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Super Touring

March 01, 2023

For the New Zealand racing class and series active from 2012–2015, see V8SuperTourer.

Super Touring, Class 2 or Class II was a motor racing Touring Cars category defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) for national touring car racing in 1993.[1] It was based on the "2 litre Touring Car Formula" created for the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) in 1990.[2] The FIA organised a World Cup for the category each year from 1993 to 1995, and adopted the term "Super Tourer" from 1995.[3]

1996 Audi A4 Quattro BTCC

Super Touring replaced Group A as the norm in nearly every touring car championship across the world, but escalating costs, and the withdrawal of works teams caused the category to collapse in the late 1990s. The cars looked like regular production road cars, while expensive changes had to be made to provide space for racing tyres inside the standard wheel arches.

An example for this was the German Super Tourenwagen Cup (STW) series, which ran from 1994 to 1999, filling a void left after the end of the 2.5-litre V6-powered Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) in 1996. In 2000, the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (keeping the 'DTM' acronym) resumed with 4.0-litre V8-powered cars.

Regulations

 
Renault Laguna built to Super Touring regulations competing in the British Touring Car Championship

The Super Touring cars were required to be a minimum of 4.20 metres (13.8 ft) in length, with four doors, effectively requiring a small family saloon car as a minimum. No more than 2 litres engine capacity, maximum of six cylinders were permitted, and the engine was required to be naturally aspirated. Only two wheels could be driven and steered.[4] For homologation, initially at least 2500 units of the model used must have been produced. In 1995, in a bid to counter the increasing numbers of homologation specials this number was increased to at least 25,000 units.[5]

There was no restriction on body size and doors until 1993, when it was changed to only allow cars with a minimum of four doors and no smaller than the Euro NCAP 'Small Family Car' class, although 'Large Family Car' tends to dominate the category. Until 1995, teams were only permitted to fit aerodynamic device that were available through dealers, but that changed when, in 1994 BTCC season, Alfa Romeo entered a 155 with Gabriele Tarquini and Giampiero Simoni as drivers. The car had a front spoiler with a bottom piece that could be unscrewed and moved forward, acting as a splitter, and a rear spoiler with a pair of extensions, giving the car more downforce. When Alfa Romeo won the first five rounds, Ford, supported by Vauxhall, made a complaint to the race stewards. TOCA soon decided the aero devices were illegal and Alfa Romeo were stripped of the points they earned at Snetterton and Silverstone (although this decision was later reversed by appeal) and in return, walked out from the Oulton Park race. After this point, Alfa were forced to run their spoilers in the retracted position (the position in which the spoilers were fitted on the road going version, the Alfa 155 Silverstone – of which only 2,500 cars were homologated to allow the use of the aerodynamic devices and higher rev limits for a 1.8-litre car – though the road car was sold with two unfitted spoiler extension brackets). In the meantime, Renault and BMW responded by introducing their own limited edition road cars (Laguna Airflow and 318is, respectively) to enable them to run with oversized aerodynamic aids; Renault would win the Oulton Park race that Alfa Romeo had walked out. Soon after that, the FIA changed the regulation in all series to increase minimum number of produced road cars for homologation to 25,000, and allowing cars to only use non-production aerodynamic devices with a restricted size. Restrictions varied depending on body type, with Volvo having to revert from the 850 Estate to their four-door saloon model the following season when they found themselves to be disadvantaged by the new rules. In the Italian Supertourismo category, teams entered extended spoilers without complaints.

Some series however, would change the rules to suit crowd demands, and competition from rival series, one example, was the Japanese Touring Car Championship (JTCC), which made increases to body width and exhaust noise while restricting front aerodynamic devices in 1997 (which allowed Toyota to use the larger Toyota Chaser); it ultimately backfired when Nissan and Honda left the series at the end of season, leaving Toyota as the only manufacturer that competed. In 1999, a new formula using spaceframe cars came to nothing, and the series was abandoned altogether, as by then Japan's big three all had works entries in the then-JGTC.

In Australia, the series began in 1993 when the Group A regulations for the Australian Touring Car Championship series was replaced by Supercars Group 3A Formula (known as V8 Supercars from 1997 onwards) and Super Touring. The advent of a new management structure and telecast arrangement for V8 Supercars put them in conflict with Bathurst 1000 organisers. Super Touring were offered the chance to compete at Bathurst after race organisers could not come to terms with V8 Supercars. Bathurst City Council and V8 Supercars came to a separate arrangement to host their own breakaway "Australian 1000 Classic" race. Super Touring did not become a viable option, and the third and final race was transformed into a motorsport carnival, with several categories attending and the Super Touring event halved to 500 kilometres (310 mi), before collapsing in the aftermath of the 1999 race. In 2000, in the absence of a rival, the V8 Supercars event took up the Bathurst 1000 name.

During the Super Touring's long run, the category suffered two fatal accidents. In 1995, Gregg Hansford at Phillip Island, and Kieth O'dor at Avus, were involved in fatal accidents as a result of a broken neck caused by their cars' being hit side-on. Soon after, rollcages in competition cars with built-in side impact bars, and seats with head restraints on the side would become mandatory.

One reason for Super Touring's demise was the cost of preparing a car for competition. In 1990, a Vauxhall Cavalier cost £60,000. By the later part of the 90's, a similar car with more sophisticated aerodynamics device and telemetry cost £250,000.[citation needed]

The later World Touring Car Championship regulations are very inspired by the old series, with production-based four-door saloons powered by 2.0-litre engines. Wider wheel arches are allowed, which makes the cars look more spectacular. Cars under S2000 regulations are cheaper than their predecessors, to which serious modifications had to be made to allow for wider tires, lower ride height and different suspension – as the width of Super 2000 cars does not need to be the same as that of the production models, development costs can be kept lower. Various national championships use similar rules.

Although it bears no resemblance to its predecessor, the "Super Touring" name was retained by the Championnat de France de Supertourisme for their 3.0-litre tube frame cars.

List of championships that used the Super Touring formula

Major championships that used the Super Touring formula
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
British Touring Car Championship
Championnat de France de Supertourisme
Italian Superturismo Championship
Touring Car World Cup
Copa de las Naciones
Japanese Touring Car Championship
Super Tourenwagen Cup
Belgian Procar Championship
Swedish Touring Car Championship
Campeonato de España de Turismos
Portuguese Touring Car Championship
Central European Supertouring Car Championship
South African Touring Car Championship
Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship South East Asian Touring Car Challenge
Australian Super Touring Championship
New Zealand Touring Car Championship
North American Touring Car Championship
European Touring Car Championship
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

List of Supertouring homologated cars

Country Marque Model Type No. Start End
  Italy Alfa Romeo 155 M.Y. 1994 ST-7 1 March 1994 31 December 2002
M.Y. 1995 ST-9 1 March 1995 31 December 2003
156 M.Y. 1997 ST-37 1 January 1998 1 January 1998
M.Y. 1998 ST-43 1 November 1998 31 December 2005
  Germany Audi 80 B4 ST-6 1 March 1995 31 December 2003
A4 B5 M.Y. 1995 ST-17 1 April 1995 31 December 2008
B5 M.Y. 1996 ST-28 1 April 1996 31 December 2008
  Germany BMW E36 318is ST-8 1 March 1995 31 December 2004
  United States Chrysler Stratus base ST-30 1 April 1996 31 December 2004
  United Kingdom Ford Mondeo Mk I 4Door ST-19 1 April 1995 31 December 2002
Mk I 5Door ST-20 1 April 1995 31 December 2002
Mk II 4Door M.Y. 1997 ST-34 1 March 1997 31 December 2004
Mk III Zetec ST-45 1 March 1999 31 December 2006
  United Kingdom Honda Accord (fifth generation) LS CC756 ST-1 1 March 1995 31 December 2002
Accord (sixth generation) LS CE856 ST-33 1 March 1997 31 December 2004
CG ST-46 1 March 1999 31 December 2006
  Japan Honda Civic (fifth generation) Ferio 4Door ST-11 1 April 1995 31 December 2002
  Japan Mazda Lantis Coupe 2.0 ST-4 1 March 1995 31 December 2002
Xedos 6 1.0 ST-5 1 March 1995 31 December 2002
  Japan Nissan Primera HP10 ST-21 1 April 1995 31 December 2002
HP11 ST-29 1 April 1996 31 December 2006
Pulsar FN14 ST-10 1 April 1995 31 December 2006
Sunny FB14 ST-23 1 October 1995 31 December 2006
  United Kingdom Primera P11 ST-48 1 January 2000 31 December 2006
  Germany Opel Astra F ST-16 1 April 1995 31 December 2004
Vectra ST-27 1 December 1995 31 December 2006
A ST-15 1 April 1995 31 December 2004
CD ST-39 1 April 1998 31 December 2006
GL Plus ST-40 1 April 1998 31 December 2006
  France Peugeot 405 Signature ST-13 1 April 1995 31 December 2003
406 ST-31 1 April 1996 31 December 2003
M.Y. 1998 ST-38 1 April 1998 31 December 2005
  France Renault Laguna I B56 ST-14 1 April 1995 31 December 2002
B56 M.Y. 1998 ST-38 1 April 1998 31 December 2005
  Spain SEAT Toledo GT ST-22 1 August 1995 31 December 2002
  Japan Toyota Camry SXV11 ST-26 1 January 1996 31 December 2005
Carina E ST191 ST-2 1 March 1995 31 December 2005
Chaser JZX100 ST-47 1 May 1999 31 December 2006
Corolla AE101 ST-3 1 January 1995 31 December 2002
AE110 ST-25 1 January 1996 31 December 2003
Liftback EE111 5Door ST-42 1 July 1998 31 December 2006
Corona EXiV ST202 ST-24 1 October 1995 31 December 2005
  Germany Vauxhall Vectra ST-36 1 November 1997 31 December 2004
  Sweden Volvo 850 T5 Estate ST-12 2 April 1995 1 January 2006
T5 Sedan ST-18 2 April 1995 1 January 2006
S40 ST-32 2 January 1997 1 January 2006
M.Y. 1999 ST-44 2 January 1999 1 January 2007

See also

References

  1. ^ FIA Yearbook, 1993, Green section, page 277, Touring car technical regulations (Class II)
  2. ^ SuperTouring History : 1990 – Small Beginnings Archived 12 September 2012 at archive.today Retrieved from www.SuperTouring.co.uk on 9 December 2008
  3. ^ Automobile Year, 1994/95, page 175
  4. ^ Article 262 – Technical Regulations for Supertouring Cars (Group ST), Appendix J, FIA International Sporting Code, Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, 2001
  5. ^ BTCC Technical Regulations 2 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Super Touring.
  • – history of Super Touring
  • SuperTouringRegister.com – archive of cars built to Super Touring regulations
  • SuperTouringCars.net – Super Touring homepage with cars, facts, links, news, parts, photos
  • Article 262 – Technical Regulations Super Touring Cars (Group ST)
  • Supertcc.com – HSCC Super Touring Car Championship

March 01, 2023
super, touring, zealand, racing, class, series, active, from, 2012, 2015, v8supertourer, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, . For the New Zealand racing class and series active from 2012 2015 see V8SuperTourer This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Super Touring Class 2 or Class II was a motor racing Touring Cars category defined by the Federation Internationale de l Automobile FIA for national touring car racing in 1993 1 It was based on the 2 litre Touring Car Formula created for the British Touring Car Championship BTCC in 1990 2 The FIA organised a World Cup for the category each year from 1993 to 1995 and adopted the term Super Tourer from 1995 3 1996 Audi A4 Quattro BTCC Super Touring replaced Group A as the norm in nearly every touring car championship across the world but escalating costs and the withdrawal of works teams caused the category to collapse in the late 1990s The cars looked like regular production road cars while expensive changes had to be made to provide space for racing tyres inside the standard wheel arches An example for this was the German Super Tourenwagen Cup STW series which ran from 1994 to 1999 filling a void left after the end of the 2 5 litre V6 powered Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft DTM in 1996 In 2000 the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters keeping the DTM acronym resumed with 4 0 litre V8 powered cars Contents 1 Regulations 2 List of championships that used the Super Touring formula 3 List of Supertouring homologated cars 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksRegulations Edit Renault Laguna built to Super Touring regulations competing in the British Touring Car Championship The Super Touring cars were required to be a minimum of 4 20 metres 13 8 ft in length with four doors effectively requiring a small family saloon car as a minimum No more than 2 litres engine capacity maximum of six cylinders were permitted and the engine was required to be naturally aspirated Only two wheels could be driven and steered 4 For homologation initially at least 2500 units of the model used must have been produced In 1995 in a bid to counter the increasing numbers of homologation specials this number was increased to at least 25 000 units 5 There was no restriction on body size and doors until 1993 when it was changed to only allow cars with a minimum of four doors and no smaller than the Euro NCAP Small Family Car class although Large Family Car tends to dominate the category Until 1995 teams were only permitted to fit aerodynamic device that were available through dealers but that changed when in 1994 BTCC season Alfa Romeo entered a 155 with Gabriele Tarquini and Giampiero Simoni as drivers The car had a front spoiler with a bottom piece that could be unscrewed and moved forward acting as a splitter and a rear spoiler with a pair of extensions giving the car more downforce When Alfa Romeo won the first five rounds Ford supported by Vauxhall made a complaint to the race stewards TOCA soon decided the aero devices were illegal and Alfa Romeo were stripped of the points they earned at Snetterton and Silverstone although this decision was later reversed by appeal and in return walked out from the Oulton Park race After this point Alfa were forced to run their spoilers in the retracted position the position in which the spoilers were fitted on the road going version the Alfa 155 Silverstone of which only 2 500 cars were homologated to allow the use of the aerodynamic devices and higher rev limits for a 1 8 litre car though the road car was sold with two unfitted spoiler extension brackets In the meantime Renault and BMW responded by introducing their own limited edition road cars Laguna Airflow and 318is respectively to enable them to run with oversized aerodynamic aids Renault would win the Oulton Park race that Alfa Romeo had walked out Soon after that the FIA changed the regulation in all series to increase minimum number of produced road cars for homologation to 25 000 and allowing cars to only use non production aerodynamic devices with a restricted size Restrictions varied depending on body type with Volvo having to revert from the 850 Estate to their four door saloon model the following season when they found themselves to be disadvantaged by the new rules In the Italian Supertourismo category teams entered extended spoilers without complaints Some series however would change the rules to suit crowd demands and competition from rival series one example was the Japanese Touring Car Championship JTCC which made increases to body width and exhaust noise while restricting front aerodynamic devices in 1997 which allowed Toyota to use the larger Toyota Chaser it ultimately backfired when Nissan and Honda left the series at the end of season leaving Toyota as the only manufacturer that competed In 1999 a new formula using spaceframe cars came to nothing and the series was abandoned altogether as by then Japan s big three all had works entries in the then JGTC In Australia the series began in 1993 when the Group A regulations for the Australian Touring Car Championship series was replaced by Supercars Group 3A Formula known as V8 Supercars from 1997 onwards and Super Touring The advent of a new management structure and telecast arrangement for V8 Supercars put them in conflict with Bathurst 1000 organisers Super Touring were offered the chance to compete at Bathurst after race organisers could not come to terms with V8 Supercars Bathurst City Council and V8 Supercars came to a separate arrangement to host their own breakaway Australian 1000 Classic race Super Touring did not become a viable option and the third and final race was transformed into a motorsport carnival with several categories attending and the Super Touring event halved to 500 kilometres 310 mi before collapsing in the aftermath of the 1999 race In 2000 in the absence of a rival the V8 Supercars event took up the Bathurst 1000 name During the Super Touring s long run the category suffered two fatal accidents In 1995 Gregg Hansford at Phillip Island and Kieth O dor at Avus were involved in fatal accidents as a result of a broken neck caused by their cars being hit side on Soon after rollcages in competition cars with built in side impact bars and seats with head restraints on the side would become mandatory One reason for Super Touring s demise was the cost of preparing a car for competition In 1990 a Vauxhall Cavalier cost 60 000 By the later part of the 90 s a similar car with more sophisticated aerodynamics device and telemetry cost 250 000 citation needed The later World Touring Car Championship regulations are very inspired by the old series with production based four door saloons powered by 2 0 litre engines Wider wheel arches are allowed which makes the cars look more spectacular Cars under S2000 regulations are cheaper than their predecessors to which serious modifications had to be made to allow for wider tires lower ride height and different suspension as the width of Super 2000 cars does not need to be the same as that of the production models development costs can be kept lower Various national championships use similar rules Although it bears no resemblance to its predecessor the Super Touring name was retained by the Championnat de France de Supertourisme for their 3 0 litre tube frame cars List of championships that used the Super Touring formula EditMajor championships that used the Super Touring formula1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002British Touring Car ChampionshipChampionnat de France de SupertourismeItalian Superturismo ChampionshipTouring Car World CupCopa de las NacionesJapanese Touring Car ChampionshipSuper Tourenwagen CupBelgian Procar ChampionshipSwedish Touring Car ChampionshipCampeonato de Espana de TurismosPortuguese Touring Car ChampionshipCentral European Supertouring Car ChampionshipSouth African Touring Car ChampionshipAsia Pacific Touring Car Championship South East Asian Touring Car ChallengeAustralian Super Touring ChampionshipNew Zealand Touring Car ChampionshipNorth American Touring Car ChampionshipEuropean Touring Car Championship1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002List of Supertouring homologated cars EditCountry Marque Model Type No Start End Italy Alfa Romeo 155 M Y 1994 ST 7 1 March 1994 31 December 2002M Y 1995 ST 9 1 March 1995 31 December 2003156 M Y 1997 ST 37 1 January 1998 1 January 1998M Y 1998 ST 43 1 November 1998 31 December 2005 Germany Audi 80 B4 ST 6 1 March 1995 31 December 2003A4 B5 M Y 1995 ST 17 1 April 1995 31 December 2008B5 M Y 1996 ST 28 1 April 1996 31 December 2008 Germany BMW E36 318is ST 8 1 March 1995 31 December 2004 United States Chrysler Stratus base ST 30 1 April 1996 31 December 2004 United Kingdom Ford Mondeo Mk I 4Door ST 19 1 April 1995 31 December 2002Mk I 5Door ST 20 1 April 1995 31 December 2002Mk II 4Door M Y 1997 ST 34 1 March 1997 31 December 2004Mk III Zetec ST 45 1 March 1999 31 December 2006 United Kingdom Honda Accord fifth generation LS CC756 ST 1 1 March 1995 31 December 2002Accord sixth generation LS CE856 ST 33 1 March 1997 31 December 2004CG ST 46 1 March 1999 31 December 2006 Japan Honda Civic fifth generation Ferio 4Door ST 11 1 April 1995 31 December 2002 Japan Mazda Lantis Coupe 2 0 ST 4 1 March 1995 31 December 2002Xedos 6 1 0 ST 5 1 March 1995 31 December 2002 Japan Nissan Primera HP10 ST 21 1 April 1995 31 December 2002HP11 ST 29 1 April 1996 31 December 2006Pulsar FN14 ST 10 1 April 1995 31 December 2006Sunny FB14 ST 23 1 October 1995 31 December 2006 United Kingdom Primera P11 ST 48 1 January 2000 31 December 2006 Germany Opel Astra F ST 16 1 April 1995 31 December 2004Vectra ST 27 1 December 1995 31 December 2006A ST 15 1 April 1995 31 December 2004CD ST 39 1 April 1998 31 December 2006GL Plus ST 40 1 April 1998 31 December 2006 France Peugeot 405 Signature ST 13 1 April 1995 31 December 2003406 ST 31 1 April 1996 31 December 2003M Y 1998 ST 38 1 April 1998 31 December 2005 France Renault Laguna I B56 ST 14 1 April 1995 31 December 2002B56 M Y 1998 ST 38 1 April 1998 31 December 2005 Spain SEAT Toledo GT ST 22 1 August 1995 31 December 2002 Japan Toyota Camry SXV11 ST 26 1 January 1996 31 December 2005Carina E ST191 ST 2 1 March 1995 31 December 2005Chaser JZX100 ST 47 1 May 1999 31 December 2006Corolla AE101 ST 3 1 January 1995 31 December 2002AE110 ST 25 1 January 1996 31 December 2003Liftback EE111 5Door ST 42 1 July 1998 31 December 2006Corona EXiV ST202 ST 24 1 October 1995 31 December 2005 Germany Vauxhall Vectra ST 36 1 November 1997 31 December 2004 Sweden Volvo 850 T5 Estate ST 12 2 April 1995 1 January 2006T5 Sedan ST 18 2 April 1995 1 January 2006S40 ST 32 2 January 1997 1 January 2006M Y 1999 ST 44 2 January 1999 1 January 2007See also EditGroup 2 racing Group A Class 1 Touring Cars Super 2000 Diesel 2000References Edit FIA Yearbook 1993 Green section page 277 Touring car technical regulations Class II SuperTouring History 1990 Small Beginnings Archived 12 September 2012 at archive today Retrieved from www SuperTouring co uk on 9 December 2008 Automobile Year 1994 95 page 175 Article 262 Technical Regulations for Supertouring Cars Group ST Appendix J FIA International Sporting Code Federation Internationale de l Automobile 2001 BTCC Technical Regulations Archived 2 December 2008 at the Wayback MachineExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Super Touring SuperTouring co uk history of Super Touring SuperTouringRegister com archive of cars built to Super Touring regulations SuperTouringCars net Super Touring homepage with cars facts links news parts photos Article 262 Technical Regulations Super Touring Cars Group ST Supertcc com HSCC Super Touring Car Championship Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Super Touring amp oldid 1132556152, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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