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Thurgau

January 20, 2023

Thurgau (German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] (listen); French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, more formally[3] the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts and its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau
Canton
Canton of Thurgau
Kanton Thurgau (German)
Flag
Coat of arms
Location in Switzerland
Map of Thurgau

Coordinates: 47°35′N 9°4′E / 47.583°N 9.067°E / 47.583; 9.067Coordinates: 47°35′N 9°4′E / 47.583°N 9.067°E / 47.583; 9.067
CapitalFrauenfeld
Subdivisions80 municipalities, 5 districts
Government
 • ExecutiveRegierungsrat (5)
 • LegislativeGrosser Rat (130)
Area
[1]
 • Total991.77 km2 (382.92 sq mi)
Population
 (December 2020)[2]
 • Total282,909
 • Density290/km2 (740/sq mi)
ISO 3166 codeCH-TG
Highest point991 m (3,251 ft): Hohgrat
Lowest point370 m (1,214 ft): Thur at the cantonal border in Neunforn
Joined1803
LanguagesGerman
Websitewww.tg.ch

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named for the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909.[2] In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 (or 19.9% of the population) who were resident foreigners.[4]

History

Main article: History of Thurgau

In prehistoric times the lands of the canton were inhabited by people of the Pfyn culture along Lake Constance. During Roman times the canton was part of the province Raetia until in 450 the lands were settled by the Alamanni.

In the 6th century Thurgovia became a Gau of the Frankish Empire as part of Alemannia, passing to the Duchy of Swabia in the early 10th century. At this time, Thurgovia included not just what is now the canton of Thurgau, but also much of the territory of the modern canton of St. Gallen, the Appenzell and the eastern parts of the canton of Zurich.

The most important cities of Thurgovia in the early medieval period were Constance as the seat of the bishop, and St. Gallen for its abbey.

The dukes of Zähringen and the counts of Kyburg took over much of the land in the High Middle Ages. The town of Zürich was part of the Thurgau until it became reichsunmittelbar in 1218.[dubious – discuss] When the Kyburg dynasty became extinct in 1264 the Habsburgs took over that land.

The Old Swiss Confederacy allied with ten freed bailiwicks of the former Toggenburg seized the lands of the Thurgau from the Habsburgs in 1460, and it became a subject territory of seven Swiss cantons (Zurich, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug and Glarus).

During the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland, both the Catholic and emerging Reformed parties sought to swing the subject territories, such as the Thurgau, to their side. In 1524, in an incident that resonated across Switzerland, local peasants occupied the cloister of Ittingen in the Thurgau, driving out the monks, destroying documents, and devastating the wine-cellar. Between 1526 and 1531, most of the Thurgau's population adopted the new Reformed faith spreading from Zurich; Zurich's defeat in the War of Kappel (1531) ended Reformed predominance. Instead, the First Peace of Kappel protected both Catholic and Reformed worship, though the provisions of the treaty generally favored the Catholics, who also made up a majority among the seven ruling cantons. Religious tensions over the Thurgau were an important background to the First War of Villmergen (1656), during which Zurich briefly occupied the Thurgau.

In 1798 the land became a canton for the first time as part of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803, as part of the Act of Mediation, the canton of Thurgau became a member of the Swiss confederation. The cantonal coat of arms was designed in 1803, based on the coat of arms of the House of Kyburg which ruled the Thurgau in the 13th century, changing the background to green-and-white, at the time considered "revolutionary" colours (c.f. tricolour); as the placement of a yellow (or) charge on white (argent) is a violation of heraldic principles, there have been suggestions to modify the design, including a 1938 suggestion to use a solid green field divided by a diagonal white line, but they were not successful.

The current cantonal constitution of Thurgau dates from 1987.

Geography

 
View of Untersee (Lake Constance) near Eschenz with the German shore beyond. Lake Constance and the river Rhine mark the northern border of the canton.

To the north the canton is bound by the Lake Constance across which lies Germany (Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria) and Austria (Vorarlberg). The Rhine creates the border in the northwest. To the south lies the canton of St. Gallen; to the west lie the cantons of Zürich and Schaffhausen.

The area of the canton is 991 km2 (383 sq mi) and commonly divided into three hill masses. One of these stretches along Lake Constance in the north. Another is further inland between the Thur and the river Murg. The third one forms the southern border of the canton and merges with the Hörnli mountain in the pre-Alps.

Demographics

The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 282,909.[2] The canton is mostly German speaking. The population (as of 2000) is split between Protestants (45%) and Roman Catholics (36%).[5]

Historical population

The historical population is given in the following table:

Historic Population Data[6]
Year Total Population Swiss Non-Swiss Population share
of total country
1850 88 908 87 006 1 902 3.7%
1880 99 231 92 120 7 111 3.5%
1900 113 221 98 183 15 038 3.4%
1950 149 738 139 990 9 748 3.2%
1970 182 835 148 792 34 043 2.9%
2000 228 875 183 942 44 933 3.1%
2020 282,909 3.3%

Political subdivisions

Districts

 
The five districts, since 2011
 
The eight former districts, prior to 2011

Since January 2011, Thurgau has been divided into five districts which are named after their capitals. Before this date, there were eight districts - (Steckborn District, Bischofszell District and Diessenhofen District formed their own districts with their surrounding municipalities).[7]

Municipalities

Main article: Municipalities of the canton of Thurgau

As of 2009, there are 80 municipalities in the canton.[8] The ten largest municipalities by population are:

Politics

Federal election results

Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the National Council Elections 1971–2015[9]
Party Ideology 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015
FDP.The Liberalsa Classical liberalism 16.9 14.4 16.9 18.3 18.5 16.5 15.3 14.7 11.9 12.1 11.2 13.0
CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD Christian democracy 23.4 22.3 24.6 21.6 20.4 16.5 13.0 15.7 16.5 15.2 14.4 13.1
SP/PS Social democracy 20.7 21.6 22.4 19.5 13.4 15.1 18.1 16.1 14.1 11.7 12.1 12.7
SVP/UDC Swiss nationalism 26.0 25.1 26.4 22.8 21.7 23.7 27.0 33.2 41.0 42.3 38.7 39.9
Ring of Independents Social liberalism * b 6.6 5.3 3.9 2.6 3.3 * * * * * *
EVP/PEV Christian democracy * * * 5.3 * 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.3
GLP/PVL Green liberalism * * * * * * * * * * 5.2 6.2
BDP/PBD Conservatism * * * * * * * * * * 5.0 3.8
POCH Progressivism * * * * 0.2 * * * * * * *
GPS/PES Green politics * * * 5.9 10.8 9.0 9.3 6.2 7.9 10.2 7.0 5.4
SD/DS National conservatism 4.2 2.5 1.9 2.7 * 3.5 4.8 2.5 2.9 1.9 * *
Rep. Right-wing populism 8.8 7.6 2.0 * * * * * * * * *
EDU/UDF Christian right * * * * * * * 1.9 1.9 2.6 3.5 3.4
FPS/PSL Right-wing populism * * * * 6.4 8.7 8.0 2.7 0.3 * * *
Other * * 0.4 * 6.0 0.5 1.9 4.3 0.7 1.1 * 0.2
Voter participation % 62.0 56.6 48.3 52.7 48.5 47.1 44.1 44.6 42.9 46.9 46.7 46.6
^a FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009
^b "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.

Economy

The canton of Thurgau is known for its agricultural produce. Particularly, apples, pears, fruits and vegetables are well-known. The many orchards in the canton are mainly used for the production of cider. Wine is produced in the Thur valley.

There is also industry in the canton of Thurgau. The main industries are printing, textiles and handicrafts. Small and middle-sized businesses are important for the cantonal economy. Many of these are concentrated around the capital.

Notes and references

  1. ^ Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen accessed 27 October 2017
  2. ^ a b c "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  3. ^ Welcome to the Canton of Thurgau!, Migration Office Department of Integration, tg.ch. Retrieved 2021-01-30
  4. ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2008). . Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  5. ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2004). . Archived from the original (Interactive Map) on 2016-09-24. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
  6. ^ "Thurgau". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German). Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  8. ^ . Office fédéral de la statistique. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
  9. ^ (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-08-02. Retrieved 2016-08-08.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canton of Thurgau.


January 20, 2023
thurgau, german, ˈtuːrɡaʊ, listen, french, thurgovie, italian, turgovia, anglicized, thurgovia, more, formally, canton, cantons, forming, swiss, confederation, composed, five, districts, capital, frauenfeld, cantoncanton, kanton, german, flagcoat, armslocation. Thurgau German ˈtuːrɡaʊ listen French Thurgovie Italian Turgovia anglicized as Thurgovia more formally 3 the Canton of Thurgau is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation It is composed of five districts and its capital is Frauenfeld ThurgauCantonCanton of ThurgauKanton Thurgau German FlagCoat of armsLocation in Switzerland Map of ThurgauCoordinates 47 35 N 9 4 E 47 583 N 9 067 E 47 583 9 067 Coordinates 47 35 N 9 4 E 47 583 N 9 067 E 47 583 9 067CapitalFrauenfeldSubdivisions80 municipalities 5 districtsGovernment ExecutiveRegierungsrat 5 LegislativeGrosser Rat 130 Area 1 Total991 77 km2 382 92 sq mi Population December 2020 2 Total282 909 Density290 km2 740 sq mi ISO 3166 codeCH TGHighest point991 m 3 251 ft HohgratLowest point370 m 1 214 ft Thur at the cantonal border in NeunfornJoined1803LanguagesGermanWebsitewww wbr tg wbr chThurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland It is named for the river Thur and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area including part of this river s basin upstream of the modern canton The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798 The population as of December 2020 update is 282 909 2 In 2007 there were a total of 47 390 or 19 9 of the population who were resident foreigners 4 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Demographics 3 1 Historical population 4 Political subdivisions 4 1 Districts 4 2 Municipalities 5 Politics 5 1 Federal election results 6 Economy 7 Notes and references 8 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Thurgau In prehistoric times the lands of the canton were inhabited by people of the Pfyn culture along Lake Constance During Roman times the canton was part of the province Raetia until in 450 the lands were settled by the Alamanni In the 6th century Thurgovia became a Gau of the Frankish Empire as part of Alemannia passing to the Duchy of Swabia in the early 10th century At this time Thurgovia included not just what is now the canton of Thurgau but also much of the territory of the modern canton of St Gallen the Appenzell and the eastern parts of the canton of Zurich The most important cities of Thurgovia in the early medieval period were Constance as the seat of the bishop and St Gallen for its abbey The dukes of Zahringen and the counts of Kyburg took over much of the land in the High Middle Ages The town of Zurich was part of the Thurgau until it became reichsunmittelbar in 1218 dubious discuss When the Kyburg dynasty became extinct in 1264 the Habsburgs took over that land The Old Swiss Confederacy allied with ten freed bailiwicks of the former Toggenburg seized the lands of the Thurgau from the Habsburgs in 1460 and it became a subject territory of seven Swiss cantons Zurich Lucerne Uri Schwyz Unterwalden Zug and Glarus During the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland both the Catholic and emerging Reformed parties sought to swing the subject territories such as the Thurgau to their side In 1524 in an incident that resonated across Switzerland local peasants occupied the cloister of Ittingen in the Thurgau driving out the monks destroying documents and devastating the wine cellar Between 1526 and 1531 most of the Thurgau s population adopted the new Reformed faith spreading from Zurich Zurich s defeat in the War of Kappel 1531 ended Reformed predominance Instead the First Peace of Kappel protected both Catholic and Reformed worship though the provisions of the treaty generally favored the Catholics who also made up a majority among the seven ruling cantons Religious tensions over the Thurgau were an important background to the First War of Villmergen 1656 during which Zurich briefly occupied the Thurgau In 1798 the land became a canton for the first time as part of the Helvetic Republic In 1803 as part of the Act of Mediation the canton of Thurgau became a member of the Swiss confederation The cantonal coat of arms was designed in 1803 based on the coat of arms of the House of Kyburg which ruled the Thurgau in the 13th century changing the background to green and white at the time considered revolutionary colours c f tricolour as the placement of a yellow or charge on white argent is a violation of heraldic principles there have been suggestions to modify the design including a 1938 suggestion to use a solid green field divided by a diagonal white line but they were not successful The current cantonal constitution of Thurgau dates from 1987 Geography Edit View of Untersee Lake Constance near Eschenz with the German shore beyond Lake Constance and the river Rhine mark the northern border of the canton To the north the canton is bound by the Lake Constance across which lies Germany Baden Wurttemberg and Bavaria and Austria Vorarlberg The Rhine creates the border in the northwest To the south lies the canton of St Gallen to the west lie the cantons of Zurich and Schaffhausen The area of the canton is 991 km2 383 sq mi and commonly divided into three hill masses One of these stretches along Lake Constance in the north Another is further inland between the Thur and the river Murg The third one forms the southern border of the canton and merges with the Hornli mountain in the pre Alps Demographics EditThe population of the canton as of 31 December 2020 is 282 909 2 The canton is mostly German speaking The population as of 2000 update is split between Protestants 45 and Roman Catholics 36 5 Historical population Edit The historical population is given in the following table Historic Population Data 6 Year Total Population Swiss Non Swiss Population share of total country1850 88 908 87 006 1 902 3 7 1880 99 231 92 120 7 111 3 5 1900 113 221 98 183 15 038 3 4 1950 149 738 139 990 9 748 3 2 1970 182 835 148 792 34 043 2 9 2000 228 875 183 942 44 933 3 1 2020 282 909 3 3 Political subdivisions EditDistricts Edit The five districts since 2011 The eight former districts prior to 2011 Since January 2011 Thurgau has been divided into five districts which are named after their capitals Before this date there were eight districts Steckborn District Bischofszell District and Diessenhofen District formed their own districts with their surrounding municipalities 7 Frauenfeld District with capital Frauenfeld Kreuzlingen District with capital Kreuzlingen Weinfelden District with capital Weinfelden Munchwilen District with capital Munchwilen Arbon District with capital ArbonMunicipalities Edit Main article Municipalities of the canton of Thurgau As of 2009 update there are 80 municipalities in the canton 8 The ten largest municipalities by population are 1 Frauenfeld population 25 974 2 Kreuzlingen population 22 390 3 Arbon population 14 950 4 Amriswil population 14 211 5 Weinfelden population 11 629 6 Romanshorn population 11 327 7 Aadorf population 9 216 8 Sirnach population 7 901 9 Bischofszell population 5 907 10 Munchwilen population 5 830Politics EditFederal election results Edit Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the National Council Elections 1971 2015 9 Party Ideology 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015FDP The Liberalsa Classical liberalism 16 9 14 4 16 9 18 3 18 5 16 5 15 3 14 7 11 9 12 1 11 2 13 0CVP PDC PPD PCD Christian democracy 23 4 22 3 24 6 21 6 20 4 16 5 13 0 15 7 16 5 15 2 14 4 13 1SP PS Social democracy 20 7 21 6 22 4 19 5 13 4 15 1 18 1 16 1 14 1 11 7 12 1 12 7SVP UDC Swiss nationalism 26 0 25 1 26 4 22 8 21 7 23 7 27 0 33 2 41 0 42 3 38 7 39 9Ring of Independents Social liberalism b 6 6 5 3 3 9 2 6 3 3 EVP PEV Christian democracy 5 3 3 2 2 7 2 8 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 3GLP PVL Green liberalism 5 2 6 2BDP PBD Conservatism 5 0 3 8POCH Progressivism 0 2 GPS PES Green politics 5 9 10 8 9 0 9 3 6 2 7 9 10 2 7 0 5 4SD DS National conservatism 4 2 2 5 1 9 2 7 3 5 4 8 2 5 2 9 1 9 Rep Right wing populism 8 8 7 6 2 0 EDU UDF Christian right 1 9 1 9 2 6 3 5 3 4FPS PSL Right wing populism 6 4 8 7 8 0 2 7 0 3 Other 0 4 6 0 0 5 1 9 4 3 0 7 1 1 0 2Voter participation 62 0 56 6 48 3 52 7 48 5 47 1 44 1 44 6 42 9 46 9 46 7 46 6 a FDP before 2009 FDP The Liberals after 2009 b indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton Economy EditThe canton of Thurgau is known for its agricultural produce Particularly apples pears fruits and vegetables are well known The many orchards in the canton are mainly used for the production of cider Wine is produced in the Thur valley There is also industry in the canton of Thurgau The main industries are printing textiles and handicrafts Small and middle sized businesses are important for the cantonal economy Many of these are concentrated around the capital Notes and references Edit Arealstatistik Land Cover Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen accessed 27 October 2017 a b c Standige und nichtstandige Wohnbevolkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen Geburtsort und Staatsangehorigkeit bfs admin ch in German Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT TAB 31 December 2020 Retrieved 21 September 2021 Welcome to the Canton of Thurgau Migration Office Department of Integration tg ch Retrieved 2021 01 30 Federal Department of Statistics 2008 Standige Wohnbevolkerung nach Staatsangehorigkeit Geschlecht und Kantonen Archived from the original Microsoft Excel on 15 December 2008 Retrieved 5 November 2008 Federal Department of Statistics 2004 Wohnbevolkerung nach Religion Archived from the original Interactive Map on 2016 09 24 Retrieved 2009 01 15 Thurgau Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz in German Retrieved 2022 01 25 Kanton Thurgau gt Bezirke und Gemeinden Archived from the original on 2012 02 18 Retrieved 2012 01 29 Liste officielle des communes de la Suisse 01 01 2008 Office federal de la statistique Archived from the original on 12 June 2009 Retrieved 15 December 2008 Nationalratswahlen Starke der Parteien nach Kantonen Schweiz 100 Report Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2015 Archived from the original on 2016 08 02 Retrieved 2016 08 08 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canton of Thurgau Official website in German Official statistics Coolidge William Augustus Brevoort 1911 Thurgau Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed pp 899 900 Portal Switzerland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thurgau amp oldid 1111136299, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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