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Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (شمس الدين الذهبي), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348[3]) was an Islamic historian and Hadith expert.
Of Turkic descent,[4] Adh-Dhahabi was born in Damascus. His name, ibn adh-Dhahabi (son of the goldsmith), reveals his father's profession. He began his study of hadith at age eighteen, travelling from Damascus to Baalbek, Homs, Hama, Aleppo, Nabulus, Cairo, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Hijaz, and elsewhere, before returning to Damascus to teach and write. He authored many works and was widely renown as a perspicuous critic and expert examiner of the hadith. He wrote an encyclopaedic biographical history and was the foremost authority on the canonical readings of the Qur'an. Some of his teachers were women.[5] At Baalbek, Zaynab bint ʿUmar b. al-Kindī was among his most influential teachers.[6]
Adh-Dhahabi lost his sight two years before he died, leaving three children: the eldest, his daughter, Amat al-'Aziz, and his two sons, 'Abd Allah and Abu Hurayra 'Abd al-Rahman. The latter son taught the hadith masters Ibn Nasir-ud-din al-Damishqi[7] and Ibn Hajar, and through them transmitted several works authored or narrated by his father.
Teachersedit
Among adh-Dhahabi's most notable teachers in hadith, fiqh and aqida:
Ibn al-Zahiri, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Halabi
Al-Dimyati, the foremost Egyptian authority on hadith in his time.[8]
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id, whom he identified in his youth as Abu al-Fath al-Qushayri, later as Ibn Wahb.[9]
Jamal-ud-din Abu al-Ma`ali Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Ansari al-Zamalkani al-Damishqi al-Shafi`i (d. 727), whom he called "Qadi al-Qudat, the Paragon of Islam, the standard-bearer of the Sunna, my shaykh".
Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Abarquhi al-Misri (d. 701), from which al-Dhahabi received the Suhrawardi Sufi path.[10]
Also Shams al-Din Dhahabi has written about bibi Heravi and her famous role in Tarikh al-Kabir.[12]
Worksedit
Adh-Dhahabi authored nearly a hundred works of history, biography and theology. His history of medicine begins with Ancient Greek and Indian practices and practitioners, such as Hippocrates, Galen, etc., through the Pre-Islamic Arabian era, to Prophetic medicine — as revealed by the MuslimprophetMuhammad— to the medical knowledge contained in works of scholars such as Ibn Sina.[13] The following are the better known titles:
Tarikh al-Islam al-kabir (تاريخ الإسلام) 'Great History of Islam' (50 vols., in Arabic); Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn adh-Dhahabi;[14] comprising over 30,000 biographical records.[15][16]
Al-Amsar Dhawat al-Athar (Cities Rich in Historical Relics); begins with a description of Madina al-Munawwara.
Al-Tajrid fi Asma' al-Sahaba; dictionary of the Companions of the prophet Muhammad.
Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ. (The Memorial of the Hadith Masters); chronological history of the biography of hadith masters. Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn adh-Dhahabi.[19]
Tabaqat al-Qurra (Categories of the Qur'anic Scholars); Biographic anthology.
Al-Mu`in fi Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin, a compendium of hadith scholars (Muhaddithin).
Duwal al-Islam (The Islamic Nations); concise political histories of Islamic nations.
Al-Kaba'ir (Cardinal Sins)
Manaaqib Al-imam Abu Hanifa wa saahibayhi Abu Yusuf wa Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan (The Honoured status of Imam Abu Hanifa and his two companions, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan)
Mizaan-ul-I’tidaal, a reworking of al-Kamil fi Dhu'afa' al-Rijal by Ibn 'Adi al-Jurjani (d. 277 H)[20]
Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Al-Dhahabi
^ abHalverson, Jeffry R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43. ISBN9781137473578.
^Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. p. 169. ISBN978-1-4384-5370-5.
^Hoberman, Barry (September–October 1982). "The Battle of Talas", Saudi Aramco World, p. 26-31. Indiana University.
^Fozia Bora, Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives, The Early and Medieval Islamic World (London: I. B. Tauris, 2019), p. 38; ISBN978-1-7845-3730-2.
^Emilie Savage-Smith, "Medicine." Taken from Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences, pg. 928. Ed. Roshdi Rashed. London: Routledge, 1996. ISBN0415124123
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic May 2016 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Arabic article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 400 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at ar الذهبي see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ar الذهبي to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Shams ad Din adh Dhahabi شمس الدين الذهبي also known as Shams ad Din Abu ʿAbdillah Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthman ibn Qaymaẓ ibn ʿAbdillah at Turkumani al Fariqi ad Dimashqi 5 October 1274 3 February 1348 3 was an Islamic historian and Hadith expert Adh Dhahabi الذھبیPersonalBorn5 October 1274Damascus Mamluk Sultanate now SyriaDied3 February 1348 aged 73 Damascus Mamluk Sultanate now SyriaReligionIslamEraMedieval Era Middle Ages RegionSyriaDenominationSunniJurisprudenceShafi i 1 CreedAthari 1 2 Main interest s History Fiqh HadithNotable work s Siyar A lam al Nubala Muslim leaderInfluenced by Ibn Asakir Ibn Daqiq al Id Al Dimyati Zaynab bint ʿUmar b al Kindi Ibn TaymiyyahInfluenced Ibn Kathir Taj al Din al Subki Contents 1 Life 2 Teachers 3 Notable students 4 Works 5 See also 6 ReferencesLife editOf Turkic descent 4 Adh Dhahabi was born in Damascus His name ibn adh Dhahabi son of the goldsmith reveals his father s profession He began his study of hadith at age eighteen travelling from Damascus to Baalbek Homs Hama Aleppo Nabulus Cairo Alexandria Jerusalem Hijaz and elsewhere before returning to Damascus to teach and write He authored many works and was widely renown as a perspicuous critic and expert examiner of the hadith He wrote an encyclopaedic biographical history and was the foremost authority on the canonical readings of the Qur an Some of his teachers were women 5 At Baalbek Zaynab bint ʿUmar b al Kindi was among his most influential teachers 6 Adh Dhahabi lost his sight two years before he died leaving three children the eldest his daughter Amat al Aziz and his two sons Abd Allah and Abu Hurayra Abd al Rahman The latter son taught the hadith masters Ibn Nasir ud din al Damishqi 7 and Ibn Hajar and through them transmitted several works authored or narrated by his father Teachers editAmong adh Dhahabi s most notable teachers in hadith fiqh and aqida Abd al Khaliq bin ʿUlwan Zaynab bint ʿUmar bin al Kindi Abu al Hasan Ali ibn Mas ud ibn Nafis al Musali Ibn Taymiyyah Taqi ad Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah Ibn al Zahiri Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al Halabi Al Dimyati the foremost Egyptian authority on hadith in his time 8 Ibn Daqiq al Id whom he identified in his youth as Abu al Fath al Qushayri later as Ibn Wahb 9 Jamal ud din Abu al Ma ali Muhammad ibn Ali al Ansari al Zamalkani al Damishqi al Shafi i d 727 whom he called Qadi al Qudat the Paragon of Islam the standard bearer of the Sunna my shaykh Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad al Abarquhi al Misri d 701 from which al Dhahabi received the Suhrawardi Sufi path 10 Ibn al Kharrat al DawalibiNotable students editImad ad Din Isma il bin Umar bin Kathir Zain ad Din Abd ar Rahman ibn al Hasan as Sulami Ibn Rajab Shams ud din Abu al Mahasin Muhammad ibn Ali al Dimashqi Taj al Din al Subki Ibn Asakir Khalil ibn Aybak al Ṣafadi Ibn al Furat 11 Also Shams al Din Dhahabi has written about bibi Heravi and her famous role in Tarikh al Kabir 12 Works editAdh Dhahabi authored nearly a hundred works of history biography and theology His history of medicine begins with Ancient Greek and Indian practices and practitioners such as Hippocrates Galen etc through the Pre Islamic Arabian era to Prophetic medicine as revealed by the Muslim prophet Muhammad to the medical knowledge contained in works of scholars such as Ibn Sina 13 The following are the better known titles Tarikh al Islam al kabir تاريخ الإسلام Great History of Islam 50 vols in Arabic Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn adh Dhahabi 14 comprising over 30 000 biographical records 15 16 Siyar A lam al Nubala سير أعلام النبلاء The Lives of Noble Figures 28 volumes a unique encyclopaedia of biographical history 17 nbsp The most famous book of Imam Ad Dhahabial Uluww al Mowqizah Al Ibar fi khabar man ghabar العبر في خبر من غبر ويليه ذيول العبر 18 Tadhhib Tahdhib al Kamal abridgement of al Mizzi s abridgement of al Maqdisi s Al Kamal fi Asma al Rijal a biographical compendium of hadith narrators from the Six major Hadith collections Al Kashif fi Ma rifa Man Lahu Riwaya fi al Kutub al Sitta abridgment of the Tadhhib Al Mujarrad fi Asma Rijal al Kutub al Sitta abridgment of the Kashif Mukhtasar Kitab al Wahm wa al Iham li Ibn al Qattan Mukhtasar Sunan al Bayhaqi selected edition of Bayhaqi s Sunan al Kubara Mukhtasar al Mustadrak li al Hakim an abridgement of Hakim s Al Mustadrak alaa al Sahihain Al Amsar Dhawat al Athar Cities Rich in Historical Relics begins with a description of Madina al Munawwara Al Tajrid fi Asma al Sahaba dictionary of the Companions of the prophet Muhammad nbsp Tadhkirat al ḥuffaẓ The Memorial of the Hadith Masters chronological history of the biography of hadith masters Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn adh Dhahabi 19 Tabaqat al Qurra Categories of the Qur anic Scholars Biographic anthology Al Mu in fi Tabaqat al Muhaddithin a compendium of hadith scholars Muhaddithin Duwal al Islam The Islamic Nations concise political histories of Islamic nations Al Kaba ir Cardinal Sins Manaaqib Al imam Abu Hanifa wa saahibayhi Abu Yusuf wa Muhammad Ibn al Hasan The Honoured status of Imam Abu Hanifa and his two companions Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn Al Hasan Mizaan ul I tidaal a reworking of al Kamil fi Dhu afa al Rijal by Ibn Adi al Jurjani d 277 H 20 See also editIslamic scholarsReferences edit nbsp Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article Al Dhahabi a b Halverson Jeffry R 2010 Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam Pelgrave Macmillan p 43 ISBN 9781137473578 Spevack Aaron 2014 The Archetypal Sunni Scholar Law Theology and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al Bajuri State University of New York Press p 169 ISBN 978 1 4384 5370 5 Hoberman Barry September October 1982 The Battle of Talas Saudi Aramco World p 26 31 Indiana University Al Ḏh ahabi 24 April 2012 The Female Teachers of the Historian of Islam al Ḏh ahabi PDF al Ḏh ahabi Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Brill Online 2012 Reference Princeton University Library 09 June 2012 24 April 2012 al Sakhawi al Daw al Lami 8 103 Al Dimyati 2016 THE REWARDS FOR GOOD DEEDS المتجر الرابح انكليزي Dar al Kotob al Ilmiyya p 15 ISBN 9782745176554 Cf al Uluw Abu al Fath and al Muqiza Ibn Wahb Siyar A lam al Nubala SAN 17 118 119 6084 16 300 302 5655 Fozia Bora Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World The Value of Chronicles as Archives The Early and Medieval Islamic World London I B Tauris 2019 p 38 ISBN 978 1 7845 3730 2 waq48696 in Arabic Emilie Savage Smith Medicine Taken from Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science Volume 3 Technology Alchemy and Life Sciences pg 928 Ed Roshdi Rashed London Routledge 1996 ISBN 0415124123 Ibn Hajar al Mu jam p 400 1773 Maxim Romanov Observations of a Medieval Quantitative Historian in Der Islam Volume 94 Issue 2 Page 464 Dhahabi Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad 2003 Tarikh al Islam in Arabic Vol 17 Beirut Dar al Garb al Islami Dhahabi Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad 1984 Sir al a lam al nubla in Arabic Vol 25 Beirut a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Dhahabi Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad 1985 Al Ibar in Arabic Vol 5 Ibn Hajar al Mu jam p 400 1774 al Dhahabi Siyar A lam al Nubala 16 154 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Dhahabi amp oldid 1197896970, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
