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Streaked spinefoot

The streaked spinefoot (Siganus javus), also known as the Java rabbitfish, blue-spotted spinefoot, blue-spotted trevally, Java spinefoot or white-spotted rabbit-fish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae. It is found throughout most of the Indo-Pacific region.

Streaked spinefoot
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Siganidae
Genus: Siganus
Species:
S. javus
Binomial name
Siganus javus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms[2]
  • Teuthis javus Linnaeus, 1766
  • Amphacanthus javus (Linnaeus, 1766)
  • Teuthis brevirostris Gronow, 1854

Taxonomy edit

The streaked spinefoot was first formally described in 1766 as Teuthis javus by Carl Linnaeus with the type locality given as being near Java in Indonesia.[3] The genus Linnaeus placed it in, Teuthis, has the type species Teuthis hepatus for which one of the type specimens looks like this species, although the other is definitely not a rabbitfish, and the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has been asked to suppress the name Teuthis in favour of Siganus to reflect the prevailing usage.[4] The specific name is a latinisation of Java, the type locality.[5]

Description edit

The streaked spinefoot has a laterally compressed body which has a depth that is just under half its standard length. The head is relatively small for a deep-bodied rabbitfish and has a slight indentation above the eyes. The front nostril has a small triangular flap which extends back half of the distance between the front and rear nostrils. There is a forward pointing spine in front of the dorsal fin which is imbedded in the nape.[6] Like all rabbitfishes, the dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft rays.[2] The caudal fin is emarginate.[6] This species attains a maximum total length of 53 cm (21 in), although 30 cm (12 in) is more typical.[2] The overall colour is grey, fading to whitish on the lower body but the cheeks and lips are yellow. There are a large number of small white spots on the head and upper body, irregular sinuous stripes on the mid to lower flanks and a blackish area covering the majority of the caudal fin.[7] The dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins have golden coloured spines and rays while their membranes may be dusky or golden and the pectoral fins are golden hyaline.[6]

Distribution and habitat edit

The streaked spinefoot is found from the Persian Gulf west to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, north to the Taiwan and south to northern Australia.[1] In Australia it has been recorded from Darwin, Northern Territory to north of Townsville in Queensland.[7] There is a single record from the Mediterranean Sea, an individual was caught of Syria in 2009 but the origin of this specimen is not known.[8] It can be found at depths between 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and 25 m (82 ft)[1] in shallow coastal waters, in brackish lagoons and on rocky and coral reefs.[7]

Biology edit

The streaked spinefoot occurs in small schools of as many as 10 individuals which feed on benthic algae and on pieces of alga floating in the water column. They often rest in midwater at depths between 2 and 6 m (6 ft 7 in and 19 ft 8 in) when they are not feeding.[2]

Venom edit

The streaked spinefoot has grooves in the spines of the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins which contain venom glands. The wound caused by these spines may be relatively painful to humans, but is usually not dangerous. The spines are used in self-defence.[9] In a study of the venom of a congener it was found that rabbitfish venom was similar to the venom of stonefishes.[10]

Utilisation edit

The streaked spinefoot is caught using seine nets, gillnets, and in fixed traps and the fish landed are sold as fresh fish. This species is used in aquaculture alongside Siganus sutor in Iran.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Carpenter, K.E. & Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Siganus javus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T46088399A115395214. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T46088399A46664914.en. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Siganus javus" in FishBase. June 2021 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Siganus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  4. ^ Maurice Kottelat (2013). "The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement No. 27).
  5. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021). "Order Acanthuriformes (part 2): Families Ephippidae, Leiognathidae, Scatophagidae, Antigoniidae, Siganidae, Caproidae, Luvaridae, Zanclidae and Acanthuridae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  6. ^ a b c D.J. Woodland (2001). "Siganidae". In Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammal (PDF). FAO Rome. p. 3638. ISBN 92-5-104587-9.
  7. ^ a b c Dianne J. Bray. "Siganus javus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  8. ^ Ibrahim, Amir; Lahlah, M; Kassab, M; Ghanem, Wassem & Ogaily, S. (2010). "Signatus javus, A new record from the Syrian waters, with a reference to the growth & feeding of two Lessepsian fish". CIESM Workshop Monographs. 39: 544.
  9. ^ "Streaked rabbitfish". Wild Singapore. Rita Tan. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  10. ^ Kiriake A; Ishizaki S; Nagashima Y; Shiomi K (2017). "Occurrence of a stonefish toxin-like toxin in the venom of the rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens". Toxicon. 140: 139–146. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.015. PMID 29055787.

External links edit

  • Photos of Streaked spinefoot on Sealife Collection

streaked, spinefoot, streaked, spinefoot, siganus, javus, also, known, java, rabbitfish, blue, spotted, spinefoot, blue, spotted, trevally, java, spinefoot, white, spotted, rabbit, fish, species, marine, finned, fish, rabbitfish, belonging, family, siganidae, . The streaked spinefoot Siganus javus also known as the Java rabbitfish blue spotted spinefoot blue spotted trevally Java spinefoot or white spotted rabbit fish is a species of marine ray finned fish a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae It is found throughout most of the Indo Pacific region Streaked spinefoot Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Family Siganidae Genus Siganus Species S javus Binomial name Siganus javus Linnaeus 1766 Synonyms 2 Teuthis javus Linnaeus 1766 Amphacanthus javus Linnaeus 1766 Teuthis brevirostris Gronow 1854 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Biology 4 1 Venom 5 Utilisation 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe streaked spinefoot was first formally described in 1766 as Teuthis javus by Carl Linnaeus with the type locality given as being near Java in Indonesia 3 The genus Linnaeus placed it in Teuthis has the type species Teuthis hepatus for which one of the type specimens looks like this species although the other is definitely not a rabbitfish and the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has been asked to suppress the name Teuthis in favour of Siganus to reflect the prevailing usage 4 The specific name is a latinisation of Java the type locality 5 Description editThe streaked spinefoot has a laterally compressed body which has a depth that is just under half its standard length The head is relatively small for a deep bodied rabbitfish and has a slight indentation above the eyes The front nostril has a small triangular flap which extends back half of the distance between the front and rear nostrils There is a forward pointing spine in front of the dorsal fin which is imbedded in the nape 6 Like all rabbitfishes the dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft rays 2 The caudal fin is emarginate 6 This species attains a maximum total length of 53 cm 21 in although 30 cm 12 in is more typical 2 The overall colour is grey fading to whitish on the lower body but the cheeks and lips are yellow There are a large number of small white spots on the head and upper body irregular sinuous stripes on the mid to lower flanks and a blackish area covering the majority of the caudal fin 7 The dorsal anal and pelvic fins have golden coloured spines and rays while their membranes may be dusky or golden and the pectoral fins are golden hyaline 6 Distribution and habitat editThe streaked spinefoot is found from the Persian Gulf west to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu north to the Taiwan and south to northern Australia 1 In Australia it has been recorded from Darwin Northern Territory to north of Townsville in Queensland 7 There is a single record from the Mediterranean Sea an individual was caught of Syria in 2009 but the origin of this specimen is not known 8 It can be found at depths between 1 m 3 ft 3 in and 25 m 82 ft 1 in shallow coastal waters in brackish lagoons and on rocky and coral reefs 7 Biology editThe streaked spinefoot occurs in small schools of as many as 10 individuals which feed on benthic algae and on pieces of alga floating in the water column They often rest in midwater at depths between 2 and 6 m 6 ft 7 in and 19 ft 8 in when they are not feeding 2 Venom edit The streaked spinefoot has grooves in the spines of the dorsal anal and pelvic fins which contain venom glands The wound caused by these spines may be relatively painful to humans but is usually not dangerous The spines are used in self defence 9 In a study of the venom of a congener it was found that rabbitfish venom was similar to the venom of stonefishes 10 Utilisation editThe streaked spinefoot is caught using seine nets gillnets and in fixed traps and the fish landed are sold as fresh fish This species is used in aquaculture alongside Siganus sutor in Iran 1 References edit a b c d Carpenter K E amp Smith Vaniz W F 2017 errata version of 2016 assessment Siganus javus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T46088399A115395214 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T46088399A46664914 en Retrieved 27 August 2021 a b c d Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2021 Siganus javus in FishBase June 2021 version Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Species in the genus Siganus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 27 August 2021 Maurice Kottelat 2013 The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters mangroves and estuaries Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No 27 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 12 January 2021 Order Acanthuriformes part 2 Families Ephippidae Leiognathidae Scatophagidae Antigoniidae Siganidae Caproidae Luvaridae Zanclidae and Acanthuridae The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 27 August 2021 a b c D J Woodland 2001 Siganidae In Carpenter K E and Niem V H eds FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 6 Bony fishes part 4 Labridae to Latimeriidae estuarine crocodiles sea turtles sea snakes and marine mammal PDF FAO Rome p 3638 ISBN 92 5 104587 9 a b c Dianne J Bray Siganus javus Fishes of Australia Museums Victoria Retrieved 27 August 2021 Ibrahim Amir Lahlah M Kassab M Ghanem Wassem amp Ogaily S 2010 Signatus javus A new record from the Syrian waters with a reference to the growth amp feeding of two Lessepsian fish CIESM Workshop Monographs 39 544 Streaked rabbitfish Wild Singapore Rita Tan Retrieved 27 August 2021 Kiriake A Ishizaki S Nagashima Y Shiomi K 2017 Occurrence of a stonefish toxin like toxin in the venom of the rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens Toxicon 140 139 146 doi 10 1016 j toxicon 2017 10 015 PMID 29055787 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Siganus javus Photos of Streaked spinefoot on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Streaked spinefoot amp oldid 1192726488, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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