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Symplocos tinctoria

December 15, 2023

Symplocos tinctoria (the common sweetleaf,[3] horse-sugar, or yellowwood) is a deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree. It is recognized by pith of twigs chambered; by foliage not notably aromatic when bruised, leaves finely hairy beneath. Shrubs or trees to 17 m tall by 36 cm diameter at breast height. The largest first-year twigs are under 3 mm across, terminal buds with acute tip, scales ciliate. Leaves are 7–15 cm long, margin entire or occasionally some teeth on the apical half, with a sweet taste that may be faint in old leaves. It is conspicuous when in flower; flowers opening before new leaves develop, fragrant, in clusters from axils of previous year's leaves or from just above the leaf scars if the leaves have fallen; the petals are creamy yellow to yellow, with one pistil. Fruits nearly cylindrical to ellipsoid drupes 8–12 mm long, with thin pulp and a hard stone containing 1 seed; the tip usually retaining parts of the sepals. Foliage is relished by browsing wildlife. A yellow dye may be obtained from bark and leaves. It flowers Mar to May.[4]

Symplocos tinctoria

Secure (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Symplocaceae
Genus: Symplocos
Species:
S. tinctoria
Binomial name
Symplocos tinctoria
(L.) L'Her.

Distribution and habitat edit

Symplocos tinctoria is native to the southern and eastern United States, to an area from Oklahoma east to Florida and north to Maryland.[5] Occasional, plants are often scattered; uncommonly grouped; thin to dense woods of slopes, bluffs, broad-leaf woods of sandy soils, stream borders and stable dunes. It is the only representative of the genus in North America.

Ecology edit

The foliage is relished by browsing wildlife.[6] The branches are parasitised by galls of Exobasidium symploci that visually resemble fruits of the plant.[7]

Uses edit

A yellow dye was once made from the bark and leaves. The bark was used as a tonic by early American settlers.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ "Symplocos tinctoria". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2018-09-23.
  2. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (2020). "Symplocos tinctoria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T152857812A152905470. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Symplocos tinctoria". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  4. ^ Trees of the Southeastern United States by Wilbur Howard Duncan and Marion Bennett Duncan, 1988, University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, ISBN 0-8203-0954-0
  5. ^ "Symplocos tinctoria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  6. ^ a b Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 643. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
  7. ^ "Symplocos tinctoria (Horsesugar, Horse-sugar, Sweetleaf) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-23.

Gallery edit

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External links edit

December 15, 2023
symplocos, tinctoria, common, sweetleaf, horse, sugar, yellowwood, deciduous, evergreen, shrub, tree, recognized, pith, twigs, chambered, foliage, notably, aromatic, when, bruised, leaves, finely, hairy, beneath, shrubs, trees, tall, diameter, breast, height, . Symplocos tinctoria the common sweetleaf 3 horse sugar or yellowwood is a deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree It is recognized by pith of twigs chambered by foliage not notably aromatic when bruised leaves finely hairy beneath Shrubs or trees to 17 m tall by 36 cm diameter at breast height The largest first year twigs are under 3 mm across terminal buds with acute tip scales ciliate Leaves are 7 15 cm long margin entire or occasionally some teeth on the apical half with a sweet taste that may be faint in old leaves It is conspicuous when in flower flowers opening before new leaves develop fragrant in clusters from axils of previous year s leaves or from just above the leaf scars if the leaves have fallen the petals are creamy yellow to yellow with one pistil Fruits nearly cylindrical to ellipsoid drupes 8 12 mm long with thin pulp and a hard stone containing 1 seed the tip usually retaining parts of the sepals Foliage is relished by browsing wildlife A yellow dye may be obtained from bark and leaves It flowers Mar to May 4 Symplocos tinctoriaConservation statusSecure NatureServe 1 Least Concern IUCN 3 1 2 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder EricalesFamily SymplocaceaeGenus SymplocosSpecies S tinctoriaBinomial nameSymplocos tinctoria L L Her Contents 1 Distribution and habitat 2 Ecology 3 Uses 4 References 5 Gallery 6 External linksDistribution and habitat editSymplocos tinctoria is native to the southern and eastern United States to an area from Oklahoma east to Florida and north to Maryland 5 Occasional plants are often scattered uncommonly grouped thin to dense woods of slopes bluffs broad leaf woods of sandy soils stream borders and stable dunes It is the only representative of the genus in North America Ecology editThe foliage is relished by browsing wildlife 6 The branches are parasitised by galls of Exobasidium symploci that visually resemble fruits of the plant 7 Uses editA yellow dye was once made from the bark and leaves The bark was used as a tonic by early American settlers 6 References edit Symplocos tinctoria NatureServe Explorer NatureServe Retrieved 2018 09 23 IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group amp Botanic Gardens Conservation International BGCI 2020 Symplocos tinctoria IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T152857812A152905470 Retrieved 15 February 2023 USDA NRCS n d Symplocos tinctoria The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 14 July 2016 Trees of the Southeastern United States by Wilbur Howard Duncan and Marion Bennett Duncan 1988 University of Georgia Press Athens Georgia ISBN 0 8203 0954 0 Symplocos tinctoria Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 15 February 2023 a b Little Elbert L 1980 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Eastern Region New York Knopf p 643 ISBN 0 394 50760 6 Symplocos tinctoria Horsesugar Horse sugar Sweetleaf North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox plants ces ncsu edu Retrieved 2023 05 23 Gallery edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp External links edithttp www carolinanature com trees syti html http dendro cnre vt edu dendrology syllabus factsheet cfm ID 364 http www rnr lsu edu plantid species sweetleaf sweetleaf htm http www wildflower org plants result php id plant SYTI http www pfaf org user Plant aspx LatinName Symplocos tinctoria https plants ces ncsu edu plants all symplocos tinctoria http garden org plants view 85584 Sweetleaf Symplocos tinctoria Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Symplocos tinctoria amp oldid 1174166521, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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