Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī was born in the village of Subk in Egypt.[1] He received his Islamic education in Cairo by such scholars as Ibn Rif'a in Sacred Law, al-Iraqi in Qur'anic exegesis and al-Dimyati in hadith.[4] He also traveled to acquire knowledge of hadith from the scholars of Syria, Alexandria and the Hijaz.[4] Eventually he taught at the Mansuriyya school located in the Ibn Tulun's mosque.[1]
Chief Judge of Syria and Death
Having left Egypt in his youth, al-Subkī settled down in Syria where he rose through the ranks to the position of chief judge of Syria, the preacher of the Umayyad mosque at Damascus and a professor in several colleges.[3] He presided as chief judge for seventeen years, at the end of which he became ill, was replaced by his son Taj al-Din al-Subkī and returned to Cairo where he died in 756 / 1355[4]
Students
Al-Subki had plenty of students with some becoming prominent scholars of their time and his most famous students were:
Subkī belonged to the SunniAsh'ari school of theology and in line with his school strongly opposed anthropomorphism.[8] He also vehemently defended the Ashari view that Paradise and Hell Fire are eternal and to that end wrote a comprehensive treatise entitled "Al-I'tibar" in which he stated that: "The doctrine of the Muslims is that the Garden and the Fire will not pass away. Abu Muhammad ibn Hazm has transmitted that this is held by consensus and that whoever opposes it is an unbeliever by consensus". Subkī reiterates this elsewhere in the treatise although he is careful to clarify that he does not label any particular person an unbeliever.[9]
Reception
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami said about him: “the mujtahid Imam whose imamate, greatness, and having reached the level of ijtihad are agreed upon,” and by Al-Dhahabi as “the most learned, eloquent, and wisest in judgement of all the sheikhs of the age.”[10]
“He devoted himself to writing and giving legal opinion, authoring more than 150 works, his writings displaying his profound knowledge of hadith and other fields and his magisterial command of the Islamic sciences. He educated the foremost scholars of his time, was a painstaking, accurate, and penetrating researcher, and a brilliant debater in the disciplines. No previous scholar attained to his achievements in Sacred Law, of masterful inferences, subtleties in detail, and carefully worked-out methodological principles.”
“People say that no one like him had appeared since Ghazali, though in my opinion they thereby do him an injustice, for to my mind he does not resemble anyone less than Sufyan al-Thawri.” With his vast erudition, he was at the same time a godfearing ascetic in his personal life who was devoted to worship and mysticism, though vigilant and uncompromising in matters of religion and ready to assail any innovation (bid’a) or departure from the tenets of faith of Ahl al-Sunna.
“The Imam, the jurist (Faqih), the traditionist (Muhaddith), the Hafidh, the exegete (Mufassir), the legal theorist (Usuli), the theologian (Mutkallim), the grammarian (Nahwi), the linguist (Lughawi), the writer (Adib), the Mujtahid Taqi al-Din Abul Hasan ‘Ali bin ‘Abd al-Kafi bin ‘Ali bin Tammam bin Yusuf bin Musa bin Tammam bin Hamid bin Yahya bin ‘Umar bin ‘Uthman bin ‘Ali bin Miswar bin Sawwar bin Salim, the Shaykh al-Islam and Imam of [his] era.”
Works
Shifa' as-Siqam fi Ziarat khayr al'Anam (شفاء السقام في زيارة خير الأنام) - 'Cure for the Sick in Visiting the Best of Mankind' archive.org (in Arabic)
Al-Durra al-Mudiyya fi al-Radd 'ala Ibn Taymiyya (الدرة المضية في الرد على ابن تيمية) - Refutation to Ibn Taymiyya
al-'Itibār bī baqā' al-janat wa'l-nār fi ar-rad 'ala ibn Taymiyah wa ibn al-Qiyam al-Qayilin bī fana' an-Nār. (الاعتبار ببقاء الجنة والنار في الرد على ابن تيمية وابن القيم القائلين بفناء النار) - Contemplation of the eternity of Paradise and Hell, A response to Ibn Taymiyah and Ibn al-Qayyim on the temporality of Hell.
Naqid al-‘Ijtimā’ wa’l-‘Iftirāq fī Masā’il al'Aymān wa’t-Talāq (نقد الاجتماع والافتراق في مسائل الأيمان والطلاق) - 'Critique of Communion and Separation in Matters of Faith and Divorce.'
Al-'Ashbāh wa’n-Naẓā’r (الأشباه والنظائر) - 'Analogues and Pairs' (in Arabic, 3 vols)
'Ibraz al-Hukam min hadīth rafa' al-Qalam (إبراز الحكم من حديث رفع القلم) - 'Illustration of ruling in hadith "Raising the Pen"'.
^ abcdeMohammad Hassan Khalil, Islam and the Fate of Others: The Salvation Question, Oxford University Press, 3 May 2012, p 89. ISBN0199796661
^Hoover, Jon (2009). Islamic Universalism: Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's Salafi Deliberations on the Duration of Hell-Fire (The Muslim World). Vol. 99. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 184.
^ abIgnaz Goldziher, A short history of classical Arabic literature, Published June 30th 1966 by Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, p 144.
^ abcdKeller, The Reliance of the Traveler, Amana Publications, p 1102. ISBN9780915957729
^Franz Rosenthal, Muslim intellectual and social history: a collection of essays, p 26. ISBN9780860782575
^ abYossef Rapoport, Marriage, Money and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society, p 101. ISBN9780521847155
^Leigh Chipman, The World of Pharmacy and Pharmacists in Mamlūk Cairo, p. 149. ISBN9789004176065
^Kristen Stilt, Islamic Law in Action: Authority, Discretion, and Everyday Experiences in Mamluk Egypt, p 81. ISBN0199602433
^Jon Hoover, Islamic Universalism: Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya’s Salafi Deliberations on the Duration of Hell-Fire, p 187 (quoting Subkī, Al-I'tibar, p32)
^Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik, x345, pg. 1101
^Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik, x345, pg. 1101
^Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik, x345, pg. 1102
^Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik, x345, pg. 1102
taqi, subki, hasan, taqī, dīn, kafi, khazraji, ansari, subkī, arabic, أبو, الحسن, تقي, الدين, علي, بن, عبد, الكافي, بن, علي, الخزرجي, الأنصاري, السبكي, leading, polymath, renowned, shafi, jurisconsult, muhaddith, anic, exegete, chief, judge, damascus, taqī, dī. Abu Al Hasan Taqi al Din Ali ibn Abd al Kafi ibn Ali al Khazraji al Ansari al Subki Arabic أبو الحسن تقي الدين علي بن عبد الكافي بن علي الخزرجي الأنصاري السبكي was a leading polymath and renowned 5 Shafi i jurisconsult 6 muhaddith 7 Qur anic exegete and chief judge of Damascus 6 Taqi al Din al SubkiTitleSheikh ul Islam 1 Qadi al Qudah 2 PersonalBornAH 683 1284 CE 1 EgyptDiedAH 756 1355 CE 1 ReligionIslamEraMedieval eraRegionArab WorldJurisprudenceShafi iCreedAsh ari 3 4 Main interest s Aqidah Kalam Islamic theology Fiqh Usul al Fiqh Usul al Din Hadith Usul al Hadith Tafsir Arabic grammar Arabic literature Muslim leaderInfluenced by Al Shafi iAbu al Hasan al Ash ariInfluenced Taj al Din al SubkiZain al Din al IraqiSiraj al Din al BulqiniAl SuyutiIbn Hajar al Haytami Contents 1 Birth and Education 2 Chief Judge of Syria and Death 3 Students 4 Views 5 Reception 6 Works 7 See also 8 ReferencesBirth and Education EditTaqi al Din al Subki was born in the village of Subk in Egypt 1 He received his Islamic education in Cairo by such scholars as Ibn Rif a in Sacred Law al Iraqi in Qur anic exegesis and al Dimyati in hadith 4 He also traveled to acquire knowledge of hadith from the scholars of Syria Alexandria and the Hijaz 4 Eventually he taught at the Mansuriyya school located in the Ibn Tulun s mosque 1 Chief Judge of Syria and Death EditHaving left Egypt in his youth al Subki settled down in Syria where he rose through the ranks to the position of chief judge of Syria the preacher of the Umayyad mosque at Damascus and a professor in several colleges 3 He presided as chief judge for seventeen years at the end of which he became ill was replaced by his son Taj al Din al Subki and returned to Cairo where he died in 756 1355 4 Students EditAl Subki had plenty of students with some becoming prominent scholars of their time and his most famous students were Taj al Din al Subki leading polymath of his time Zain al Din al Iraqi leading muhaddith of his time Siraj al Din al Bulqini leading Shafi i faqih of his time Siraj al Din al Mulaqqin one of the leading Hadith scholar and Shafi i jurist of his time Views EditSubki belonged to the Sunni Ash ari school of theology and in line with his school strongly opposed anthropomorphism 8 He also vehemently defended the Ashari view that Paradise and Hell Fire are eternal and to that end wrote a comprehensive treatise entitled Al I tibar in which he stated that The doctrine of the Muslims is that the Garden and the Fire will not pass away Abu Muhammad ibn Hazm has transmitted that this is held by consensus and that whoever opposes it is an unbeliever by consensus Subki reiterates this elsewhere in the treatise although he is careful to clarify that he does not label any particular person an unbeliever 9 Reception EditIbn Hajar al Haytami said about him the mujtahid Imam whose imamate greatness and having reached the level of ijtihad are agreed upon and by Al Dhahabi as the most learned eloquent and wisest in judgement of all the sheikhs of the age 10 Al Suyuti said about him 11 He devoted himself to writing and giving legal opinion authoring more than 150 works his writings displaying his profound knowledge of hadith and other fields and his magisterial command of the Islamic sciences He educated the foremost scholars of his time was a painstaking accurate and penetrating researcher and a brilliant debater in the disciplines No previous scholar attained to his achievements in Sacred Law of masterful inferences subtleties in detail and carefully worked out methodological principles Al Safadi Famous student of Al Dhahabi said about him 12 People say that no one like him had appeared since Ghazali though in my opinion they thereby do him an injustice for to my mind he does not resemble anyone less than Sufyan al Thawri With his vast erudition he was at the same time a godfearing ascetic in his personal life who was devoted to worship and mysticism though vigilant and uncompromising in matters of religion and ready to assail any innovation bid a or departure from the tenets of faith of Ahl al Sunna Al Suyuti also said about him 13 The Imam the jurist Faqih the traditionist Muhaddith the Hafidh the exegete Mufassir the legal theorist Usuli the theologian Mutkallim the grammarian Nahwi the linguist Lughawi the writer Adib the Mujtahid Taqi al Din Abul Hasan Ali bin Abd al Kafi bin Ali bin Tammam bin Yusuf bin Musa bin Tammam bin Hamid bin Yahya bin Umar bin Uthman bin Ali bin Miswar bin Sawwar bin Salim the Shaykh al Islam and Imam of his era Works EditShifa as Siqam fi Ziarat khayr al Anam شفاء السقام في زيارة خير الأنام Cure for the Sick in Visiting the Best of Mankind archive org in Arabic Al Sayf al Saqil fi al Radd ala Ibn Zafil السيف الصقيل في الرد على ابن زفيل Refutation of Ibn al Qayyim Al Durra al Mudiyya fi al Radd ala Ibn Taymiyya الدرة المضية في الرد على ابن تيمية Refutation to Ibn Taymiyya al Itibar bi baqa al janat wa l nar fi ar rad ala ibn Taymiyah wa ibn al Qiyam al Qayilin bi fana an Nar الاعتبار ببقاء الجنة والنار في الرد على ابن تيمية وابن القيم القائلين بفناء النار Contemplation of the eternity of Paradise and Hell A response to Ibn Taymiyah and Ibn al Qayyim on the temporality of Hell Naqid al Ijtima wa l Iftiraq fi Masa il al Ayman wa t Talaq نقد الاجتماع والافتراق في مسائل الأيمان والطلاق Critique of Communion and Separation in Matters of Faith and Divorce Al Ashbah wa n Naẓa r الأشباه والنظائر Analogues and Pairs in Arabic 3 vols Ibraz al Hukam min hadith rafa al Qalam إبراز الحكم من حديث رفع القلم Illustration of ruling in hadith Raising the Pen See also EditList of Ash aris and Maturidis List of Muslim theologians List of SufisReferences Edit a b c d e Mohammad Hassan Khalil Islam and the Fate of Others The Salvation Question Oxford University Press 3 May 2012 p 89 ISBN 0199796661 Hoover Jon 2009 Islamic Universalism Ibn Qayyim al Jawziyya s Salafi Deliberations on the Duration of Hell Fire The Muslim World Vol 99 Blackwell Publishing Ltd p 184 a b Ignaz Goldziher A short history of classical Arabic literature Published June 30th 1966 by Lubrecht amp Cramer Ltd p 144 a b c d Keller The Reliance of the Traveler Amana Publications p 1102 ISBN 9780915957729 Franz Rosenthal Muslim intellectual and social history a collection of essays p 26 ISBN 9780860782575 a b Yossef Rapoport Marriage Money and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society p 101 ISBN 9780521847155 Leigh Chipman The World of Pharmacy and Pharmacists in Mamluk Cairo p 149 ISBN 9789004176065 Kristen Stilt Islamic Law in Action Authority Discretion and Everyday Experiences in Mamluk Egypt p 81 ISBN 0199602433 Jon Hoover Islamic Universalism Ibn Qayyim al Jawziyya s Salafi Deliberations on the Duration of Hell Fire p 187 quoting Subki Al I tibar p32 Reliance of the Traveller The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al Salik x345 pg 1101 Reliance of the Traveller The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al Salik x345 pg 1101 Reliance of the Traveller The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al Salik x345 pg 1102 Reliance of the Traveller The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al Salik x345 pg 1102 Portals Biography Islam Egypt Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Taqi al Din al Subki amp oldid 1132652714, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
