A booby is a seabird in the genusSula, part of the familySulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (Morus), which were formerly included in Sula.
The English name "booby" was possibly based on the Spanishslang term bobo, meaning "stupid",[6] as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, notably William Bligh of the Bounty and his adherents during their famous voyage after being set adrift by Fletcher Christian and his followers.
Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called boobies are in the genus Sula, while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus Morus.[7]Abbott's booby was formerly included in Sula but is now placed in a monotypic genus Papasula, which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to Morus. Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered congeneric in Sula. However, they are readily distinguished by means of osteology. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle Miocene, c.15mya.[8]
The fossil record of boobies is not as well documented as that of gannets, either because booby speciation was lower from the late Miocene to the Pliocene (when gannet diversity was at its highest), or because the booby fossil species record is as yet incomplete, due to most localities being in continental North America or Europe despite boobies' more tropical distribution.
Boobies hunt fish by diving from a height into the sea and pursuing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin cushion the impact with the water. Boobies are colonial breeders on islands and coasts. They normally lay one or more chalky-blue eggs on the ground or sometimes in a tree nest. Selective pressures, likely through competition for resource, have shaped the ecomorphology and foraging behaviours of the six species of boobies in the Pacific.[9]
^"Sula Brisson 1760 (booby)". PBDB. from the original on 2021-08-08. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
^Patterson, S.A.; Morris-Pocock, J.A.; Friesen, V.L (2011). "A multilocus phylogeny of the Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58 (2): 181–191. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.021. PMID 21144905.
^Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1 p. 60, Vol. 6 p.494.
^Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 181. from the original on 2021-08-08. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
^Friesen, V. L.; Anderson, D. J.; Steeves, T.E.; Jones, H.; Schreiber, E.A. (2002). "Molecular support for species status of the Nazca Booby". The Auk. 119 (3): 820–826. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0820:MSFSSO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 82903466.
^Olson, Storrs L. (1985). "The Fossil Record of Birds (Section X.G.5.a Sulidae)". In Farner, D.S.; King, D.S.; Parkes, K.C. (eds.). Avian Biology. Vol. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 79–238 [203–204]. hdl:10088/6553. from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
^van Oordt, F.; Torres-Mura, J. C.; Hertel, F. (2018). "Ecomorphology and foraging behaviour of Pacific boobies". Ibis. 160 (2): 313–326. doi:10.1111/ibi.12545.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Sula nebouxii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22696683A132588719. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696683A132588719.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Sula leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22696698A132590197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696698A132590197.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Sula dactylatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22736173A132666363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22736173A132666363.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Sula granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22728990A132659882. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728990A132659882.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Sula variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22696686A132589026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696686A132589026.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^BirdLife International (2018). "Sula sula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22696694A132589278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696694A132589278.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sula.
Videos of several Booby species on The Internet Bird Collection. 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
January 01, 1970
booby, this, article, about, seabird, other, uses, disambiguation, booby, seabird, genus, sula, part, family, sulidae, boobies, closely, related, gannets, morus, which, were, formerly, included, sula, temporal, range, miocene, langhian, recent, blue, footed, b. This article is about the seabird For other uses see Booby disambiguation A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula part of the family Sulidae Boobies are closely related to the gannets Morus which were formerly included in Sula BoobyTemporal range Miocene Langhian recent 1 Blue footed booby displaying by raising a foot Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Suliformes Family Sulidae Genus SulaBrisson 1760 Type species Pelecanus leucogasterBoddaert 1783 Red footed booby Sula sula Brown booby Sula leucogaster Masked booby Sula dactylatra Nazca booby Sula granti Blue footed booby Sula nebouxii Peruvian booby Sula variegata Cladogram showing the species in the genus Sula 2 Contents 1 Systematics and evolution 2 Behaviour 3 List of species 4 References 5 External linksSystematics and evolutionThe genus Sula was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 3 The type species is the brown booby 4 The name is derived from sula the Old Norse and Icelandic word for the other member of the family Sulidae the gannet 5 The English name booby was possibly based on the Spanish slang term bobo meaning stupid 6 as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships where they were easily captured and eaten Owing to this boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors notably William Bligh of the Bounty and his adherents during their famous voyage after being set adrift by Fletcher Christian and his followers Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called boobies are in the genus Sula while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus Morus 7 Abbott s booby was formerly included in Sula but is now placed in a monotypic genus Papasula which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to Morus Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered congeneric in Sula However they are readily distinguished by means of osteology The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form since at least the Middle Miocene c 15 mya 8 The fossil record of boobies is not as well documented as that of gannets either because booby speciation was lower from the late Miocene to the Pliocene when gannet diversity was at its highest or because the booby fossil species record is as yet incomplete due to most localities being in continental North America or Europe despite boobies more tropical distribution BehaviourSee also Seabird breeding behavior Mating dances Boobies hunt fish by diving from a height into the sea and pursuing their prey underwater Facial air sacs under their skin cushion the impact with the water Boobies are colonial breeders on islands and coasts They normally lay one or more chalky blue eggs on the ground or sometimes in a tree nest Selective pressures likely through competition for resource have shaped the ecomorphology and foraging behaviours of the six species of boobies in the Pacific 9 List of speciesGenus Sula Brisson 1760 six species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Blue footed booby nbsp Sula nebouxii Milne Edwards 1882 Two subspecies S n nebouxii Milne Edwards 1882 Pacific coast of Southern and Middle AmericaS n excisa Todd 1948 Galapagos Islands Gulf of California down along the western coasts of Central and South America down to Peru nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC 10 Brown booby nbsp Sula leucogaster Boddaert 1783 Four subspecies S l leucogaster Boddaert 1783 Caribbean and Atlantic IslandsS l brewsteri Nathaniel Stickney Goss 1888 Pacific coasts of USA and MexicoS l etesiaca Thayer amp Bangs 1905 Pacific coasts of Central America and ColombiaS l plotus Forster JR 1844 Red Sea through the Indian Ocean to the west and central Pacific islands and coasts in the pantropical areas of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC 11 Masked booby nbsp Sula dactylatra Lesson 1831 Four subspecies S d dactylatra Lesson 1831S d melanops Hartlaub 1859S d tasmani van Tets Meredith Fullagar amp Davidson 1988S d personata Gould 1846 islands in tropical oceans nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC 12 Nazca booby nbsp Sula granti Rothschild 1902 eastern Pacific from the islands in Baja California to the Galapagos islands and the Isla de la Plata in Ecuador and Malpelo in Colombia nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC 13 Peruvian booby nbsp Sula variegata Tschudi 1843 Peru nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC 14 Red footed booby nbsp Sula sula Linnaeus 1766 Three subspecies S s sula Linnaeus 1766 Caribbean and southwest Atlantic islandsS s rubripes Gould 1838 tropical Pacific and Indian OceansS s websteri Rothschild 1898 eastern central Pacific Sri Lanka Christmas Island eastern central Pacific nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC 15 References Sula Brisson 1760 booby PBDB Archived from the original on 2021 08 08 Retrieved 2019 07 08 Patterson S A Morris Pocock J A Friesen V L 2011 A multilocus phylogeny of the Sulidae Aves Pelecaniformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58 2 181 191 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2010 11 021 PMID 21144905 Brisson Mathurin Jacques 1760 Ornithologie ou Methode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres sections genres especes amp leurs varietes in French and Latin Vol 1 Paris Jean Baptiste Bauche Vol 1 p 60 Vol 6 p 494 Mayr Ernst Cottrell G William eds 1979 Check list of Birds of the World Vol 1 2nd ed Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology p 181 Archived from the original on 2021 08 08 Retrieved 2017 11 21 Sula n Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required booby n Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Friesen V L Anderson D J Steeves T E Jones H Schreiber E A 2002 Molecular support for species status of the Nazca Booby The Auk 119 3 820 826 doi 10 1642 0004 8038 2002 119 0820 MSFSSO 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 82903466 Olson Storrs L 1985 The Fossil Record of Birds Section X G 5 a Sulidae In Farner D S King D S Parkes K C eds Avian Biology Vol 8 New York Academic Press pp 79 238 203 204 hdl 10088 6553 Archived from the original on 2021 04 10 Retrieved 2017 11 22 van Oordt F Torres Mura J C Hertel F 2018 Ecomorphology and foraging behaviour of Pacific boobies Ibis 160 2 313 326 doi 10 1111 ibi 12545 BirdLife International 2018 Sula nebouxii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22696683A132588719 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22696683A132588719 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 BirdLife International 2018 Sula leucogaster IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22696698A132590197 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22696698A132590197 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 BirdLife International 2018 Sula dactylatra IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22736173A132666363 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22736173A132666363 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 BirdLife International 2018 Sula granti IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22728990A132659882 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22728990A132659882 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 BirdLife International 2018 Sula variegata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22696686A132589026 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22696686A132589026 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 BirdLife International 2018 Sula sula IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22696694A132589278 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22696694A132589278 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sula Videos of several Booby species on The Internet Bird Collection Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Booby amp oldid 1222439125, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
