Tadao Ando

Tadao Ando (安藤 忠雄, Andō Tadao, born 13 September 1941) is a Japanese autodidact architect^[1][2] whose approach to architecture and landscape was categorized by architectural historian Francesco Dal Co as "critical regionalism". He is the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

Tadao Ando
Tadao Ando in 2004
Born	(1941-09-13) 13 September 1941 (age 81) Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan
Nationality	Japanese
Occupation	Architect
Awards	Alvar Aalto Medal, 1985 Carlsberg Architectural Prize, 1992 Pritzker Prize, 1995 RIBA Royal Gold Medal, 1997 AIA Gold Medal, 2002 Neutra Medal for Professional Excellence, 2012
Practice	Tadao Ando Architects & Associates
Buildings	Row House, Sumiyoshi, 1979 Church of the Light, Osaka, 1989 Water Temple, Awaji, 1991
Projects	Rokko Housing I, II, III, Kobe, 1983–1999

Early life

Ando was born a few minutes before his twin brother in 1941 in Osaka, Japan.^[3] At the age of two, his family chose to separate them, and have Tadao live with his great grandmother.^[3] He worked as a boxer and fighter before settling on the profession of architect, despite never having formal training in the field. Struck by the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Imperial Hotel on a trip to Tokyo as a second-year high school student, he eventually decided to end his boxing career less than two years after graduating from high school to pursue architecture.^[4] He attended night classes to learn drawing and took correspondence courses on interior design.^[5] He visited buildings designed by renowned architects like Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn before returning to Osaka in 1968 to establish his own design studio, Tadao Ando Architects and Associates.^[6]

Career

Style

 

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas

 

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, showing the restaurant

 

Galleria Akka, Osaka, 1988

Ando was raised in Japan where the religion and style of life strongly influenced his architecture and design. Ando's architectural style is said to create a "haiku" effect, emphasizing nothingness and empty space to represent the beauty of simplicity. He favors designing complex spatial circulation while maintaining the appearance of simplicity. A self-taught architect, he keeps his Japanese culture and language in mind while he travels around Europe for research. As an architect, he believes that architecture can change society, that "to change the dwelling is to change the city and to reform society".^[7] "Reform society" could be a promotion of a place or a change of the identity of that place. Werner Blaser has said, "Good buildings by Tadao Ando create memorable identity and therefore publicity, which in turn attracts the public and promotes market penetration".^[8]

The simplicity of his architecture emphasizes the concept of sensation and physical experiences, mainly influenced by Japanese culture. The religious term Zen, focuses on the concept of simplicity and concentrates on inner feeling rather than outward appearance. Zen influences vividly show in Ando's work and became its distinguishing mark. In order to practice the idea of simplicity, Ando's architecture is mostly constructed with concrete, providing a sense of cleanliness and weightlessness (even though concrete is a heavy material) at the same time.^[9] Due to the simplicity of the exterior, construction, and organization of the space are relatively potential in order to represent the aesthetic of sensation.

Besides Japanese religious architecture, Ando has also designed Christian churches, such as the Church of the Light (1989) and the Church in Tarumi (1993).^[10] Although Japanese and Christian churches display distinct characteristics, Ando treats them in a similar way. He believes there should be no difference in designing religious architecture and houses. As he explains,

We do not need to differentiate one from the other. Dwelling in a house is not only a functional issue, but also a spiritual one. The house is the locus of heart (kokoro), and the heart is the locus of god. Dwelling in a house is a search for the heart (kokoro) as the locus of god, just as one goes to church to search for god. An important role of the church is to enhance this sense of the spiritual. In a spiritual place, people find peace in their heart (kokoro), as in their homeland.^[11]

Besides speaking of the spirit of architecture, Ando also emphasises the association between nature and architecture.^[12][13] He intends for people to easily experience the spirit and beauty of nature through architecture. He believes architecture is responsible for performing the attitude of the site and makes it visible. This not only represents his theory of the role of architecture in society but also shows why he spends so much time studying architecture from physical experience.

In 1995, Ando won the Pritzker Prize for architecture, considered the highest distinction in the field.^[2] He donated the $100,000 prize money to the orphans of the 1995 Kobe earthquake.^[14]

Buildings and works

 

Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe

Tadao Ando's body of work is known for the creative use of natural light and for structures that follow natural forms of the landscape, rather than disturbing the landscape by making it conform to the constructed space of a building. Ando's buildings are often characterized by complex three-dimensional circulation paths. These paths weave in between interior and exterior spaces formed both inside large-scale geometric shapes and in the spaces between them.

His "Row House in Sumiyoshi" (Azuma House, 住吉の長屋), a small two-story, cast-in-place concrete house completed in 1976, is an early work which began to show elements of his characteristic style. It consists of three equal rectangular volumes: two enclosed volumes of interior spaces separated by an open courtyard. The courtyard's position between the two interior volumes becomes an integral part of the house's circulation system. The house is famous for the contrast between appearance and spatial organization which allow people to experience the richness of the space within the geometry.^[15]

Ando's housing complex at Rokko, just outside Kobe, is a complex warren of terraces and balconies, atriums and shafts. The designs for Rokko Housing One (1983) and for Rokko Housing Two (1993) illustrate a range of issues in traditional architectural vocabulary—the interplay of solid and void, the alternatives of open and closed, the contrasts of light and darkness. More significantly, Ando's noteworthy engineering achievement in these clustered buildings is site specific—the structures survived undamaged after the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995.^[16] New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger argues that:

Ando is right in the Japanese tradition: spareness has always been a part of Japanese architecture, at least since the 16th century; [and] it is not without reason that Frank Lloyd Wright more freely admitted to the influences of Japanese architecture than of anything American."^[16]

Like Wright's Imperial Hotel in Tokyo Second Imperial Hotel 1923-1968, which did survive the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, site specific decision-making, anticipates seismic activity in several of Ando's Hyōgo-Awaji buildings.^[17]

Projects

 

Langen Foundation

 

Langen Foundation

 

Langen Foundation

 

Pulitzer Arts Foundation

 

The Church of the Light in Ibaraki, Osaka

 

Honpuku Temple (Water Temple)

 

Suntory Museum in Osaka

 

Akita Museum of Art, stairs

 

Lee Ufan museum

 

Westin Awaji Island Hotel

 

Hyogo prefectural museum of art

 

Hyogo prefectural museum of art

 

The Shikokumura gallery

Building/project	Location	Country	Date
Tomishima House	Osaka	Japan	1973
Uchida House		Japan	1974
Uno House	Kyoto	Japan	1974
Hiraoka House	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1974
Shibata House	Ashiya, Hyogo Prefecture	Japan	1974
Tatsumi House	Osaka	Japan	1975
Soseikan-Yamaguchi House	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1975
Takahashi House	Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1975
Matsumura House	Kobe	Japan	1975
Row House in Sumiyoshi (Azuma House)	Sumiyoshi, Osaka	Japan	1976
Hirabayashi House	Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1976
Bansho House	Aichi Prefecture	Japan	1976
Tezukayama Tower Plaza	Sumiyoshi, Osaka	Japan	1976
Tezukayama House-Manabe House	Osaka	Japan	1977
Wall House (Matsumoto House)	Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1977
Glass Block House (Ishihara House)	Osaka	Japan	1978
Okusu House	Setagaya, Tokyo	Japan	1978
Glass Block Wall (Horiuchi House)	Sumiyoshi, Osaka	Japan	1979
Katayama Building	Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1979
Onishi House	Sumiyoshi, Osaka	Japan	1979
Matsutani House	Kyoto	Japan	1979
Ueda House	Okayama Prefecture	Japan	1979
Step	Takamatsu, Kagawa	Japan	1980
Matsumoto House	Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture	Japan	1980
Fuku House	Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture	Japan	1980
Bansho House Addition	Aichi Prefecture	Japan	1981
Koshino House	Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1981
Kojima Housing (Sato House)	Okayama Prefecture	Japan	1981
Atelier in Oyodo	Osaka	Japan	1981
Tea House for Soseikan-Yamaguchi House	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1982
Ishii House	Shizuoka Prefecture	Japan	1982
Akabane House	Setagaya, Tokyo	Japan	1982
Kujo Townhouse (Izutsu House)	Osaka	Japan	1982
Rokko Housing One (34°43′32″N 135°13′39″E / 34.725613°N 135.227564°E / 34.725613; 135.227564)	Rokko, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1983
Bigi Atelier	Shibuya, Tokyo	Japan	1983
Umemiya House	Kobe	Japan	1983
Kaneko House	Shibuya, Tokyo	Japan	1983
Festival	Naha, Okinawa prefecture	Japan	1984
Time's	Kyoto	Japan	1984
Koshino House Addition	Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1984
Melrose, Meguro	Tokyo	Japan	1984
Uejo House	Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1984
Ota House	Okayama Prefecture	Japan	1984
Moteki House	Kobe	Japan	1984
Shinsaibashi Tokyu Building	Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1984^[18]
Iwasa House	Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1984
Hata House (34°46′05″N 135°19′26″E / 34.76805°N 135.32397°E / 34.76805; 135.32397)	Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1984
Atelier Yoshie Inaba	Shibuya, Tokyo	Japan	1985
Jun Port Island Building	Kobe	Japan	1985
Mon-petit-chou	Kyoto	Japan	1985
Guest House for Hattori House	Osaka	Japan	1985
Taiyō Cement Headquarters Building	Osaka	Japan	1986
TS Building	Osaka	Japan	1986
Chapel on Mount Rokko	Kobe	Japan	1986
Old/New Rokkov	Kobe	Japan	1986
Kidosaki House	Setagaya, Tokyo	Japan	1986
Fukuhara Clinic	Setagaya, Tokyo	Japan	1986
Sasaki House	Minato, Tokyo	Japan	1986
Main Pavilion for Tennoji Fair	Osaka	Japan	1987
Karaza Theater	Tokyo	Japan	1987
Ueda House Addition	Okayama Prefecture	Japan	1987
Church on the Water	Tomamu, Hokkaido	Japan	1988
Galleria Akka	Osaka	Japan	1988
Children's Museum	Himeji, Hyōgo	Japan	1989
Church of the Light (34°49′08″N 135°22′19″E / 34.818763°N 135.37201°E / 34.818763; 135.37201)	Ibaraki Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1989^[19]^[20]
Collezione	Minato, Tokyo	Japan	1989
Morozoff P&P Studio	Kobe	Japan	1989
Raika Headquarters	Osaka	Japan	1989
Natsukawa Memorial Hall	Hikone, Shiga	Japan	1989
Yao Clinic, Neyagawa	Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1989
Matsutani House Addition	Kyoto	Japan	1990
Ito House, Setagaya	Tokyo	Japan	1990
Iwasa House Addition	Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1990
Garden of Fine Arts	Osaka	Japan	1990
S Building	Osaka	Japan	1990
Water Temple (34°32′47″N 134°59′17″E / 34.546406°N 134.98813°E / 34.546406; 134.98813)	Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1991^[21]
Atelier in Oyodo II	Osaka	Japan	1991
Time's II	Kyoto	Japan	1991
Museum of Literature	Himeji, Hyōgo	Japan	1991
Sayoh Housing	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1991
Minolta Seminar House	Kobe	Japan	1991
Benesse House	Naoshima, Kagawa	Japan	1992^[22]
Japanese Pavilion for Expo 92	Seville	Spain	1992
Otemae Art Center	Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1992
Forest of Tombs Museum	Kumamoto Prefecture	Japan	1992
Rokko Housing Two	Rokko, Kobe	Japan	1993
Vitra Seminar House	Weil am Rhein	Germany	1993
Gallery Noda	Kobe	Japan	1993
YKK Seminar House	Chiba Prefecture	Japan	1993
Suntory Museum	Osaka	Japan	1994
Maxray Headquarters Building	Osaka	Japan	1994
Chikatsu Asuka Museum	Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1994
Kiyo Bank, Sakai Building	Sakai, Osaka	Japan	1994
Garden of Fine Art	Kyoto	Japan	1994
Museum of wood culture	Kami, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1994
Inamori Auditorium	Kagoshima	Japan	1994
Nariwa Museum	Okayama Prefecture	Japan	1994
Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum	Naoshima, Kagawa	Japan	1995^[23]
Atelier in Oyodo Annex	Osaka	Japan	1995
Nagaragawa Convention Center	Gifu	Japan	1995
Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum Annex	Naoshima, Kagawa Prefecture	Japan	1995
Meditation Space, UNESCO	Paris	France	1995^[24]
Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art	Kyoto Prefecture	Japan	1995^[25]
Shanghai Pusan Ferry Terminal	Osaka	Japan	1996
Museum of Literature II, Himeji	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1996
Gallery Chiisaime (Sawada House)	Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1996
Museum of Gojo Culture & Annex	Gojo, Nara Prefecture	Japan	1997
Toto Seminar House	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1997
Yokogurayama Natural Forest Museum	Kōchi Prefecture	Japan	1997
Harima Kogen Higashi Primary School & Junior High School	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1997
Koumi Kogen Museum	Nagano Prefecture	Japan	1997
Eychaner/Lee House	Chicago, Illinois	United States	1997
Daikoku Denki Headquarters Building	Aichi Prefecture	Japan	1998
Daylight Museum	Shiga Prefecture	Japan	1998
Junichi Watanabe Memorial Hall	Sapporo	Japan	1998
Asahi Shimbun Okayama Bureau	Okayama	Japan	1998
Siddhartha Children and Women Hospital	Butwal	Nepal	1998
Church of the Light Sunday School	Ibaraki, Osaka Prefecture	Japan	1999
Rokko Housing III'	Kobe	Japan	1999
Shell Museum, Nishinomiya	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	1999
Fabrica (Benetton Communication Research Center)	Villorba	Italy	2000
Awaji-Yumebutai (34°33′40″N 135°00′29″E / 34.560983°N 135.008144°E / 34.560983; 135.008144^[26])	Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	2000
Rockfield Shizuoka Factory	Shizuoka	Japan	2000
Pulitzer Arts Foundation	St. Louis, Missouri	United States	2001
Komyo-ji (shrine)	Saijō, Ehime	Japan	2001
Ryotaro Shiba Memorial Museum	Higashiosaka, Osaka prefecture	Japan	2001
Sayamaike Historical Museum	Osaka	Japan	2001
Teatro Armani-Armani World Headquarters	Milan	Italy	2001
Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art	Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture	Japan	2002^[27]
Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth	Fort Worth, Texas	United States	2002^[28]
Piccadilly Gardens	Manchester	United Kingdom	2002; part-demolished 2020.^[29]
4x4 house	Kobe	Japan	2003
Invisible House	Ponzano Veneto	Italy	2004
Chichu Art Museum	Naoshima, Kagawa	Japan	2004^[30]
Langen Foundation	Neuss	Germany	2004^[31]
Gunma Insect World Insect Observation Hall	Kiryū, Gunma	Japan	2005
Picture Book Museum	Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture	Japan	2005^[32]
Saka no Ue no Kumo Museum	Matsuyama, Ehime	Japan	2006
Morimoto (restaurant)	Chelsea Market, Manhattan	United States	2005
Sakura Garden	Osaka	Japan	2006
Omotesando Hills, Jingumae 4-Chome	Tokyo	Japan	2006
House in Shiga	Ōtsu, Shiga	Japan	2006
21 21 Design Sight	Minato, Tokyo	Japan	2007
Stone Hill Center expansion for the Clark Art Institute	Williamstown, Massachusetts	United States	2008^[33]
Glass House	Seopjikoji	South Korea	2008^[34]
Genius Loci	Seopjikoji	South Korea	2008^[34]
Punta della Dogana (restoration)	Venice	Italy	2009^[35]
House, stable, and mausoleum for fashion designer and film director Tom Ford's Cerro Pelon Ranch	near Santa Fe, New Mexico	United States	2009
Rebuilding the Kobe Kaisei Hospital	Nada Ward, Kobe	Japan	2009
Gate of Creation, Universidad de Monterrey	Monterrey	Mexico	2009
NIWAKA Building	Kyoto	Japan	2009^[36]
Capella Niseko Resort and Residences	Niseko, Abuta District, Shiribeshi, Hokkaido Prefecture	Japan	2010
Interior design of Miklós Ybl Villa	Budapest	Hungary	2010
Kaminoge Station, Tokyu Corporation	Tokyo	Japan	2011
Centro Roberto Garza Sada of Art Architecture and Design	Monterrey	Mexico	2012
Akita Museum of Art	Akita, Akita	Japan	2012
Bonte Museum	Seogwipo	South Korea	2012^[34]
Asia Museum of Modern Art	Wufeng, Taichung	Taiwan	2013
Hansol Museum^[37] (Museum SAN)	Wonju	South Korea	2013
Aurora Museum	Shanghai	China	2013
Richard Sachs Residence^[38]^[39]	Malibu	United States	2013
Visitor, Exhibition and Conference Center, Clark Art Institute	Williamstown, Massachusetts	United States	2014
Casa Wabi	Puerto Escondido, Oax	Mexico	2014^[40]
JCC (Jaeneung Culture Center)	Seoul	South Korea	2015^[41]
Hill of the Buddha	Sapporo	Japan	2015
Setouchi Aonagi	Matsuyama, Ehime	Japan	2015
Pearl Art Museum	Shanghai	China	2017
152 Elizabeth Street Condominiums	New York, New York	United States	2018
Wrightwood 659	Chicago	United States	2018^[42]
Nakanoshima Children's Book Forest	Osaka	Japan	2020^[43]

• Works and details of different works by Tadao Ando
•  

  Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art, Kyoto

•  

  Lincoln park house, Chicago

•  

  Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, showing the reflecting pool

•  

  Himeji City Museum of Literature

•  

  Azuma House

•  

  View from Akita Museum of Art

•  

  Mount Rokko Chapel

•  

  Suntory Museum, showing the staircase and the inside structure

•  

  City Museum of Literature

•  

  Chikatsu Asuka museum

•  

  Awaji Yumebutai in Awaji, Hyogo prefecture, Japan

•  

  Awaji Yumebutai, showing the view and the stairs down

•  

  Suntory Museum, the parallelepiped intersecting the spherical body of the IMAX theatre, shown in profile

•  

  Rokko Housing I and II, Kobe

•  

  Vitra Conference Pavillon

•  

  Langen Foundation at night

•  

  Hill of the Buddha, Sapporo, Japan, 2015

Awards

 

Kaminoge Station in Tokyo

 

The interior of the Omotesando Hills shopping complex in Tokyo

Award	Organization/location	Country	Date
Annual Prize (Row House, Sumiyoshi)	Architectural Institute of Japan	Japan	1979
Cultural Design Prize (Rokko Housing One and Two)	Tokyo	Japan	1983
Alvar Aalto Medal	Finnish Association of Architects	Finland	1985
Gold Medal of Architecture	French Academy of Architecture	France	1989
Carlsberg Architectural Prize (International)	New Carlsberg Foundation, Copenhagen	Denmark	1992
Japan Art Academy Prize	Japan Art Academy	Japan	1993
Asahi Prize	Tokyo	Japan	1994
Pritzker Architecture Prize (International)	Chicago	United States	1995
Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres	Paris	France	1995
Praemium Imperiale First “FRATE SOLE” Award in Architecture	Japan Art Association	Japan	1996
Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres	Paris	France	1997
Royal Gold Medal	RIBA	Great Britain	1997
AIA Gold Medal	American Institute of Architects	United States	2002
Kyoto Prize	Inamori Foundation	Japan	2002
Person of Cultural Merit	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	Japan	2003
UIA Gold Medal	International Union of Architects	France	2005
Order of Culture	The Emperor	Japan	2010
Neutra Medal for Professional Excellence	Cal Poly Pomona College of Environmental Design	United States	2012^[44]
Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italy^[45]	Rome	Italy	2013
Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres^[46]	Paris	France	2013
Commandeur de l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur^[47]	Paris	France	2021

References

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2. . The Pritzker Architecture Prize. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
3. "Tadao Ando". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Advameg, Inc. from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
4. 헤럴드경제 (2012-08-29). "일본의 건축 거장 안도 다다오..."늘 도전하고 스스로 깨뜨려라"" (in Korean). from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
5. Makiko Kitamura (September 29, 2009), Bono’s Home Designer Ando Plans Art Center at Provence Winery 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg.
6. "Tadao Ando". Yatzer. 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
7. Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando”. Taschen, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8228-4895-1.
8. Werner Blaser, Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of Silence Birkhäuser, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-6448-3.
9. Goldberger, Paul (1995-04-23). "ARCHITECTURE VIEW; 'Laureate' in a Land of Zen and Microchips". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
10. Jin Baek. (2009). Nothingness : Tadao Ando's Christian Sacred Space. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-282-15316-5. OCLC 742294296.
11. Jin Baek, Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space. Routledge, 2009. ISBN 978-0-415-47854-0.
12. "Tadao Ando Builds With Nature In Mind". Christian Science Monitor. 1994-02-18. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
13. Allen, Eric (23 July 2016). "13 Examples of Modern Architecture by Tadao Ando". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
14. Muschamp, Herbert. (1995). "Among the Fountains with Tadao Ando; Concrete Dreams In the Sun King's Court," New York Times. September 21, 1995.
15. Brandon, Elissaveta M. (23 October 2019). "50 Years of Japan's Changing Architectural Landscape". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
16. Goldberger, Paul. "Architecture View: 'Laureate' in a Land of Zen and Microchips," The New York Times. April 23, 1995.
17. Bassin, Joan. "Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel" 2007-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, National Building Museum exhibition.
18. Nobi, Sacré (25 October 2006). . What We Do Is Secret. Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
19. . 25 November 2001. Archived from the original on 8 April 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
20. Michelle Chan (2000-02-23). "Church of the Light - Tadao Ando". Arch.mcgill.ca. from the original on 2015-09-09. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
21. Floornature - architectural news, design and information resource for ceramic tile and stone 2004-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
22. Williams, Ingrid K (26 August 2011). "Japanese Island as Unlikely Arts Installation". The New York Times. from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
23. "ベネッセアートサイト直島". ベネッセアートサイト直島. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
24. Furuyama, Masao. "Ando (Basic Art Series)". www.taschen.com. p. 71-72. Retrieved 2021-01-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
25. "Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art". Asahibeer-oyamazaki.com. 2013-12-26. from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
26. "Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!". wikimapia.org. from the original on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
27. "Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art". Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art_Architectural Overview. from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
28. Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth 2004-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
29. "C20 condemns the demolition of Tadao Ando's wall in Manchester". Twentieth Century Society. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
30. Chichu Art Museum 2005-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
31. "Langen Foundation". Langenfoundation.de. from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
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33. "Clark Art Institute". Andotadao.org. 2009-03-14. from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
34. Shim, Youngkyu (19 November 2013). . Space Magazine. Seoul. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
35. "Arte contemporanea | Palazzo Grassi" (in Italian). Palazzograssi.it. 2013-12-18. from the original on 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
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37. Woo-young, Lee (16 May 2013). "Nature and art become one at Hansol Museum". The Korea Herald. Seoul. from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
38. Katherine Clarke (February 24, 2020), In Malibu, A Concrete Compound Designed By Japanese Starchitect Asks $75 Million Wall Street Journal.
39. James McClain (September 21, 2021), Kanye West Buys Tadao Ando-Designed Malibu House ARTnews.
40. "Acerca de..About". casawabi. from the original on 2017-04-10. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
41. "Insight Trip_Jaeneung Culture Center and Naksan Park". webzine.etri.re.kr. from the original on 2017-09-28. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
42. "Inside Wrightwood 659, a New Home for Art and Architecture". WTTW News. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
43. "Nakanoshima Children's Book Forest". Retrieved 18 December 2020.
44. "ENV college awards architect Tadao Ando". The Poly Post. from the original on 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
45. web, Segretariato generale della Presidenza della Repubblica-Servizio sistemi informatici- reparto. "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". Quirinale. from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
46. Ambafrance
47. Ambafrance

Literature

• Francesco Dal Co. Tadao Ando: Complete Works. Phaidon Press, 1997. ISBN 0-7148-3717-2
• Kenneth Frampton. Tadao Ando: Buildings, Projects, Writings. Rizzoli International Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-8478-0547-6
• Randall J. Van Vynckt. International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. St. James Press, 1993. ISBN 1-55862-087-7
• Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando”. Taschen, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8228-4895-1
• Werner Blaser, “Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of silence” Birkhäuser, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-6448-3
• Jin Baek, “Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space”. Routledge, 2009. ISBN 978-0-415-47854-0

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tadao Ando.

• Tadao Ando official website 2015-02-11 at the Wayback Machine
• Architect Tadao Ando projects
• Tadao Ando page at greatbuildingsonline.com
• Architectural Record Magazine | Interviews | Tadao Ando
• Tadao Ando at the Museum of Modern Art