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Statistics New Zealand

January 01, 1970

Statistics New Zealand (Māori: Tatauranga Aotearoa), branded as Stats NZ, is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the collection of statistics related to the economy, population and society of New Zealand. To this end, Stats NZ produces censuses and surveys.

Statistics New Zealand
Tatauranga Aotearoa
Agency overview
Formed1956
JurisdictionNew Zealand
Headquarters8 Willis Street,
Wellington, 6011
Employees1155 (2020)[1]
Annual budgetVote Statistics
Total budget for 2019/20
$166,385,000[2]
Minister responsible
Agency executive
  • Mark Sowden,
    Chief Executive and Government Statistician
Websitewww.stats.govt.nz

Organization edit

The organisation's staff includes statisticians, mathematicians, computer science specialists, accountants, economists, demographers, sociologists, geographers, social psychologists, and marketers.[3]

Stats NZ is divided into seven organisational subgroups, each managed by a Deputy Government Statistician:

  • Macro-economic and Environment Statistics studies prices, and national accounts, develops macro-economic statistics, does government and international accounts, and ANZSIC 06 implementation (facilitating changeover to new classification code developed jointly with Australian statistics officials.)[4]
  • Social and Population Statistics studies population, social conditions, standard of living, and census, and has a census planning manager as well as statisticians helping to develop new social statistics measures.[4]
  • Standards and Methods studies statistical methods, statistical education, and research, solutions and capabilities, information management, and develops new methodologies.[4]
  • Collections and Dissemination services clients. There is one general manager in Christchurch and one in Auckland. It develops products and services and manages publishing and customer services.[4]
  • Organisation Direction maintains contacts with key government officials, does internal audits and business planning, manages international relations and the Official Statistics System (OSS), and advises on Māori affairs.[4]
  • Industry and Labour Statistics studies business indicators, finance and performance, agriculture, energy and work knowledge and skills.[4]
  • Organisation Development focuses on services for the agency itself, including information technology management, quality assurance, application development and support, finances, corporate support, and human resources.[4]

Many of the agency's powers, duties, and responsibilities are governed by acts of the New Zealand Parliament. The agency is a state sector organisation of New Zealand operating under the authority of the Statistics Act 1975.[5]

Responsibilities and activities edit

The department conducts the New Zealand census every five years. The census is officially done on one day. The most recent released census was in 2018[6] (the first data from the 2023 census is due for release on 29 May 2024).[7] The count of usual residents (excluding visitors from overseas) from the 2018 census was 4,699,755.[8] they lived in 1,664,313 occupied dwellings;[8] their median age was 37.4 years (half older, half younger);[9] 775,836 identified themselves as "Māori" (16.5% of the population);[10] people had a median income of $31,800.[11] This is a main source of information, and data collected from this census is often used for further purposes within the department as well as serving as benchmark information for numerous reports and surveys. For example, the census asks about the main means of travel to work, but by combining this with data from transport surveys, the department can issue detailed reports such as "Commuting Patterns in New Zealand: 1996–2006", with specific inferences such as "Over half of people who walked or jogged to work lived within 2km of their workplace."[12] This information is helpful for business purposes, government decision-making, media purposes, foreign policy, journalism, public information, planning, and for many other uses. For example, the Federal Reserve Bank of New Zealand uses statistics from this agency about prices and wages to help develop economic indicators, exchange rate information, and the official cash rate.[13]

The department supplies a wide variety of information. It reports on labour costs, incomes, civil unions and marriages, employment, electronic card transactions, food prices, retail trade, births and deaths, prices of capital goods, overseas trade, screen industry, international visitor arrivals, overseas merchandise, agriculture and fish stocks, water resources, building consents, electronic card transactions, English language providers, wholesale trade, local authority information, balance of payments data, manufacturing surveys, commuting patterns, mapping trends, culture and identity statistics, housing trends, work stoppages, gross domestic product, industrial energy use, and the list goes on and on.[14] In addition, it analyses trends and publishes forecasts. The agency does not involve itself with political polling generally.

The agency provides information to the public. Many surveys and reports are available free of charge on its website; users can download spreadsheets electronically.[15] In addition, some private market research firms use the agency's vast database information as source material, combining it with value-added presentation software (such as sophisticated mapping programs), and then sell the re-packaged information.[16]

Information from demographers is used as source material by journalists for articles. Sometimes statistics can influence public policy. For example, Stats NZ demographers in 2008 spotted a trend of fewer women having children and wrote: "Deciding not to have children happens as a consequence of other life events.... Education, career, mortgages, changes in family and partners for many couples, childlessness is what happens while they are making other plans."[17] Their report was picked up by journalists at the Sunday Star-Times to form the basis of an article with the headline "New Zealand women stop having babies". The article discussed ramifications, such as possible workforce shortages and increased cost of elderly care, as well as possible policy actions such as a "Working for Families" program.[17] Newspaper headlines can influence public opinion which may impact policy decisions. Stats NZ information is used by government to explore tough problems; a research paper dated April 2009 used agency statistics when exploring how to handle gang violence.[18]

Agency data is quoted by a wide variety of sources, even in the footnotes of books. For example, in "Connecting the Clouds – the Internet in New Zealand", author Keith Newman cites agency statistics regarding telecommunications cost decreases (the Stats NZ report said "New Zealand average residential phone call pricing plummeted 50% between 1987 and 1993") and national finances (the Stats NZ report said "The current account deficit for the year ended March 2007 was $13.9 billion (8.5 percent of GDP)").[19] Data is used to help retailers spot trends and act accordingly. A newspaper article on decreased do-it-yourself (DIY) retail spending in 2008 quoted an agency source: "Figures from Statistics New Zealand show DIY spend has been tracking down with the retail sector." This information helps businesses adjust to new realities.[20] Radio programs such as "Radio New Zealand National" have quoted agency data.[21]

Some agency policies result in controversy. One gay activist felt Stats NZ was "breaking the law" by omitting a question on the 2006 census regarding sexual orientation; the article in the New Zealand Herald elaborated "Mr. van Wetering and the Office of Human Rights Proceedings, the independent legal branch of the commission, expect to discuss the inclusion of the (sexual orientation) question in the 2011 Census with lawyers for Statistics New Zealand later this year."[22] There were some indications that the agency was seriously considering including a question on sexual orientation.[23] The agency did focus groups exploring this possibility.[24] Sometimes controversies involve disputes over whether agency data was cited properly. One blogger, claiming to be a former Wellingtonian journalist who identifies himself or herself as "Poneke", accused the Sunday Star-Times of publishing misleading data about crime statistics. Poneke noted that “Statistics New Zealand now provide(s) the ability to query the New Zealand Police Statistics – allowing you to gather detailed crime information about your local area since 1994.” The blogger felt the agency was "impeccably impartial", but distrusted various media sources.[25]

One way the agency makes data available to the public is by offering a Table Builder tool. It lets users access specific information from past surveys, and collect it into a customised set of data.[26] [27][28]

The following counts were derived by using Statistics New Zealand's Table Builder tool:[29]

New Zealand population by sex
Census year Men Women
1996 1,809,309 1,872,237
2001 1,863,306 1,957,443
2006 2,021,277 2,122,005

Statistics New Zealand develops statistical classifications and standards and works with the corresponding national statistical offices with such nations as Australia, the United States, and Canada. It conducts ongoing research regarding the viability of these standards. Since the early 2000s, it has begun using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupation to describe a wide variety of jobs; for example, the code 111111 describes a chief executive or managing director, while the code 531111 describes a general clerk.[30] By using standardised codes, high speed computers can sift and sort through large databases to produce summary reports.

It also provides technical assistance to developing countries in the Pacific rim, with a special focus on Pacific Island nations.

Statistics New Zealand is acknowledged as the statistical authority within government. While other branches of government generate statistics, Statistics New Zealand works with them to expedite the information as well as provide consulting services when appropriate. It is responsible for the first integrated programme of Official Social Statistics. It provides assistance, guidance and oversight to other government agencies regarding statistics when appropriate. For example, it works with the New Zealand Health Information Service regarding their management of statistical information – a downloaded spreadsheet showed there were 65,120 live births registered in 2007 in the nation, and the table listed Statistics New Zealand as a source of this information.[31] It worked with the Ministry for Culture and Heritage to collect and publish cultural data.[32]

Vision edit

The department's "aim is that New Zealand increasingly gets the statistical information it needs to grow and prosper".[33]

 
Commuting patterns in the Wellington region are shown; darker red lines indicate greater traffic. Source: Commuter view New Zealand, 2006 Census of Population and Dwellings.[34]

The organisation's stated values are statistical excellence, integrity, confidentiality and data security, leading, connecting, and communicating.[35] It says on its website: "By following these values, we aim to deliver accessible, relevant, and timely statistics for all New Zealanders.[35] Confidentiality is not only a policy chosen by the department but required by law. A section of the Statistics Act 1975 reads "No information from an individual schedule is to be separately published or disclosed [Section 37(3)], except as authorised by the Statistics Act (the act permits others to see information from an individual schedule, but only when it is in a form that prevents identification of the respondent concerned, and then only under strict security conditions).[36] This means government cannot abuse personal information from a census by revealing (or threatening to reveal it) for dubious purposes. For example, a particular person's income responses cannot be handed over to a tax collection agency.

The agency maintains an open copyright policy stating that, apart from images and content with specific copyright statement, users are free to use the work provided that Statistics New Zealand is attributed.[37]

Methods edit

Statistics New Zealand uses many methods to collect, process, analyse, and publish data. The agency has statisticians and mathematicians and survey experts whose chief duty is to examine how the agency approaches various projects and to suggest ways to improve efficiency, speed, and accuracy.

Some projects require advanced statistical tools to make sense of misleading data. For example, sometimes seasonality distorts data. "For example, in retail trade, December is a very high month due to Christmas sales. If we compare November sales with December sales, we will report an increase in sales. But this increase is largely due to seasonal fluctuations and is not an informative measure" according to a description from their website.[38] To prevent seasonal variables from distorting data, statisticians sometimes use complex programs, including X-12-ARIMA (derived from census bureaus from the US and Canada), to remove seasonal distortions.[38] So, with the December sales bump removed, the seasonally adjusted retail sales data can reveal the true underlying trend—are sales going up, holding steady, or declining? This is important information for retailers.

 
Statistics New Zealand publishes trade information, export and import data, tourism, and so forth. This information assists government planners as well as business activity.

While the census counts every person, the department also conducts surveys based on only a small sample of people. These samples are scientifically selected to represent the larger group. For example, the General Social Survey chooses a select number of households, approximately 8,000, which represent the nation as a whole, and surveys them every two years.[39] Interviewers with laptops conduct face-to-face interviews, and the result is information about "social wellbeing" including "housing, health, paid work, social connectedness, and human rights. It sometimes conducts specialty surveys about a specific industry or topic. For example, it published a biotechnology survey, based on a 10-page questionnaire developed by the agency, using scientific samples to choose respondents; the 2007 results can be downloaded to computers via the Internet. This particular report uses a long list of variables, such as "total exports" and "biotechnology exports to Asia" and "stage of development of biotechnology processes".[40]

Statistical techniques such as sampling and weighting can reduce data gathering expenses while surveying, although it requires careful attention by statisticians. For example, census counts are rather straightforward in a statistical sense since it is a straight count of bodies, purchases, opinions, actions. But it is expensive to interview everybody. And there are many non-census topics requiring further study which the agency is asked to do. One way to reduce costs is by selecting smaller samples which hopefully represent the population being studied. This is a highly cost-effective way to get accurate information. Choosing a good sample sometimes requires complex statistical work to make sure the sample is, indeed, truly representative of the population under study. If conditions do not permit representative sampling but known benchmark statistics are known (possibly from earlier census data), it is still possible to generate accurate information by weighting the data to distort it back, so to speak, to compensate for the distortion caused by the unrepresentative sample. For example, suppose an area of Wellington has a known percentage of women—say 53% – which is believed to be accurate from a previous census count; a study is done a few years later; a sample is chosen; questionnaires are processed; but of the returning questionnaires, 57% are women. It is possible statistically to give men slightly greater weight to account for the discrepancy, and the result is more accurate data. The agency discusses different methodologies on its website.[41] A statement explains why weighting is sometimes necessary: "Statistics New Zealand is improving the methodology used for the 2001 Household Economic Survey through the use of integrated weighting. This is a relatively recently developed method of adjusting the statistical output of a survey to match population benchmarks. In particular, it takes account of under coverage in the survey of specified population groups. Integrated weighting improves the robustness and accuracy of survey estimates. It also reduces the effect of bias in estimates resulting from under coverage, as well as reducing the level of sampling error for benchmark variables."[41]

 
Statistics New Zealand publishes data in a wide variety of formats, including tables, charts, graphs, and maps like this one, which details religious affiliations (2013)

All statistical work presents opportunities for error, but it is possible to reduce error to manageable amounts. A statement reads: "An important aim of our ongoing work is to understand, manage, control and report on all known sources of error... which simply reflect the inherent variability that exists among the units we are seeking to measure... This variability manifests itself in sampling error when we use samples for cost-effectiveness reasons to estimate characteristics about a population. Sampling errors are relatively easy to measure.... Other sources reflect process, measurement and inference errors, and are referred to as non-sampling error. It is not possible to eliminate all sources of error. However, our continued efforts at understanding and managing variability and error ensure we are exercising a high level of control on all known sources of error."[42]

What greatly facilitates statistical accuracy by reducing non-response bias is that answering questions is sometimes required by law. Some surveys must be answered. This requirement lessens agency expense, practically eliminates non-response bias (a perennial headache for most private market researchers) and improves accuracy. For example, for the General Social Survey, people are selected randomly for 10-minute phone interviews which sometimes ask personal questions such as wage and salary information. But people must answer these questions and will not be paid for their time. It is required by the Statistics Act 1975. This policy is substantially different from countries such as the United States, where answering official surveys is rarely compulsory, including responding to its census which is done every ten years. Further, if a person does not get a census survey for any reason, he or she is still obligated to visit a local census bureau, get one, fill it out, and return it; the government cannot be held accountable for mixing up an address.[43] Questionnaires can be downloaded from the Internet via the Statistics New Zealand website.[44]

Legislation states census forms must be "filled in and signed within a stated time" and returned "within a stated time to the Department".[45]

Extensive use is made of the Internet to publish key information. Users can sift through vast databases to learn about a wide variety of topics. A user can learn that "89% of businesses use broadband to connect to the Internet" or that "145 babies were born on Mother's Day in 2008".[46] Entire reports can be downloaded as .pdf files and printed on one's computer.

History edit

 
In colonial times, there was a "Blue Book" of official statistics, compiled by various magistrates. Here is a photo of the table of contents dated 1851 for the southern island, then called "New Munster". Source = Statistics New Zealand (National Archives).

In the nation's early days, with a small population and before the advent of powered transportation and modern telecommunications, there was little need for statistics nor ability to create them. In the colonial years, sometimes magistrates and police officials collected data as part of their work.[47] After about the 1890s, the official information source presented to the public was called the New Zealand Official Yearbook compiled from various departments.[47] Sometimes data about animals were collected (a census of poultry ceased in 1971); one census taker on horseback drowned while crossing a river.[47] In 1956, the newly created Department of Statistics had 164 employees.[47] Tabulating techniques improved. One source writes: "As both New Zealand's population and the complexity of the information sought grew, so did the size of the army of temporary clerks that was employed every five years by the Census and Statistics Office to process it. Sitting at long tables, they added, subtracted and calculated percentages. From the 1890s census data was written on cards which were sorted by hand.

The drudgery of statistical work was gradually eased as adding and calculating machines and typewriters came into use, operated mostly by women. Tabulating machines were imported from the United States in the 1920s to process punched cards; this too was women's work," according to a book written by David Green in 2002.[47] The agency grew in size. Tabulating machines were replaced by mainframe computers, then microcomputers, then the Internet. "Since the early 1980s computing has been done in-house, and in the 1990s personal computers and the Internet revolutionised the day-to-day experience of work at Statistics New Zealand," according to Green's book.[47]

Management positions have changed over time as well. The post of Government Statistician was created in 1910 within the Registrar-General's Office, before a separate Census and Statistics Office was set up in 1913. Before 1910 most statistics for the colony or dominion as a whole were the responsibility of the Registrar-General himself.

The well-regarded economist J.B. Condliffe worked at the agency after First World War, but no fully qualified mathematicians until after the Second, when in-house training in statistical methods also began. Since 1910, the post of Government Statistician has been held by different persons. From 1955 until 1994 the agency was known as the Department of Statistics until the name was changed to the current one.

Government statisticians edit

The agency has grown in size and sophistication from its early beginnings. As times change, information needs change accordingly. For example, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, politicians became interested in the concept of sustainable development. The agency found ways to measure these trends to provide helpful information for planners. In August 2002, it published its first report on Sustainable Development Indicators, which measured variables such as water quality, energy usage, sustainability of cities, and youth development. [53] Environment Minister Marian Hobbs said in 2003 "...the growth we have must be sustained over a number of generations. Therefore, we need to plan for that growth so that we don't add to our problems."[54] As the department moves into the future, and if the past is an indication of the future, it is likely to continue its trajectory of larger size, more responsibility, increased technical sophistication via Internet and broadband tools.

The 2011 national census was cancelled due to the disruption and displacement of people caused by the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.[55] The census was rescheduled and took place on 5 March 2013.

On 13 August 2019, the Chief Statistician Liz MacPherson resigned following the release of a report criticising the department's handling of the 2018 New Zealand census. Due to a decision to conduct the census solely online, the 2018 Census only attracted an 83% response rate, well short of the 94% Census percent target and a nine percent drop from the previous 2013 Census.[56][57][58]

References edit

  1. ^ "Annual Report 2020". Statistics New Zealand. 30 June 2020.
  2. ^ "Total Appropriations for Each Vote". Budget 2019. The Treasury. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  3. ^ "Statistics New Zealand – Careers". Statistics New Zealand. July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g (PDF). Statistics New Zealand. 27 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  5. ^ http://www.stats.govt.nz/about_us/who-we-are/policies-and-protocols.aspx
  6. ^ "2018 Census | Stats NZ".
  7. ^ "2023 Census | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  8. ^ a b . www.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Stats NZ archive website | Stats NZ".
  10. ^ "Ethnicity | Stats NZ".
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
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  13. ^ . Federal Reserve Bank of New Zealand. July 2009. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  14. ^ "Release calendar August 2009". Statistics New Zealand. July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  15. ^ "Statistics New Zealand website". Statistics New Zealand. July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  16. ^ . Caliper Corporation. 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  17. ^ a b "New Zealand women stop having babies". Sunday Star-Times. 30 March 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  18. ^ "Young People and Gangs in New Zealand – see footnote #2". New Zealand Parliament. 3 April 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  19. ^ Keith Newman (2007). . nethistory.co.nz. Archived from the original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  20. ^ Errol Kiong (3 October 2008). "Housing slump puts DIY stores at risk". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  21. ^ "Programme Transcript". Radio New Zealand National. 22 July 2001. Retrieved 3 August 2009.[dead link]
  22. ^ "Activist wants right to tick gay box". gay.co.nz. 25 February 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  23. ^ . Asexuality Aotearoa New Zealand (AANZ) website. 2009. Archived from the original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  24. ^ "Sexual Orientation Focus Group Research". Statistics New Zealand. 2006. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  25. ^ . Poneke's Weblog. 31 December 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  26. ^ . Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 25 April 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  27. ^ . Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  28. ^ . Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  29. ^ . Statistics New Zealand. 2006. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  30. ^ . Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  31. ^ "Maternity Snapshot 2007 Table 1: Number of mothers and live births in 2007, by data source (Provisional)". New Zealand Health Information Service. July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  32. ^ . Ministry for Culture and Heritage. July 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  33. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  34. ^ . Statistics New Zealand. July 2006. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  35. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  36. ^ . Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  37. ^ "Copyright and terms of use". Statistics NZ.
  38. ^ a b "Seasonal adjustment within Statistics New Zealand – article". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  39. ^ "New Zealand General Social Survey – Statistics New Zealand". Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  40. ^ "Biotechnology Statistics – New Zealand". Statistics New Zealand. July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  41. ^ a b . Statistics New Zealand. August 2009. Archived from the original on 28 August 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  42. ^ "Non-Sampling Error in Economic Surveys at Statistics New Zealand". Statistics New Zealand. August 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  43. ^ "Duty of persons to obtain census schedule (part 3 section 25)". Government of New Zealand – Parliament. 3 September 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  44. ^ . Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  45. ^ "Statistics Act 1975 No 1 (As at 07 August 2020), Public Act 25 Duty of persons to obtain census schedule – New Zealand Legislation".
  46. ^ "Interesting statistics (scrolling window)". Statistics New Zealand. July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  47. ^ a b c d e f David Green (2002). "A snapshot history of Statistics New Zealand". Statistics Count: An Illustrated History of Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  48. ^ a b c d e John Victor Tuwhakahewa Baker. 'Statistics, Official', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966.
  49. ^ Hicks, Colin. "Lewin, John Philip 1915 – 1990". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  50. ^ "Appointment of Chief Executive and Government Statistician for Statistics New Zealand" 24 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, media statement from State Services Commissioner Mark Prebble, 21 May 2007, retrieved 10 June 2007.
  51. ^ "New Statistics New Zealand Chief Executive Appointed" 15 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine, statement from State Services Commission, 18 June 2013, retrieved 29 October 2018.
  52. ^ "Data leadership | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  53. ^ Measuring Sustainable Development: Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks (p.205). OECD. 2004. ISBN 9789264020122. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  54. ^ Marian Hobbs (31 January 2003). "Sustainable Development Programme of Action". Government of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  55. ^ "2011 Census cancelled due to quake". TVNZ. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  56. ^ "Head of Stats NZ Liz MacPherson resigns over botched census". Radio New Zealand. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  57. ^ Manch, Thomas (13 August 2019). "Census 2018: Chief Statistician Liz MacPherson has resigned". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  58. ^ Whyte, Anna (13 August 2019). "Government's top statistician resigns in wake of Census 2018 debacle". 1 News Now. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • at Statistics New Zealand
  • Statisphere – Portal to New Zealand Official Statistics

January 01, 1970
statistics, zealand, māori, tatauranga, aotearoa, branded, stats, public, service, department, zealand, charged, with, collection, statistics, related, economy, population, society, zealand, this, stats, produces, censuses, surveys, tatauranga, aotearoaagency,. Statistics New Zealand Maori Tatauranga Aotearoa branded as Stats NZ is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the collection of statistics related to the economy population and society of New Zealand To this end Stats NZ produces censuses and surveys Statistics New ZealandTatauranga AotearoaAgency overviewFormed1956JurisdictionNew ZealandHeadquarters8 Willis Street Wellington 6011Employees1155 2020 1 Annual budgetVote StatisticsTotal budget for 2019 20 166 385 000 2 Minister responsibleHon Andrew Bayly Minister of StatisticsAgency executiveMark Sowden Chief Executive and Government StatisticianWebsitewww wbr stats wbr govt wbr nz Contents 1 Organization 2 Responsibilities and activities 3 Vision 4 Methods 5 History 5 1 Government statisticians 6 References 7 External linksOrganization editThe organisation s staff includes statisticians mathematicians computer science specialists accountants economists demographers sociologists geographers social psychologists and marketers 3 Stats NZ is divided into seven organisational subgroups each managed by a Deputy Government Statistician Macro economic and Environment Statistics studies prices and national accounts develops macro economic statistics does government and international accounts and ANZSIC 06 implementation facilitating changeover to new classification code developed jointly with Australian statistics officials 4 Social and Population Statistics studies population social conditions standard of living and census and has a census planning manager as well as statisticians helping to develop new social statistics measures 4 Standards and Methods studies statistical methods statistical education and research solutions and capabilities information management and develops new methodologies 4 Collections and Dissemination services clients There is one general manager in Christchurch and one in Auckland It develops products and services and manages publishing and customer services 4 Organisation Direction maintains contacts with key government officials does internal audits and business planning manages international relations and the Official Statistics System OSS and advises on Maori affairs 4 Industry and Labour Statistics studies business indicators finance and performance agriculture energy and work knowledge and skills 4 Organisation Development focuses on services for the agency itself including information technology management quality assurance application development and support finances corporate support and human resources 4 Many of the agency s powers duties and responsibilities are governed by acts of the New Zealand Parliament The agency is a state sector organisation of New Zealand operating under the authority of the Statistics Act 1975 5 Responsibilities and activities editThe department conducts the New Zealand census every five years The census is officially done on one day The most recent released census was in 2018 6 the first data from the 2023 census is due for release on 29 May 2024 7 The count of usual residents excluding visitors from overseas from the 2018 census was 4 699 755 8 they lived in 1 664 313 occupied dwellings 8 their median age was 37 4 years half older half younger 9 775 836 identified themselves as Maori 16 5 of the population 10 people had a median income of 31 800 11 This is a main source of information and data collected from this census is often used for further purposes within the department as well as serving as benchmark information for numerous reports and surveys For example the census asks about the main means of travel to work but by combining this with data from transport surveys the department can issue detailed reports such as Commuting Patterns in New Zealand 1996 2006 with specific inferences such as Over half of people who walked or jogged to work lived within 2km of their workplace 12 This information is helpful for business purposes government decision making media purposes foreign policy journalism public information planning and for many other uses For example the Federal Reserve Bank of New Zealand uses statistics from this agency about prices and wages to help develop economic indicators exchange rate information and the official cash rate 13 The department supplies a wide variety of information It reports on labour costs incomes civil unions and marriages employment electronic card transactions food prices retail trade births and deaths prices of capital goods overseas trade screen industry international visitor arrivals overseas merchandise agriculture and fish stocks water resources building consents electronic card transactions English language providers wholesale trade local authority information balance of payments data manufacturing surveys commuting patterns mapping trends culture and identity statistics housing trends work stoppages gross domestic product industrial energy use and the list goes on and on 14 In addition it analyses trends and publishes forecasts The agency does not involve itself with political polling generally The agency provides information to the public Many surveys and reports are available free of charge on its website users can download spreadsheets electronically 15 In addition some private market research firms use the agency s vast database information as source material combining it with value added presentation software such as sophisticated mapping programs and then sell the re packaged information 16 Information from demographers is used as source material by journalists for articles Sometimes statistics can influence public policy For example Stats NZ demographers in 2008 spotted a trend of fewer women having children and wrote Deciding not to have children happens as a consequence of other life events Education career mortgages changes in family and partners for many couples childlessness is what happens while they are making other plans 17 Their report was picked up by journalists at the Sunday Star Times to form the basis of an article with the headline New Zealand women stop having babies The article discussed ramifications such as possible workforce shortages and increased cost of elderly care as well as possible policy actions such as a Working for Families program 17 Newspaper headlines can influence public opinion which may impact policy decisions Stats NZ information is used by government to explore tough problems a research paper dated April 2009 used agency statistics when exploring how to handle gang violence 18 Agency data is quoted by a wide variety of sources even in the footnotes of books For example in Connecting the Clouds the Internet in New Zealand author Keith Newman cites agency statistics regarding telecommunications cost decreases the Stats NZ report said New Zealand average residential phone call pricing plummeted 50 between 1987 and 1993 and national finances the Stats NZ report said The current account deficit for the year ended March 2007 was 13 9 billion 8 5 percent of GDP 19 Data is used to help retailers spot trends and act accordingly A newspaper article on decreased do it yourself DIY retail spending in 2008 quoted an agency source Figures from Statistics New Zealand show DIY spend has been tracking down with the retail sector This information helps businesses adjust to new realities 20 Radio programs such as Radio New Zealand National have quoted agency data 21 Some agency policies result in controversy One gay activist felt Stats NZ was breaking the law by omitting a question on the 2006 census regarding sexual orientation the article in the New Zealand Herald elaborated Mr van Wetering and the Office of Human Rights Proceedings the independent legal branch of the commission expect to discuss the inclusion of the sexual orientation question in the 2011 Census with lawyers for Statistics New Zealand later this year 22 There were some indications that the agency was seriously considering including a question on sexual orientation 23 The agency did focus groups exploring this possibility 24 Sometimes controversies involve disputes over whether agency data was cited properly One blogger claiming to be a former Wellingtonian journalist who identifies himself or herself as Poneke accused the Sunday Star Times of publishing misleading data about crime statistics Poneke noted that Statistics New Zealand now provide s the ability to query the New Zealand Police Statistics allowing you to gather detailed crime information about your local area since 1994 The blogger felt the agency was impeccably impartial but distrusted various media sources 25 One way the agency makes data available to the public is by offering a Table Builder tool It lets users access specific information from past surveys and collect it into a customised set of data 26 27 28 The following counts were derived by using Statistics New Zealand s Table Builder tool 29 New Zealand population by sex Census year Men Women 1996 1 809 309 1 872 237 2001 1 863 306 1 957 443 2006 2 021 277 2 122 005 Statistics New Zealand develops statistical classifications and standards and works with the corresponding national statistical offices with such nations as Australia the United States and Canada It conducts ongoing research regarding the viability of these standards Since the early 2000s it has begun using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupation to describe a wide variety of jobs for example the code 111111 describes a chief executive or managing director while the code 531111 describes a general clerk 30 By using standardised codes high speed computers can sift and sort through large databases to produce summary reports It also provides technical assistance to developing countries in the Pacific rim with a special focus on Pacific Island nations Statistics New Zealand is acknowledged as the statistical authority within government While other branches of government generate statistics Statistics New Zealand works with them to expedite the information as well as provide consulting services when appropriate It is responsible for the first integrated programme of Official Social Statistics It provides assistance guidance and oversight to other government agencies regarding statistics when appropriate For example it works with the New Zealand Health Information Service regarding their management of statistical information a downloaded spreadsheet showed there were 65 120 live births registered in 2007 in the nation and the table listed Statistics New Zealand as a source of this information 31 It worked with the Ministry for Culture and Heritage to collect and publish cultural data 32 Vision editThe department s aim is that New Zealand increasingly gets the statistical information it needs to grow and prosper 33 nbsp Commuting patterns in the Wellington region are shown darker red lines indicate greater traffic Source Commuter view New Zealand 2006 Census of Population and Dwellings 34 The organisation s stated values are statistical excellence integrity confidentiality and data security leading connecting and communicating 35 It says on its website By following these values we aim to deliver accessible relevant and timely statistics for all New Zealanders 35 Confidentiality is not only a policy chosen by the department but required by law A section of the Statistics Act 1975 reads No information from an individual schedule is to be separately published or disclosed Section 37 3 except as authorised by the Statistics Act the act permits others to see information from an individual schedule but only when it is in a form that prevents identification of the respondent concerned and then only under strict security conditions 36 This means government cannot abuse personal information from a census by revealing or threatening to reveal it for dubious purposes For example a particular person s income responses cannot be handed over to a tax collection agency The agency maintains an open copyright policy stating that apart from images and content with specific copyright statement users are free to use the work provided that Statistics New Zealand is attributed 37 Methods editStatistics New Zealand uses many methods to collect process analyse and publish data The agency has statisticians and mathematicians and survey experts whose chief duty is to examine how the agency approaches various projects and to suggest ways to improve efficiency speed and accuracy Some projects require advanced statistical tools to make sense of misleading data For example sometimes seasonality distorts data For example in retail trade December is a very high month due to Christmas sales If we compare November sales with December sales we will report an increase in sales But this increase is largely due to seasonal fluctuations and is not an informative measure according to a description from their website 38 To prevent seasonal variables from distorting data statisticians sometimes use complex programs including X 12 ARIMA derived from census bureaus from the US and Canada to remove seasonal distortions 38 So with the December sales bump removed the seasonally adjusted retail sales data can reveal the true underlying trend are sales going up holding steady or declining This is important information for retailers nbsp Statistics New Zealand publishes trade information export and import data tourism and so forth This information assists government planners as well as business activity While the census counts every person the department also conducts surveys based on only a small sample of people These samples are scientifically selected to represent the larger group For example the General Social Survey chooses a select number of households approximately 8 000 which represent the nation as a whole and surveys them every two years 39 Interviewers with laptops conduct face to face interviews and the result is information about social wellbeing including housing health paid work social connectedness and human rights It sometimes conducts specialty surveys about a specific industry or topic For example it published a biotechnology survey based on a 10 page questionnaire developed by the agency using scientific samples to choose respondents the 2007 results can be downloaded to computers via the Internet This particular report uses a long list of variables such as total exports and biotechnology exports to Asia and stage of development of biotechnology processes 40 Statistical techniques such as sampling and weighting can reduce data gathering expenses while surveying although it requires careful attention by statisticians For example census counts are rather straightforward in a statistical sense since it is a straight count of bodies purchases opinions actions But it is expensive to interview everybody And there are many non census topics requiring further study which the agency is asked to do One way to reduce costs is by selecting smaller samples which hopefully represent the population being studied This is a highly cost effective way to get accurate information Choosing a good sample sometimes requires complex statistical work to make sure the sample is indeed truly representative of the population under study If conditions do not permit representative sampling but known benchmark statistics are known possibly from earlier census data it is still possible to generate accurate information by weighting the data to distort it back so to speak to compensate for the distortion caused by the unrepresentative sample For example suppose an area of Wellington has a known percentage of women say 53 which is believed to be accurate from a previous census count a study is done a few years later a sample is chosen questionnaires are processed but of the returning questionnaires 57 are women It is possible statistically to give men slightly greater weight to account for the discrepancy and the result is more accurate data The agency discusses different methodologies on its website 41 A statement explains why weighting is sometimes necessary Statistics New Zealand is improving the methodology used for the 2001 Household Economic Survey through the use of integrated weighting This is a relatively recently developed method of adjusting the statistical output of a survey to match population benchmarks In particular it takes account of under coverage in the survey of specified population groups Integrated weighting improves the robustness and accuracy of survey estimates It also reduces the effect of bias in estimates resulting from under coverage as well as reducing the level of sampling error for benchmark variables 41 nbsp Statistics New Zealand publishes data in a wide variety of formats including tables charts graphs and maps like this one which details religious affiliations 2013 All statistical work presents opportunities for error but it is possible to reduce error to manageable amounts A statement reads An important aim of our ongoing work is to understand manage control and report on all known sources of error which simply reflect the inherent variability that exists among the units we are seeking to measure This variability manifests itself in sampling error when we use samples for cost effectiveness reasons to estimate characteristics about a population Sampling errors are relatively easy to measure Other sources reflect process measurement and inference errors and are referred to as non sampling error It is not possible to eliminate all sources of error However our continued efforts at understanding and managing variability and error ensure we are exercising a high level of control on all known sources of error 42 What greatly facilitates statistical accuracy by reducing non response bias is that answering questions is sometimes required by law Some surveys must be answered This requirement lessens agency expense practically eliminates non response bias a perennial headache for most private market researchers and improves accuracy For example for the General Social Survey people are selected randomly for 10 minute phone interviews which sometimes ask personal questions such as wage and salary information But people must answer these questions and will not be paid for their time It is required by the Statistics Act 1975 This policy is substantially different from countries such as the United States where answering official surveys is rarely compulsory including responding to its census which is done every ten years Further if a person does not get a census survey for any reason he or she is still obligated to visit a local census bureau get one fill it out and return it the government cannot be held accountable for mixing up an address 43 Questionnaires can be downloaded from the Internet via the Statistics New Zealand website 44 Legislation states census forms must be filled in and signed within a stated time and returned within a stated time to the Department 45 Extensive use is made of the Internet to publish key information Users can sift through vast databases to learn about a wide variety of topics A user can learn that 89 of businesses use broadband to connect to the Internet or that 145 babies were born on Mother s Day in 2008 46 Entire reports can be downloaded as pdf files and printed on one s computer History edit nbsp In colonial times there was a Blue Book of official statistics compiled by various magistrates Here is a photo of the table of contents dated 1851 for the southern island then called New Munster Source Statistics New Zealand National Archives In the nation s early days with a small population and before the advent of powered transportation and modern telecommunications there was little need for statistics nor ability to create them In the colonial years sometimes magistrates and police officials collected data as part of their work 47 After about the 1890s the official information source presented to the public was called the New Zealand Official Yearbook compiled from various departments 47 Sometimes data about animals were collected a census of poultry ceased in 1971 one census taker on horseback drowned while crossing a river 47 In 1956 the newly created Department of Statistics had 164 employees 47 Tabulating techniques improved One source writes As both New Zealand s population and the complexity of the information sought grew so did the size of the army of temporary clerks that was employed every five years by the Census and Statistics Office to process it Sitting at long tables they added subtracted and calculated percentages From the 1890s census data was written on cards which were sorted by hand The drudgery of statistical work was gradually eased as adding and calculating machines and typewriters came into use operated mostly by women Tabulating machines were imported from the United States in the 1920s to process punched cards this too was women s work according to a book written by David Green in 2002 47 The agency grew in size Tabulating machines were replaced by mainframe computers then microcomputers then the Internet Since the early 1980s computing has been done in house and in the 1990s personal computers and the Internet revolutionised the day to day experience of work at Statistics New Zealand according to Green s book 47 Management positions have changed over time as well The post of Government Statistician was created in 1910 within the Registrar General s Office before a separate Census and Statistics Office was set up in 1913 Before 1910 most statistics for the colony or dominion as a whole were the responsibility of the Registrar General himself The well regarded economist J B Condliffe worked at the agency after First World War but no fully qualified mathematicians until after the Second when in house training in statistical methods also began Since 1910 the post of Government Statistician has been held by different persons From 1955 until 1994 the agency was known as the Department of Statistics until the name was changed to the current one Government statisticians edit 1910 1911 William Marcus Wright 48 1911 1932 Malcolm Fraser 48 1932 1946 Jim Butcher 48 1946 1958 George Wood 48 1958 1969 John V T Baker 48 1969 1973 Jack Lewin 49 1973 1980 Ernie Harris 1980 1984 John Darwin 1984 1992 Steve Kuzmicich 1992 1999 Len Cook 1999 2007 Brian Pink 2007 2013 Geoff Bascand 50 2013 2020 Liz MacPherson 51 2020 present Mark Sowden 52 The agency has grown in size and sophistication from its early beginnings As times change information needs change accordingly For example in the late 1990s and early 2000s politicians became interested in the concept of sustainable development The agency found ways to measure these trends to provide helpful information for planners In August 2002 it published its first report on Sustainable Development Indicators which measured variables such as water quality energy usage sustainability of cities and youth development 53 Environment Minister Marian Hobbs said in 2003 the growth we have must be sustained over a number of generations Therefore we need to plan for that growth so that we don t add to our problems 54 As the department moves into the future and if the past is an indication of the future it is likely to continue its trajectory of larger size more responsibility increased technical sophistication via Internet and broadband tools The 2011 national census was cancelled due to the disruption and displacement of people caused by the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake 55 The census was rescheduled and took place on 5 March 2013 On 13 August 2019 the Chief Statistician Liz MacPherson resigned following the release of a report criticising the department s handling of the 2018 New Zealand census Due to a decision to conduct the census solely online the 2018 Census only attracted an 83 response rate well short of the 94 Census percent target and a nine percent drop from the previous 2013 Census 56 57 58 References edit Annual Report 2020 Statistics New Zealand 30 June 2020 Total Appropriations for Each Vote Budget 2019 The Treasury 30 May 2019 Retrieved 8 June 2019 Statistics New Zealand Careers Statistics New Zealand July 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 a b c d e f g Organisational chart 2012 PDF Statistics New Zealand 27 November 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 9 February 2013 Retrieved 2 January 2013 http www stats govt nz about us who we are policies and protocols aspx 2018 Census Stats NZ 2023 Census Stats NZ www stats govt nz Retrieved 27 January 2024 a b 2018 Census place summaries Stats NZ www stats govt nz Archived from the original on 20 April 2022 Retrieved 27 April 2022 Stats NZ archive website Stats NZ Ethnicity Stats NZ 2018 Census place summaries Stats NZ Archived from the original on 20 April 2022 Retrieved 20 April 2022 Commuting Patterns in New Zealand 1996 2006 Statistics New Zealand July 2009 Archived from the original on 13 August 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 A Z listing of statistics Federal Reserve Bank of New Zealand July 2009 Archived from the original on 1 June 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 Release calendar August 2009 Statistics New Zealand July 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 Statistics New Zealand website Statistics New Zealand July 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 New Zealand Data CD Caliper Corporation 2008 Archived from the original on 15 August 2009 Retrieved 1 August 2009 a b New Zealand women stop having babies Sunday Star Times 30 March 2008 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Young People and Gangs in New Zealand see footnote 2 New Zealand Parliament 3 April 2009 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Keith Newman 2007 Connecting the Clouds the Internet in New Zealand footnotes ch 1 11 ch 8 3 nethistory co nz Archived from the original on 8 September 2009 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Errol Kiong 3 October 2008 Housing slump puts DIY stores at risk The New Zealand Herald Retrieved 3 August 2009 Programme Transcript Radio New Zealand National 22 July 2001 Retrieved 3 August 2009 dead link Activist wants right to tick gay box gay co nz 25 February 2006 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Statistics New Zealand is considering including a question on sexual orientation in future censuses Asexuality Aotearoa New Zealand AANZ website 2009 Archived from the original on 12 September 2009 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Sexual Orientation Focus Group Research Statistics New Zealand 2006 Archived from the original on 9 March 2013 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Lazy media run crime statistics propaganda without revealing National Party as source Poneke s Weblog 31 December 2007 Archived from the original on 15 October 2008 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Tutorial Table Builder tool Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 25 April 2009 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Table Builder tool Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 3 August 2009 Retrieved 9 August 2009 Table Builder Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 18 March 2009 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Age Group by Sex for the Census Night Population Count 1996 2001 and 2006 Statistics New Zealand 2006 Archived from the original on 18 March 2009 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Classification Code Finder Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 13 January 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2015 Maternity Snapshot 2007 Table 1 Number of mothers and live births in 2007 by data source Provisional New Zealand Health Information Service July 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 Cultural Policy in New Zealand 2007 Ministry for Culture and Heritage July 2007 Archived from the original on 19 October 2008 Retrieved 3 August 2009 Our strategic direction Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 20 January 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2015 Commuterview New Zealand 2006 Census of Population and Dwellings Statistics New Zealand July 2006 Archived from the original on 5 August 2009 Retrieved 1 August 2009 a b Our values Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 20 January 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2015 Statistics Act 1975 Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 14 January 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2015 Copyright and terms of use Statistics NZ a b Seasonal adjustment within Statistics New Zealand article Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 9 March 2013 Retrieved 1 August 2009 New Zealand General Social Survey Statistics New Zealand Retrieved 5 April 2013 Biotechnology Statistics New Zealand Statistics New Zealand July 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 a b The Introduction of Integrated Weighting to the 200 2001 Household Economic Survey Statistics New Zealand August 2009 Archived from the original on 28 August 2009 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Non Sampling Error in Economic Surveys at Statistics New Zealand Statistics New Zealand August 2009 Archived from the original on 9 March 2013 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Duty of persons to obtain census schedule part 3 section 25 Government of New Zealand Parliament 3 September 2007 Retrieved 1 August 2009 2013 Census definitions and forms Statistics New Zealand Archived from the original on 25 November 2014 Retrieved 7 January 2015 Statistics Act 1975 No 1 As at 07 August 2020 Public Act 25 Duty of persons to obtain census schedule New Zealand Legislation Interesting statistics scrolling window Statistics New Zealand July 2009 Retrieved 31 July 2009 a b c d e f David Green 2002 A snapshot history of Statistics New Zealand Statistics Count An Illustrated History of Statistics New Zealand Retrieved 2 August 2009 a b c d e John Victor Tuwhakahewa Baker Statistics Official from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand edited by A H McLintock originally published in 1966 Hicks Colin Lewin John Philip 1915 1990 Dictionary of New Zealand Biography Ministry for Culture and Heritage Retrieved 9 April 2011 Appointment of Chief Executive and Government Statistician for Statistics New Zealand Archived 24 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine media statement from State Services Commissioner Mark Prebble 21 May 2007 retrieved 10 June 2007 New Statistics New Zealand Chief Executive Appointed Archived 15 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine statement from State Services Commission 18 June 2013 retrieved 29 October 2018 Data leadership Stats NZ www stats govt nz Retrieved 14 March 2023 Measuring Sustainable Development Integrated Economic Environmental and Social Frameworks p 205 OECD 2004 ISBN 9789264020122 Retrieved 1 August 2009 Marian Hobbs 31 January 2003 Sustainable Development Programme of Action Government of New Zealand Retrieved 1 August 2009 2011 Census cancelled due to quake TVNZ Retrieved 25 February 2011 Head of Stats NZ Liz MacPherson resigns over botched census Radio New Zealand 13 August 2019 Retrieved 13 August 2019 Manch Thomas 13 August 2019 Census 2018 Chief Statistician Liz MacPherson has resigned Stuff co nz Retrieved 13 August 2019 Whyte Anna 13 August 2019 Government s top statistician resigns in wake of Census 2018 debacle 1 News Now Retrieved 13 August 2019 External links editOfficial website Digital yearbook collection at Statistics New Zealand Statisphere Portal to New Zealand Official Statistics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Statistics New Zealand amp oldid 1216492003, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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