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Thomas Sterry Hunt

March 19, 2024

Thomas Sterry Hunt (September 5, 1826 – February 12, 1892) was an American geologist and chemist.

Thomas Sterry Hunt
Born(1826-09-05)September 5, 1826
Norwich, Connecticut
DiedFebruary 12, 1892(1892-02-12) (aged 65)
New York City
Occupation(s)Geologist, chemist
Signature

Biography edit

Hunt was born at Norwich, Connecticut. He lost his father when twelve years old, and had to earn his own livelihood. In the course of two years he found employment in a printing office, in an apothecary shop, in a book store and as a clerk. He became interested in natural science, and especially in chemical and medical studies, and in 1845 he was elected a member of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists at Yale—a body which four years later became the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[1]

In 1848 he read a paper in Philadelphia On Acid Springs and Gypsum Deposits of the Onondaga Salt Group.[2] At Yale he became assistant to Benjamin Silliman Jr., and in 1846 was appointed chemist to the Geological Survey of Vermont. In 1847 he was appointed to similar duties on the Geological Survey of Canada in Montreal under Sir William Logan, and this post he held until 1872.[1] Upon arriving in Canada, Hunt began studying the crystalline rocks of eastern Canada, sulphate and phosphate deposits, the composition of mineral waters, and the oil resources in Enniskillen Township.[3] In the Report of the Geological Survey for 1849-1850, Hunt analyzed a one hundred pound sample of bitumen from Enniskillen Township, noting that the mineral could be used to create asphalt, caulking material for ships or illuminating gas.[4] Hunt's report drew attention to the bitumen despots in Southwestern Ontario and helped ignite the first oil boom in Enniskillen Township.[5][6] In December 1860, Hunt travelled to the Enniskillen oil fields and recorded that James Miller Williams and other entrepreneurs had sunk over 100 oils wells and mined somewhere between 300,000 and 400,000 gallons of oil.[7][8] He resigned to become professor of geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851.[9]

In 1857, he invented a particular kind of ink while teaching at Université Laval, in response to an appeal for measures to fight counterfeiting. The ink ended up being used on various bank notes, including the US government's Civil War bank notes. This is the origin of the term "Greenback (1860s money)".[10]

In 1859 he was elected fellow of the Royal Society, and he was one of the original members and president of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1861, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.[11] He was made Chevalier or the Legion of Honor in France and an honorary doctor of laws of the University of Cambridge. He was a frequent contributor to scientific journals, writing on the crystalline limestones, the origin of continents, the chemistry of the primeval earth, on serpentines, etc. He also wrote a notable Essay on the History of the names Cambrian and Silurian (Canadian Naturalist, 1872), in which the claims of Adam Sedgwick, with respect to the grouping of the Cambrian strata, were forcibly advocated.[1] Hunt was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1873.[12]

Building upon John Tyndall's research on greenhouse gases, Hunt first proposed the theory which linked climate change from the Carboniferous to the modern age to concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in an 1863 submission to the American Journal of Science and Arts.[13] He further explored at a meeting for the British Society for the Advancement of Science in the fall of 1878. This was well before Arrhenius established the theory of the greenhouse effect. Hunt later hypothesized that the high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the geologic past was of cosmic, rather than volcanic, origin.[14]

He died in New York City on February 12, 1892.[15] The Thomas-Sterry-Hunt International Ecological Reserve, an ecological reserve in Quebec, Canada was established on September 7, 1988.

Publications edit

His publications include:

  • Chemical and Geological Essays (1875, ed. 2, 1879)
  • Mineral Physiology and Physiography (1886)
  • A New Basis for Chemistry (1887, ed. 3, 1891)
  • Systematic Mineralogy (1891)[1]

Organizations of which he was president edit

Family edit

 
Anna Hunt

In January, 1878, Thomas Sterry Hunt married Anna Rebecca, daughter of Mr. Justice Gale, of Montreal. She was born and educated in Montreal, Quebec. Her early years were spent on a farm adjacent to Montreal. After her father's death, in 1865, she and her two sisters, Baroness von Friesen, and Mrs. Stuart of Quebec, travelled extensively in Europe. The couple moved to Boston, and travelled extensively both before and after her husband's death in February, 1892. Mrs. Hunt was a linguist, and authored volumes of poems.[16]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hunt, Thomas Sterry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 937.
  2. ^ Frazer, Persifor (1893). "Thomas Sterry Hunt". The American Geologist. 11 (1): 1–13. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  3. ^ Burr, Christina. (2006). Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.
  4. ^ Gray, Earle. (2008). Ontario's petroleum legacy : the birth, evolution and challenges of a global industry. Edmonton: Heritage Community Foundation. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-4593-3970-5. OCLC 842999352.
  5. ^ Burr, Christina. (2006). Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.
  6. ^ May, Gary. (1998). Hard oiler! : the story of canadians' quest for oil at home and abroad. Toronto: Dundurn. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4597-1312-3. OCLC 1127560811.
  7. ^ Gray, Earle. (2005). The great Canadian oil patch : the petroleum era from birth to peak. Edmonton: JuneWarren Pub. p. 24. ISBN 0-9737342-0-5. OCLC 60679720.
  8. ^ Burr, Christina. (2006). Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.
  9. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  10. ^ "The Canadian Roots of the Greenback". Bank of Canada Museum. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  11. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  12. ^ "T. Sperry Hunt". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  13. ^ Hunt, T. Sterry (November 1863). "On the Earth's Climate in Paleozoic Times". American Journal of Science and Arts. 36 (108): 396. Bibcode:1863AmJS...36..396H. doi:10.2475/ajs.s2-36.108.396. S2CID 131501280.
  14. ^ Hunt, T. Sterry. "ART. XLIII.--The Chemical and Geological Relations of the Atmosphere". American Journal of Science. 19 (113): 349.
  15. ^ "Recent Deaths: Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, Chemist and Geologist". Boston Evening Transcript. February 13, 1892. p. 8. Retrieved April 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ Morgan, Henry James, ed. (1903). Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada. Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 169.
  • Duchesne, Raymond (1990). "Hunt, Thomas Sterry". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.

External links edit

  • Hunt's entry in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography
  • Hunt's entry in the Canadian Encyclopedia
  •   Works by or about Thomas Sterry Hunt at Wikisource
  • National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
  • Works by Anna Rebecca Gale Hunt at Faded Page (Canada)
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of the Royal Society of Canada
1884–1885 		Succeeded by

March 19, 2024
thomas, sterry, hunt, september, 1826, february, 1892, american, geologist, chemist, born, 1826, september, 1826norwich, connecticutdiedfebruary, 1892, 1892, aged, york, cityoccupation, geologist, chemistsignature, contents, biography, publications, organizati. Thomas Sterry Hunt September 5 1826 February 12 1892 was an American geologist and chemist Thomas Sterry HuntBorn 1826 09 05 September 5 1826Norwich ConnecticutDiedFebruary 12 1892 1892 02 12 aged 65 New York CityOccupation s Geologist chemistSignature Contents 1 Biography 2 Publications 3 Organizations of which he was president 4 Family 5 References 6 External linksBiography editHunt was born at Norwich Connecticut He lost his father when twelve years old and had to earn his own livelihood In the course of two years he found employment in a printing office in an apothecary shop in a book store and as a clerk He became interested in natural science and especially in chemical and medical studies and in 1845 he was elected a member of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists at Yale a body which four years later became the American Association for the Advancement of Science 1 In 1848 he read a paper in Philadelphia On Acid Springs and Gypsum Deposits of the Onondaga Salt Group 2 At Yale he became assistant to Benjamin Silliman Jr and in 1846 was appointed chemist to the Geological Survey of Vermont In 1847 he was appointed to similar duties on the Geological Survey of Canada in Montreal under Sir William Logan and this post he held until 1872 1 Upon arriving in Canada Hunt began studying the crystalline rocks of eastern Canada sulphate and phosphate deposits the composition of mineral waters and the oil resources in Enniskillen Township 3 In the Report of the Geological Survey for 1849 1850 Hunt analyzed a one hundred pound sample of bitumen from Enniskillen Township noting that the mineral could be used to create asphalt caulking material for ships or illuminating gas 4 Hunt s report drew attention to the bitumen despots in Southwestern Ontario and helped ignite the first oil boom in Enniskillen Township 5 6 In December 1860 Hunt travelled to the Enniskillen oil fields and recorded that James Miller Williams and other entrepreneurs had sunk over 100 oils wells and mined somewhere between 300 000 and 400 000 gallons of oil 7 8 He resigned to become professor of geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 9 In 1857 he invented a particular kind of ink while teaching at Universite Laval in response to an appeal for measures to fight counterfeiting The ink ended up being used on various bank notes including the US government s Civil War bank notes This is the origin of the term Greenback 1860s money 10 In 1859 he was elected fellow of the Royal Society and he was one of the original members and president of the Royal Society of Canada In 1861 he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society 11 He was made Chevalier or the Legion of Honor in France and an honorary doctor of laws of the University of Cambridge He was a frequent contributor to scientific journals writing on the crystalline limestones the origin of continents the chemistry of the primeval earth on serpentines etc He also wrote a notable Essay on the History of the names Cambrian and Silurian Canadian Naturalist 1872 in which the claims of Adam Sedgwick with respect to the grouping of the Cambrian strata were forcibly advocated 1 Hunt was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1873 12 Building upon John Tyndall s research on greenhouse gases Hunt first proposed the theory which linked climate change from the Carboniferous to the modern age to concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in an 1863 submission to the American Journal of Science and Arts 13 He further explored at a meeting for the British Society for the Advancement of Science in the fall of 1878 This was well before Arrhenius established the theory of the greenhouse effect Hunt later hypothesized that the high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the geologic past was of cosmic rather than volcanic origin 14 He died in New York City on February 12 1892 15 The Thomas Sterry Hunt International Ecological Reserve an ecological reserve in Quebec Canada was established on September 7 1988 Publications editHis publications include Chemical and Geological Essays 1875 ed 2 1879 Mineral Physiology and Physiography 1886 A New Basis for Chemistry 1887 ed 3 1891 Systematic Mineralogy 1891 1 Organizations of which he was president editAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science 1870 American Institute of Mining Engineers 1876 American Chemical Society 1879 and 1888 Royal Society of Canada 1884 Family edit nbsp Anna HuntIn January 1878 Thomas Sterry Hunt married Anna Rebecca daughter of Mr Justice Gale of Montreal She was born and educated in Montreal Quebec Her early years were spent on a farm adjacent to Montreal After her father s death in 1865 she and her two sisters Baroness von Friesen and Mrs Stuart of Quebec travelled extensively in Europe The couple moved to Boston and travelled extensively both before and after her husband s death in February 1892 Mrs Hunt was a linguist and authored volumes of poems 16 References edit a b c d nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Hunt Thomas Sterry Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 937 Frazer Persifor 1893 Thomas Sterry Hunt The American Geologist 11 1 1 13 Retrieved August 22 2016 Burr Christina 2006 Canada s Victorian Oil Town the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community Montreal Kingston London and Ithaca McGill Queen s University Press pp 69 70 ISBN 978 0 7735 7590 5 OCLC 951204013 Gray Earle 2008 Ontario s petroleum legacy the birth evolution and challenges of a global industry Edmonton Heritage Community Foundation p 14 ISBN 978 1 4593 3970 5 OCLC 842999352 Burr Christina 2006 Canada s Victorian Oil Town the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community Montreal Kingston London and Ithaca McGill Queen s University Press pp 70 71 ISBN 978 0 7735 7590 5 OCLC 951204013 May Gary 1998 Hard oiler the story of canadians quest for oil at home and abroad Toronto Dundurn p 28 ISBN 978 1 4597 1312 3 OCLC 1127560811 Gray Earle 2005 The great Canadian oil patch the petroleum era from birth to peak Edmonton JuneWarren Pub p 24 ISBN 0 9737342 0 5 OCLC 60679720 Burr Christina 2006 Canada s Victorian Oil Town the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community Montreal Kingston London and Ithaca McGill Queen s University Press p 74 ISBN 978 0 7735 7590 5 OCLC 951204013 Book of Members 1780 2010 Chapter H PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved September 11 2016 The Canadian Roots of the Greenback Bank of Canada Museum Retrieved April 17 2020 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved April 16 2021 T Sperry Hunt National Academy of Sciences Retrieved September 11 2016 Hunt T Sterry November 1863 On the Earth s Climate in Paleozoic Times American Journal of Science and Arts 36 108 396 Bibcode 1863AmJS 36 396H doi 10 2475 ajs s2 36 108 396 S2CID 131501280 Hunt T Sterry ART XLIII The Chemical and Geological Relations of the Atmosphere American Journal of Science 19 113 349 Recent Deaths Dr T Sterry Hunt Chemist and Geologist Boston Evening Transcript February 13 1892 p 8 Retrieved April 27 2022 via Newspapers com Morgan Henry James ed 1903 Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada Toronto Williams Briggs p 169 Duchesne Raymond 1990 Hunt Thomas Sterry In Halpenny Francess G ed Dictionary of Canadian Biography Vol XII 1891 1900 online ed University of Toronto Press External links editHunt s entry in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Hunt s entry in the Canadian Encyclopedia nbsp Works by or about Thomas Sterry Hunt at Wikisource National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir Works by Anna Rebecca Gale Hunt at Faded Page Canada Professional and academic associationsPreceded byPierre Joseph Olivier Chauveau President of the Royal Society of Canada1884 1885 Succeeded byDaniel Wilson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thomas Sterry Hunt amp oldid 1188465605, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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