Tamang may have been derived from the word Tamang, where Ta means "horse" and Mak means "warrior" in Tibetan. However, there are no written documentations of Horse Riders. Some scientific research claims the Tamangs have Prehistoric and Genetic roots.[10]
Historical accounts show that the Tamang ethnic group originated from Tibet. The word "Ta" in the Tibetan language means horse, and "Mang" means traders, hence their original way of life evolved around horses and trade.[11] The Tamangs, who have lived on hills outside the Kathmandu Valley to the southern slope of Langtang, Ganesh, Jugal Himal and Rolwaling probably since prehistoric times, have been mentioned in various Nepalese and colonial historical records under a variety of names, such as Bhote, Lama, Murmi, Sain, some of which terms erroneously conflate the Tamangs with Uighurs.[12] The Tibetans called them Rongpa.[13]
Various Gorkha rulers led campaigns against the indigenous Tamangs. The Gorkha Vamsavali provides details of battles with the Bhotyas of a variety of principalities between 1806 and 1862. In 1739, a ruler named Ghale-Botya attacked Narabhupal Shah as he was marching towards Nuwakot, and Narabhupal Shah also fought several battles against Golma Ghale. In 1762, Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked the Tamangs in Temal, the Tamang cultural heartland. Tamang oral history says that the local chief, Rinjen Dorje, was killed by the Gorkhas. Gorkhali forces had hidden their weapons in the sand on the Sunkoshi riverbank, in order to attack the Tamang forces. Afterwards, the Gorkhas washed their weapons in springs at Dapcha Kuwapani, and this is why the modern day Tamangs do not drink there. Similar stories appear in oral histories throughout the region.[14]
After the attack on the Tamang region, their traditional homeland area, known as kipat to the Gorkhas, was granted to Gorkha generals or government officials who had pleased the king in some way, displacing the Tamangs from kipat lands. Previously Tamang landholdings had been divided up by clan. Tamangs also had various forced labour obligations, both in times of peace and war, that differed significantly from other regions of Nepal. One reason is the proximity of the Tamang homeland to the centre of royal administration at Kathmandu.[14]
Tamangs were also involved in the Sino-Nepalese War (1788 to 1792). (Nepali: नेपाल-चीन युद्ध), also known as the Sino-Gorkha war and in Chinese the Campaign of Gorkha (Chinese: 廓爾喀之役).The war was initially fought between Nepalese Gorkhas and Tibetan armies over a trade dispute related to a long-standing problem of low-quality coins manufactured by Nepal for Tibet. A few hundred eventually settled in Tibet, they are known as Daman people in China. Previously stateless, since 2003 the Chinese government has classified them as ethnic Tibetans.[15][16][17]
Tamang tradition and culture include a distinct language, culture, dress and social structure. They have over 100 sub-clans. About 90% of the Tamang are Buddhist.[19] Their language, Tamang, comes from the Tamangic branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family, and is closely related to Gurung. They follow the Chinese lunar calendar of the 12-year cycle. Colorful printed Buddhist mantra cloths are put up in various places in villages and towns.[6]
Their typical song and dance style is known as Tamang Selo, and includes songs representing humor, satire, joy and sorrow. It has a brisk movement and rhythmic beat specific to the Tamangs.[8] A distinctive musical instrument is the damphu, a small, round drum covered with goatskin. Traditional Tamang songs are known as Hwai. Sung by Tamang genealogists called Tamba, Hwai songs are ritualistic and hold tremendous importance in Tamang rituals.[20]
People dancing in Sonam Lhosar (Tamang New Year) celebration
FestivalsEdit
Sonam Lhosar is the main festival of the Tamangs and is celebrated in the month of Magh (February–March).[21] It is celebrated to welcome the Tamang new year.
The 2011 Nepal census classifies the Tamang people within the broader social group of Mountain/Hill Janajati.[22] At the time of the Nepal census of 2011, 1.539,830 people (5.8% of the population of Nepal) were Tamang. The frequency of Tamang people by province was as follows:
Tilak Bahadur Negi Lama तिलक बहादुर नेगी - Nepalese politician, first minister of Nepal Tamang Communities in June 16 1981 (२०३८ असार २ गते) from Makawanpur, Nepal.[24]
^ abSadangi, H. C. (November 2008). Emergent North-East: A Way Forward. ISBN978-81-8205-437-0. from the original on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2015-12-23. Emergent North-East : A Way Forward By H. C. Sadangi
^. Nefin.org.np. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
^ ab. Chronicles of ADVENTURE TRAVEL. 2015-01-05. Archived from the original on 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
^Tamang, Ganesh (2003). "An Ethnobiological Study of the Tamang People". Our Nature. 1 (1): 37–41. doi:10.3126/on.v1i1.303. ISSN 2091-2781.
^Paudel, Dinesh (2021-09-20). "Himalayan BRI: an infrastructural conjuncture and shifting development in Nepal". Area Development and Policy. 7 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/23792949.2021.1961592. ISSN 2379-2949. S2CID 239242919.
^ abGellner, David (2009-09-10). Ethnic Activism and Civil Society in South Asia. SAGE Publications India. ISBN978-81-321-0422-3.
^Woebom, Tenzin (2014-12-23). ""Eastern Gypsies": Damans in Tibet". Vtibet. from the original on 2017-11-04. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
^"New life of Daman people". China Tibet Online. 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
^ (in Chinese (China)). People's Daily Online. 2014-07-25. Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
^F. J. Castilla, J. Agulló, J. Castellote (2020). CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPOSALS FOR RECOVERY OF TRADITIONAL TAMANG CONSTRUCTION IN NORTHERN NEPAL. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIV. ISSN 2194-9034
^"National Museum". www.nationalmuseum.gov.np. National Museum. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^Himalayan, Cultures. "Oral Traditions of the Tamang People". Retrieved 2021-08-01.
^"Sonam Lhosar celebrated | Street Nepal". streetnepal.com. from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
^श्रीराम अर्जुन (January 8, 2019). "सोनाम ल्होछारको अवसरमा तामाङ समुदायका पहिलो मन्त्री सम्मानित". kharibot.com (in Nepali). from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^"Melody queen Aruna Lama". Boss Nepal. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tamang people.
"Introduction to Ethnic Groups – The Tamangs: The Unknown Mount Everest Climbers". EverestNews.com. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
September 30, 2023
tamang, people, tamang, redirects, here, language, tamang, language, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources,. Tamang redirects here For the language see Tamang language This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Tamang people news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Tamang ར དམག Devanagari त म ङ tamaṅ are a Tibeto Burmese ethnic group of Nepal Southern Bhutan and North India In Nepal Tamang Moormi people constitute 5 6 of the Nepalese population at over 1 3 million in 2001 increasing to 1 539 830 as of the 2011 census 6 The Tamang people are concentrated in the central hilly region of Nepal 7 Indian Tamangs are found in significant numbers in the state of Sikkim and the districts of Darjeeling and Kalimpong in West Bengal state Bhutanese Tamangs are native to various districts in the southern foothills of the Kingdom of Bhutan Such districts include the Tsirang District the Dagana District the Samtse District the Chukha District the Sarpang District and the Samdrup Jongkhar District 8 Tamang language is the fifth most spoken language in Nepal 9 TamangMoormiTamang womanTotal populationc 1 8 millionRegions with significant populations Nepal1 639 866 1 India183 812West Bengal146 203 2011 2 Sikkim37 609 2011 3 LanguagesTamang Nepali and HindiReligionBuddhism 87 29 Hinduism 8 88 Christianity 3 6 Bon and Prakriti 0 02 4 5 Related ethnic groupsDaman people Tibetan people Bhotiya Thakali Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Political participation 3 Culture 3 1 Festivals 4 Tamang people in Nepal 5 Notable people 6 References 7 External linksEtymology EditTamang may have been derived from the word Tamang where Ta means horse and Mak means warrior in Tibetan However there are no written documentations of Horse Riders Some scientific research claims the Tamangs have Prehistoric and Genetic roots 10 nbsp Tamang woman wearing a traditional Shyade capHistory EditHistorical accounts show that the Tamang ethnic group originated from Tibet The word Ta in the Tibetan language means horse and Mang means traders hence their original way of life evolved around horses and trade 11 The Tamangs who have lived on hills outside the Kathmandu Valley to the southern slope of Langtang Ganesh Jugal Himal and Rolwaling probably since prehistoric times have been mentioned in various Nepalese and colonial historical records under a variety of names such as Bhote Lama Murmi Sain some of which terms erroneously conflate the Tamangs with Uighurs 12 The Tibetans called them Rongpa 13 Various Gorkha rulers led campaigns against the indigenous Tamangs The Gorkha Vamsavali provides details of battles with the Bhotyas of a variety of principalities between 1806 and 1862 In 1739 a ruler named Ghale Botya attacked Narabhupal Shah as he was marching towards Nuwakot and Narabhupal Shah also fought several battles against Golma Ghale In 1762 Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked the Tamangs in Temal the Tamang cultural heartland Tamang oral history says that the local chief Rinjen Dorje was killed by the Gorkhas Gorkhali forces had hidden their weapons in the sand on the Sunkoshi riverbank in order to attack the Tamang forces Afterwards the Gorkhas washed their weapons in springs at Dapcha Kuwapani and this is why the modern day Tamangs do not drink there Similar stories appear in oral histories throughout the region 14 After the attack on the Tamang region their traditional homeland area known as kipat to the Gorkhas was granted to Gorkha generals or government officials who had pleased the king in some way displacing the Tamangs from kipat lands Previously Tamang landholdings had been divided up by clan Tamangs also had various forced labour obligations both in times of peace and war that differed significantly from other regions of Nepal One reason is the proximity of the Tamang homeland to the centre of royal administration at Kathmandu 14 Tamangs were also involved in the Sino Nepalese War 1788 to 1792 Nepali न प ल च न य द ध also known as the Sino Gorkha war and in Chinese the Campaign of Gorkha Chinese 廓爾喀之役 The war was initially fought between Nepalese Gorkhas and Tibetan armies over a trade dispute related to a long standing problem of low quality coins manufactured by Nepal for Tibet A few hundred eventually settled in Tibet they are known as Daman people in China Previously stateless since 2003 the Chinese government has classified them as ethnic Tibetans 15 16 17 Political participation Edit This section has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article is written like a personal reflection personal essay or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor s personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The neutrality of this section is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Some ethnographers have drawn a link between Tamang people and ancient Mongol populations who emigrated to the Himalayas 18 Tamsaling Nepal Rastriya Dal Culture EditTamang tradition and culture include a distinct language culture dress and social structure They have over 100 sub clans About 90 of the Tamang are Buddhist 19 Their language Tamang comes from the Tamangic branch of the Tibeto Burman language family and is closely related to Gurung They follow the Chinese lunar calendar of the 12 year cycle Colorful printed Buddhist mantra cloths are put up in various places in villages and towns 6 Their typical song and dance style is known as Tamang Selo and includes songs representing humor satire joy and sorrow It has a brisk movement and rhythmic beat specific to the Tamangs 8 A distinctive musical instrument is the damphu a small round drum covered with goatskin Traditional Tamang songs are known as Hwai Sung by Tamang genealogists called Tamba Hwai songs are ritualistic and hold tremendous importance in Tamang rituals 20 nbsp People dancing in Sonam Lhosar Tamang New Year celebrationFestivals Edit Sonam Lhosar is the main festival of the Tamangs and is celebrated in the month of Magh February March 21 It is celebrated to welcome the Tamang new year Also significant is Buddha Jayanti a religious festival based on birthday of Gautam Buddha 10 Tamang people in Nepal EditThis section s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions August 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The 2011 Nepal census classifies the Tamang people within the broader social group of Mountain Hill Janajati 22 At the time of the Nepal census of 2011 1 539 830 people 5 8 of the population of Nepal were Tamang The frequency of Tamang people by province was as follows Bagmati Province 20 5 Koshi Province 4 7 Madhesh Province 2 2 Gandaki Province 2 1 Karnali Province 0 8 Sudurpashchim Province 0 4 Lumbini Province 0 2 The frequency of Tamang people was higher than national average 5 8 in the following districts 23 Rasuwa 69 6 Makwanpur 48 3 Nuwakot 43 0 Kavrepalanchok 34 5 Sindhupalchowk 34 4 Sindhuli 27 0 Dhading 22 2 Ramechhap 19 2 Dolakha 16 8 Lalitpur 13 1 Humla 13 0 Manang 12 6 Kathmandu 10 9 Solukhumbu 9 9 Okhaldhunga 9 8 Bhojpur 9 5 Bhaktapur 9 0 Sankhuwasabha 8 8 Chitwan 7 9 Mugu 7 9 Lamjung 7 3 Panchthar 7 1 Ilam 7 0 Udayapur 6 9 Tehrathum 6 6 Dhankuta 6 5 Notable people EditTilak Bahadur Negi Lama त लक बह द र न ग Nepalese politician first minister of Nepal Tamang Communities in June 16 1981 २०३८ अस र २ गत from Makawanpur Nepal 24 Kabiraj Negi Lama Nepal National Para Taekwondo Team Coach and 2020 Summer Paralympics Coach Bidhan Lama He won bronze medals at the 1986 Asian Games 1987 World Taekwondo Championships and at the 1988 Summer Olympics Madan Tamang Indian politician and the president of Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League ABGL Subhash Ghisingh founding leader of Gorkha National Liberation Front GNLF Prem Singh Tamang 6th and current Chief Minister of the Indian state of Sikkim Parijat Bishnu Kumari Waiba Indian born Nepali writer Jyoti Prakash Tamang Indian microbiologist known for his work on fermented foods of Himalayan region Mahendra P Lama Indian political analyst and development economist Nim Dorjee Tamang Indian footballer Nagen Tamang Indian footballer from Kurseong Nim Dorjee Tamang Indian footballer Nagen Tamang Indian footballer Anju Tamang Indian footballer Hira Devi Waiba Nepali Tamang Selo singer Aruna Lama 25 singer also known as Nightingale of the Hills Navneet Aditya Waiba singer Gopal Yonjan 26 musician music producer and composer Raju Lama singer lead vocalist of Mongolian Heart band Karma Yonzon singer musician music producer and composer Buddha Lama first Nepal Idol winner singer musician Composer Nima Rumba singer musician composer and actor Prashant Tamang third Indian Idol winner singer actor Phiroj Shyangden singer and composer of 1974 Band VTEN Samir Ghising rapper Robin Tamang rock musician and actor Kul Man Ghising engineer managing director of Nepal Electricity Authority Bhim Bahadur Tamang politician Ananta Tamang Nepalese professional footballer Sunil Bal Nepalese professional footballer Ayush Ghalan Nepalese professional footballer Tej Tamang Nepalese professional footballer Santosh Tamang Nepalese professional footballer Suman Lama Nepalese professional footballer Aashish Lama Nepalese professional footballer Bikram Lama Nepalese professional footballer Anu Lama Nepalese professional footballer Raju Tamang Nepalese professional footballer Devendra Tamang Nepalese professional footballer Ratnajit Tamang Nepalese professional badminton Chintan tamang Nepalese politician Shrijana Ghising Nepalese Para Taekwondo practitionerReferences Edit Census Nepal caste ethnicity results 2021 Population of West Bengal 2011 Population of Sikkim 2011 Caste ethnicity and religion of Nepal Ministry of Health PDF Central Bureau of Statistics 2014 Population monograph of Nepal PDF Report Vol II Government of Nepal a b Archived copy PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2015 12 22 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Census Nepal 2021 censusnepal cbs gov np Retrieved 2022 12 26 a b Sadangi H C November 2008 Emergent North East A Way Forward ISBN 978 81 8205 437 0 Archived from the original on 2016 04 27 Retrieved 2015 12 23 Emergent North East A Way Forward By H C Sadangi Report on Socio Economic Status of Tamang Kavre Nefin org np Archived from the original on 2013 03 12 Retrieved 2015 12 23 a b Who actually are the Tamang People An Insight into Indigenous Tribe of Nepal Chronicles of ADVENTURE TRAVEL 2015 01 05 Archived from the original on 2018 03 01 Retrieved 2018 02 28 https lib icimod org record 11231 files 6185 pdf Tamang Ganesh 2003 An Ethnobiological Study of the Tamang People Our Nature 1 1 37 41 doi 10 3126 on v1i1 303 ISSN 2091 2781 Paudel Dinesh 2021 09 20 Himalayan BRI an infrastructural conjuncture and shifting development in Nepal Area Development and Policy 7 1 1 21 doi 10 1080 23792949 2021 1961592 ISSN 2379 2949 S2CID 239242919 a b Gellner David 2009 09 10 Ethnic Activism and Civil Society in South Asia SAGE Publications India ISBN 978 81 321 0422 3 Woebom Tenzin 2014 12 23 Eastern Gypsies Damans in Tibet Vtibet Archived from the original on 2017 11 04 Retrieved 2017 02 13 New life of Daman people China Tibet Online 2014 12 31 Retrieved 2017 08 23 西藏达曼人 从居无定所到发 边贸财 吃 旅游饭 in Chinese China People s Daily Online 2014 07 25 Archived from the original on 2018 11 05 Retrieved 2017 08 23 F J Castilla J Agullo J Castellote 2020 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPOSALS FOR RECOVERY OF TRADITIONAL TAMANG CONSTRUCTION IN NORTHERN NEPAL The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Volume XLIV ISSN 2194 9034 National Museum www nationalmuseum gov np National Museum Retrieved 31 March 2021 Himalayan Cultures Oral Traditions of the Tamang People Retrieved 2021 08 01 Sonam Lhosar celebrated Street Nepal streetnepal com Archived from the original on 2016 08 16 Retrieved 2018 02 28 Population Monograph of Nepal Volume II 1 2011 Nepal Census District Level Detail Report श र र म अर ज न January 8 2019 स न म ल ह छ रक अवसरम त म ङ सम द यक पह ल मन त र सम म न त kharibot com in Nepali Archived from the original on January 9 2023 Retrieved 16 April 2023 Melody queen Aruna Lama Boss Nepal Retrieved 2018 03 11 Kalakar Hamro Gopal Yonzon Biography Hamro Kalakar www hamrokalakar com Retrieved 2018 03 11 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tamang people Introduction to Ethnic Groups The Tamangs The Unknown Mount Everest Climbers EverestNews com Retrieved 4 January 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tamang people amp oldid 1177018338, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
