36.7% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.6% were Hindu, 0.3% were Muslim, 1.1% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,071 (30.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 333 (9.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $38,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 918 people (26.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,779 (50.6%) people were employed full-time, 606 (17.2%) were part-time, and 102 (2.9%) were unemployed.^[53]

Education

Torbay Primary School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1 - 6) school with a roll of 576 students as at April 2023.^[54][55] It was established in 1954.^[56] In 2019, students of Torbay School taught younger tamariki Te Reo and sign language during Te Wiki o te Reo Māori (Māori Language Week).^[57]

Notable residents

• Willis Thomas Goodwin Airey, historian

References

1. "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
2. "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
3. "Torbay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
4. "Awaruku Creek". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
5. Lutz, Heike; Chan, Theresa (2011). North Shore heritage – North Shore area studies and scheduled items list: volume 2 parts 6+ (PDF). Heritage Consultancy Services (Report). Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
6. "Deep Creek". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
7. "Toroa Point / Gull Point". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
8. "Winstones Cove". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
9. "Torbay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
10. "Torbay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
11. "The Tor". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
12. "Long Bay-Okura Marine Reserve". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
13. Veart, Dave (2018). The Māori Archaeology of Te Raki Paewhenua/North Shore (Report). Auckland North Community and Development. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9941358-4-1.
14. Janssen, Peter (January 2021). Greater Auckland Walks. New Holland Publishers. p. 40-41. ISBN 978-1-86966-516-6. Wikidata Q118136068.
15. Pishief, Elizabeth; Shirley, Brendan (August 2015). "Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
16. Boffa Miskell. Penlink Cultural & Environmental Design Framework: Penlink Cultural and Environmental Context (PDF) (Report). Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
17. Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki (April 2016). Cultural Values Assessment Report to New Zealand Transport Agency for Northern Corridor Improvements Project (NCI) (PDF) (Report). NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
18. Willis 2018, pp. 6.
19. Mossman, Sarah (August 2018). Cultural Values Assessment for America's Cup 36 - Wynyard and Hobson Planning Application (PDF). Te Kawerau Iwi Tribunal Authority (Report). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
20. Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-1-927169-21-6. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
21. McKenzie, Fiona (June 2016). Cultural Impact Assessment for the NZ Transport Agency's Northern Corridor Improvements (PDF). Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust (Report). NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
22. OurAuckland (24 June 2020). "Torbay gem gets a helping hand". Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
23. "Waiake". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
24. "Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. December 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
25. Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. p. 13-14. ISBN 0-473-00983-8.
26. Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
27. Whaanga, Mel (March 2022). "He taonga o te rohe". Restore Hibiscus & Bays. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
28. Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents" (PDF). NZ Government. (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
29. New Zealand Government; Ngāti Paoa (20 March 2021). "Ngāti Pāoa and the Trustees of the Ngāti Pāoa Iwi Trust and The Crown Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
30. "Wenderholm Regional Park: Our History" (PDF). Auckland Council. 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
31. McKenzie, Fiona (May 2017). "Cultural Values Assessment for the Warkworth North Structure Plan and Associated Development" (PDF). Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust. Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
32. Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
33. Rigby, Barry (August 1998). The Crown, Maori and Mahurangi 1840-1881 (PDF) (Report). Waitangi Tribunal. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
34. Stone 2001, pp. 188.
35. Te Kawerau ā Maki; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; The Crown (22 February 2014). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claim" (PDF). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
36. Cass 1989, pp. 5–6.
37. Willis 2018, pp. 7, 13.
38. Willis 2018, pp. 13.
39. Cass 1989, pp. 3–4.
40. Willis 2018, pp. 6–7.
41. Willis 2018, pp. 7.
42. Willis 2018, pp. 8.
43. Willis 2018, pp. 9.
44. "Page 8 Advertisements Column 1". Auckland Star. Vol. XLVI, no. 102. 30 April 1915. p. 8 – via Papers Past.
45. "Public Hall at Torbay". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXXI, no. 21752. 17 March 1934. p. 10 – via Papers Past.
46. "Change of Name". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXX, no. 21620. 12 October 1933. p. 4 – via Papers Past.
47. He hītori mō te hanga ā-tāone o Tāmaki Makaurau: A brief history of Auckland’s urban form (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. December 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
48. Reidy, Jade (2009). "How the West Was Run". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 238–239. ISBN 9781869790080.
49. Mace, Tania (October 2006). "Browns Bay Heritage Walk" (PDF). North Shore City Council. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
50. Blakeley, Roger (2015). "The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view". Policy Quarterly. 11 (4). doi:10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572. ISSN 2324-1101.
51. "Long Bay park gets bigger but calls grow for more". NZ Herald. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
52. Harriss, Gavin. Torbay, Auckland (Map). NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
53. "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Torbay (117200). 2018 Census place summary: Torbay
54. "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
55. Education Counts: Torbay School
56. . Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
57. KEA Kids News: Tamariki are the te reo teachers at this school

Bibliography

• Cass, David (1989). ECB – the Years to 1989. East Coast Bays City Council.
• Sheehan, Vanessa (2019). An Almost Complete History of the East Coast Bays.
• Stone, R. C. J. (2001). From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland. Auckland University Press. ISBN 1869402596.
• Willis, Jenny (2018). Early History of East Coast Bays (Second ed.).