Tihāmat is the Proto-Semitic language's term for 'sea'. Tiamat (or Tehom, in masculine form) was the ancient Mesopotamian god of the sea and of chaos. The word appears in the Hebrew Bible as təhōm (Genesis 1:2), meaning "primordial ocean, abyss".[2]
History
This section needs expansion with: post-Muhammad era. You can help by adding to it. (May 2020)
During the era of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, many military expeditions took place here including the Battle of Hamra al-Asad and caravan raids. Beginning in January 623 CE, some of the Muslims resorted to the tradition of raiding the Meccan caravans that traveled along the eastern coast of the Red Sea from Mecca to the Syrian region.[3]
While at Ḥamra' al-Asad (حَمْرَاء ٱلْأَسَد), Muhammad made an agreement with Mabad al-Khuzaah at Tihamah, in which Mabad pledged not to conceal anything from him. Mabad was then sent to Mecca to dissuade Abu Sufyan ibn Harb from fighting.[4]: 341 In Mecca, Mabad met with Abu Sufyan and exaggerated that Muhammad had gathered a great force to fight Abu Sufyan. Abu Sufyan and his companions were planning a massive and decisive attack on Medina to finish off the Muslims once and for all. Hearing Mabad's talk of the great military strength of Muhammad, Abu Sufyan retreated from his plan of an immediate attack on the Muslims. In this fashion Muhammad successfully managed to prevent the massive onslaught the Meccans were planning.[5][4]: 342
Geography
The Tihami coastal plain in the south of Yemen, 1931
The region is sometimes subdivided into two parts, Tihāmat Al-Ḥijaz (تِهَامَة ٱلْحِجَاز; northern part) and Tihāmat ʿAsīr (تِهَامَة عَسِيْر; southern part).[1] The Yemeni part (Arabic: تِهَامَة ٱلْيَمَن, romanized: Tihāmat Al-Yaman) is an extension of Tihamat ʿAsir.[6] The plain is constricted and attains its greatest widths (60 to 80 km (37 to 50 mi)) south of Medina and Mecca.[1] The cities of Yanbu, Jeddah and Al Qunfudhah are located in the Hijazi part of the Tihamah. The Asiri-Yemeni part of the Tihami plain includes the cities of Jizan and Al Hudaydah. The temperatures in Tihamah are probably some of the hottest on earth. Tihamah in Arabic means severe heat and lack of wind.[7]
Flora
Date palm trees on the Yemeni coast of the Red Sea
The extensive sandy coastal plain (the Tihamah) is a hot and inhospitable area parallel to the Red Sea, and most of it, north of Zabid (Yemen), is devoid of trees. However, in a few places there is dense shrub composed almost exclusively of Acacia ehrenbergiana and it may be assumed that this was originally the dominant natural vegetation of the Tihamah. Salvadora persica occurs in thickets, and there are odd trees of Balanites aegyptiaca and colonies of wild doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica), as well as planted date palms (Phoenix dactylifera).[8]
Archaeology
Over sixteen megalithicmenhirs were discovered by Edward Keall, director of the Royal Ontario Museum's Canadian Archaeological Mission near the village of Al-Mutaynah (ٱلْمُتَيْنَة) in the Tihami area. The stones were made of granite and weighted up to 20 tonnes (20,000 kg). Three of the upright stones measured around 8 feet (2.4 m) tall with one fallen being over 20 metres (66 ft) in length. Copper tools suggested to date to the same era as the construction of the stones were dated to around 2400 to 1800 BCE. An even more archaic lithicindustry was found along with pottery sherds that were dated between 1200 and 800 BCE.[9]
^ abc"Arabia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 March 2013. The Red Sea coastal plain is constricted throughout its length, attaining its greatest widths, 40 to 50 miles, south of Medina and south of Mecca. The name Tihāmah, used for the whole plain, is sometimes subdivided into Tihāmat Al-Ḥijāz and Tihāmat ʿAsīr.
^"Yemen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 March 2013. Yemen may be divided into five major regions: a coastal plain running north-south known as the Tihāmah (an extension of the Tihāmat ʿAsīr), the western highlands, the central mountains (the Yemen Highlands), the eastern highlands, and finally the eastern and northeastern desert regions.
^Dr. Shawqi Abu Khalil (2004). Atlas on the prophet's Biography. Darussalam. p. 31. ISBN9-9608-9771-0. Retrieved 20 March 2013. It is so called because of its severe heat and lack of wind, from the word At-Taham which refers to extreme heat and lack of wind.
^Hepper, F.N. (July 1978). "Were There Forests in the Yemen?". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 9 (1979): 65–71. JSTOR 41223217.
tihamah, tihama, arabic, ام, tihāmah, refers, coastal, plain, arabian, peninsula, from, gulf, aqaba, mandeb, ام, tihāmahabove, jeddah, saudi, part, below, arabian, peninsula, with, western, tihami, region, greenregionarabian, peninsulacountriessaudi, arabiayem. Tihamah or Tihama Arabic ت ه ام ة Tihamah refers to the Red Sea coastal plain of the Arabian Peninsula from the Gulf of Aqaba to the Bab el Mandeb 1 Tihamah ت ه ام ة TihamahAbove Jeddah in the Saudi part of the Tihamah Below A map of the Arabian Peninsula with the western Tihami region in greenRegionArabian PeninsulaCountriesSaudi ArabiaYemenCitiesJeddah Yanbu Al Qunfudhah Jizan Midi Al Hudaydah and Al Makha Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Era of Muhammad 3 Geography 4 Flora 5 Archaeology 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEtymology EditTihamat is the Proto Semitic language s term for sea Tiamat or Tehom in masculine form was the ancient Mesopotamian god of the sea and of chaos The word appears in the Hebrew Bible as tehōm Genesis 1 2 meaning primordial ocean abyss 2 History EditThis section needs expansion with post Muhammad era You can help by adding to it May 2020 Era of Muhammad Edit Main article List of expeditions of Muhammad During the era of the Islamic prophet Muhammad many military expeditions took place here including the Battle of Hamra al Asad and caravan raids Beginning in January 623 CE some of the Muslims resorted to the tradition of raiding the Meccan caravans that traveled along the eastern coast of the Red Sea from Mecca to the Syrian region 3 While at Ḥamra al Asad ح م ر اء ٱل أ س د Muhammad made an agreement with Mabad al Khuzaah at Tihamah in which Mabad pledged not to conceal anything from him Mabad was then sent to Mecca to dissuade Abu Sufyan ibn Harb from fighting 4 341 In Mecca Mabad met with Abu Sufyan and exaggerated that Muhammad had gathered a great force to fight Abu Sufyan Abu Sufyan and his companions were planning a massive and decisive attack on Medina to finish off the Muslims once and for all Hearing Mabad s talk of the great military strength of Muhammad Abu Sufyan retreated from his plan of an immediate attack on the Muslims In this fashion Muhammad successfully managed to prevent the massive onslaught the Meccans were planning 5 4 342 Geography Edit The Tihami coastal plain in the south of Yemen 1931 The region is sometimes subdivided into two parts Tihamat Al Ḥijaz ت ه ام ة ٱل ح ج از northern part and Tihamat ʿAsir ت ه ام ة ع س ي ر southern part 1 The Yemeni part Arabic ت ه ام ة ٱل ي م ن romanized Tihamat Al Yaman is an extension of Tihamat ʿAsir 6 The plain is constricted and attains its greatest widths 60 to 80 km 37 to 50 mi south of Medina and Mecca 1 The cities of Yanbu Jeddah and Al Qunfudhah are located in the Hijazi part of the Tihamah The Asiri Yemeni part of the Tihami plain includes the cities of Jizan and Al Hudaydah The temperatures in Tihamah are probably some of the hottest on earth Tihamah in Arabic means severe heat and lack of wind 7 Flora Edit Date palm trees on the Yemeni coast of the Red Sea The extensive sandy coastal plain the Tihamah is a hot and inhospitable area parallel to the Red Sea and most of it north of Zabid Yemen is devoid of trees However in a few places there is dense shrub composed almost exclusively of Acacia ehrenbergiana and it may be assumed that this was originally the dominant natural vegetation of the Tihamah Salvadora persica occurs in thickets and there are odd trees of Balanites aegyptiaca and colonies of wild doum palm Hyphaene thebaica as well as planted date palms Phoenix dactylifera 8 Archaeology EditOver sixteen megalithic menhirs were discovered by Edward Keall director of the Royal Ontario Museum s Canadian Archaeological Mission near the village of Al Mutaynah ٱل م ت ي ن ة in the Tihami area The stones were made of granite and weighted up to 20 tonnes 20 000 kg Three of the upright stones measured around 8 feet 2 4 m tall with one fallen being over 20 metres 66 ft in length Copper tools suggested to date to the same era as the construction of the stones were dated to around 2400 to 1800 BCE An even more archaic lithic industry was found along with pottery sherds that were dated between 1200 and 800 BCE 9 See also EditAl Harrah Saudi Arabia Idrisid Emirate of Asir Kingdom of Hejaz List of battles of Muhammad Najahids Najd Rasulids Sulaymanids Sarat Mountains Asir Mountains Fifa Mountains Hijaz Mountains Midian MountainsReferences Edit a b c Arabia Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 20 March 2013 The Red Sea coastal plain is constricted throughout its length attaining its greatest widths 40 to 50 miles south of Medina and south of Mecca The name Tihamah used for the whole plain is sometimes subdivided into Tihamat Al Ḥijaz and Tihamat ʿAsir Stefan Weninger ed 2011 Semitic languages an international handbook Berlin Boston Walter de Gruyter GmbH amp Co KG Lapidus Ira M 2002 A History of Islamic Societies Cambridge University Press p 27 ISBN 978 0 5217 7933 3 a b Al Mubarakpuri Saifur Rahman 2002 The sealed nectar biography of the Noble Prophet Darussalam Publications pp 341 342 ISBN 978 9960 899 55 8 Habriel Richard A 2005 Muhammad Islams first Great general Blackwell p 124 ISBN 978 0 8061 3860 2 Yemen Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 20 March 2013 Yemen may be divided into five major regions a coastal plain running north south known as the Tihamah an extension of the Tihamat ʿAsir the western highlands the central mountains the Yemen Highlands the eastern highlands and finally the eastern and northeastern desert regions Dr Shawqi Abu Khalil 2004 Atlas on the prophet s Biography Darussalam p 31 ISBN 9 9608 9771 0 Retrieved 20 March 2013 It is so called because of its severe heat and lack of wind from the word At Taham which refers to extreme heat and lack of wind Hepper F N July 1978 Were There Forests in the Yemen Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 9 1979 65 71 JSTOR 41223217 Harrington Spencer P M December 10 1997 Yemeni Megaliths Archaeology the Archaeological Institute of AmericaFurther reading EditThesieger Wilfred 1947 A Journey Through the Tihama the Asir and the Hijaz Mountains The Geographical Journal The Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers 110 4 6 188 200 doi 10 2307 1789949 JSTOR 1789949 External links Edit History portal Asia portal Saudi Arabia portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tihamah Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tihamah amp oldid 1100369407, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
