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Wikipedia

Stoke-on-Trent

May 01, 2023

This article is about the city in Staffordshire, England. For other uses, see Stoke-on-Trent (disambiguation).

Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England, with an area of 36 square miles (93 km2). In 2019, the city had an estimated population of 256,375.[9] It is the largest settlement in Staffordshire and is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove, Biddulph and Stone, which form a conurbation around the city.

Stoke-on-Trent
City and unitary authority
From top left: Stoke Minster in Stoke-upon-Trent, Trentham Gardens, Wedgwood Institute, Tower Square in Tunstall, Bottle Kilns in Burslem and Stoke City Centre (Aka Hanley).
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
"Stoke", "The Potteries", "the city of six towns"
Motto: 
Vis Unita Fortior (united strength is stronger)
Stoke-on-Trent shown within Staffordshire and England
Stoke-on-Trent
Location within England
Stoke-on-Trent
Location within the United Kingdom
Stoke-on-Trent
Location within Europe
Coordinates: 53°00′N 2°11′W / 53.000°N 2.183°W / 53.000; -2.183Coordinates: 53°00′N 2°11′W / 53.000°N 2.183°W / 53.000; -2.183
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionWest Midlands
Ceremonial countyStaffordshire
County Borough established31 March 1910
City status5 June 1925[1]
Unitary authority1 April 1998
Administrative HQStoke-upon-Trent (Civic Centre)
Government
[2][3][4]
 • TypeUnitary authority
 • BodyStoke-on-Trent City Council
 • LeadershipLeader and cabinet
 • ExecutiveIndependent / Conservative
 • Leader of the CouncilCllr Abi Brown (Conservative)
 • MPsJo Gideon (C)
Jonathan Gullis (C)
Jack Brereton (C)
Area
 • City36.08 sq mi (93.45 km2)
 • Urban
40.1 sq mi (103.9 km2)
 • Rank223rd
Highest elevation
[5] (52°57′33″N 2°6′36″W / 52.95917°N 2.11000°W / 52.95917; -2.11000)
820 ft (250 m)
Lowest elevation
[6] (52°58′37″N 2°12′15″W / 52.97694°N 2.20417°W / 52.97694; -2.20417)
315 ft (96 m)
Population
 (2021)[9]
 • City258,366
 • Rank69th
 • Density7,160/sq mi (2,765/km2)
 • Urban
372,775 (19th)
 • Urban density9,290/sq mi (3,588/km2)
 • Metro
678,000 (17th)
 • Ethnicity
88.7% White
7.4% Asian
1.4% Black
1.8% Mixed Race
0.7% Other[7]
 • Religion
60.9% Christian
6.0% Muslim
1.5% Other
31.6% None/Not stated[8]
DemonymsStokie
Potter (colloq.)
Time zoneUTC±0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode area
ST
Dialling code01782
ISO 3166 codeGB-STE
Vehicle registration prefixD
GSS codeE06000021
NUTS 3 codeUKG23
Trunk primary routesA50
A500
Major railway stationsStoke-on-Trent (C1)
Websitewww.stoke.gov.uk

Stoke is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from Stoke-upon-Trent where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre; the other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

Stoke-on-Trent is the home of the pottery industry in England and known as The Potteries. Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation, it is now a centre for service industries and distribution centres.

History

Toponymy and etymology

The name Stoke is taken from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, the original ancient parish, with other settlements being chapelries.[10] Stoke derives from the Old English stoc, a word that at first meant little more than place, but which subsequently gained more specific – but divergent – connotations. These variant meanings included dairy farm, secondary or dependent place or farm, summer pasture, crossing place, meeting place and place of worship. It is not known which of these was intended here, and all are plausible. The most frequently suggested interpretations derive from a crossing point on the Roman road that ran from present-day Derby to Chesterton or the early presence of a church, said to have been founded in 670 AD. Because Stoke was such a common name for a settlement, some kind of distinguishing affix was usually added later, in this case the name of the river.

The motto of Stoke-on-Trent is Vis Unita Fortior which can be translated as: United Strength is Stronger, or Strength United is the More Powerful, or A United Force is Stronger.[11]

Administration

See also: Federation of Stoke-on-Trent

An early proposal for a federation took place in 1888, when an amendment was raised to the Local Government Bill which would have made the six towns into districts within a county of "Staffordshire Potteries". It was not until 1 April 1910 that the "Six Towns" were brought together. The county borough of Hanley, the municipal boroughs of Burslem, Longton, and Stoke, together with the urban districts of Tunstall and Fenton now formed a single county borough of Stoke-on-Trent.[12]

In 1919, the borough proposed to expand further and annex the neighbouring borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme and the Wolstanton United Urban District, both to the west of Stoke. This never took place, due to strong objections from Newcastle Corporation.[13] A further attempt was made in 1930, with the promotion of the Stoke-on-Trent Extension Bill.[14] Ultimately, Wolstanton was instead added to Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1932. Although attempts to take Newcastle, Wolstanton and Kidsgrove (north of Tunstall) were never successful, the borough did expand in 1922, taking in Smallthorne Urban District and parts of other parishes from Stoke upon Trent Rural District. The borough was officially granted city status in 1925, with a lord mayor from 1928. When the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent initially applied for city status in 1925, citing its importance as the centre of the pottery industry, it was refused by the Home Office as it had fewer than 300,000 inhabitants. The decision was overturned, however, when a direct approach was made to King George V, who agreed that the borough ought to be a city. The public announcement of the elevation to city status was made by the king during a visit to Stoke on 4 June 1925.[15]

The county borough was abolished in 1974, and Stoke became a non-metropolitan district of Staffordshire. Its status as a unitary authority was restored on 1 April 1997, although it remains part of the ceremonial county of Staffordshire. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG23).

Industry

Pottery

 
Restored bottle kilns, Stoke-on-Trent
 
Colorado Bouillons Regina and teapots, vitrified tableware by Dudson Brothers Ltd.
 
Porcelain teapot by Henry and Richard Daniel, 1830

Since the 17th century, the area has been almost exclusively known for its industrial-scale pottery manufacturing.[16] Companies such as Royal Doulton, Dudson, Spode (founded by Josiah Spode), Wedgwood (founded by Josiah Wedgwood), Minton (founded by Thomas Minton) and Baker & Co. (founded by William Baker) were established and based there. The local abundance of coal and clay suitable for earthenware production led to the early (initially limited) development of the local pottery industry. The construction of the Trent and Mersey Canal (completed in 1777) enabled the import of china clay from Cornwall together with other materials and facilitated the production of creamware and bone china.

Other production centres in Britain, Europe and worldwide had a considerable lead in the production of high-quality wares. Methodical and highly detailed research and experimentation, carried out over many years, nurtured the development of artistic talent throughout the local community and raised the profile of Staffordshire Potteries. This was spearheaded by one man, Josiah Wedgwood, who cut the first sod for the canal in 1766 and erected his Etruria Works that year. Wedgwood built upon the successes of earlier local potters such as his mentor Thomas Whieldon and along with scientists and engineers, raised the pottery business to a new level. Josiah Spode introduced bone china at Trent in 1796, and Thomas Minton opened his manufactory. With the industry came a large number of notable 20th-century ceramic artists including Clarice Cliff, Susie Cooper, Charlotte Rhead, Frederick Hurten Rhead and Jabez Vodrey.

Coal mining

 
Chatterley Whitfield Colliery

North Staffordshire was a centre for coal mining. The first reports of coal mining in the area come from the 13th century.[17] The Potteries Coalfield (part of the North Staffordshire Coalfield) covers 100 square miles (300 km2).[17]

Striking coal miners in the Hanley and Longton area ignited the nationwide 1842 General Strike and its associated Pottery Riots.[18]

When coal mining was nationalised in 1947, about 20,000 men worked in the industry in Stoke-on-Trent. Notable Collieries included Hanley Deep Pit, Trentham Superpit (formerly Hem Heath, Stafford and Florence Collieries), Fenton Glebe, Silverdale, Victoria, Mossfield, Parkhall, Norton, Chatterley Whitfield and Wolstanton.[17] The industry developed greatly, and new investments in mining projects were planned within the City boundaries as recently as the 1990s.[19] However, 1994 saw the last pit to close as the Trentham Superpit was shut.[20]

The Stoke mining industry set several national and international records. Wolstanton Colliery, when modernised, had the deepest mining shafts in Europe at 3,197 ft.[21] In 1933, Chatterley Whitfield Colliery became the first Colliery in the country to mine one million tons of coal. In the 1980s Florence Colliery in Longton repeatedly set regional and national production records; in 1992 the combined Trentham Superpit (Hem Heath and Florence) was the first mine in Europe to produce 2.5 million saleable tonnes of coal.

Today the mines are all closed, though the scars of mining still remain on the landscape. Slag heaps are still visible on the skyline, now covered with flora and fauna. The Chatterley Whitfield site reopened as a museum two years after its closure in 1976. The museum closed in 1991 and the site became a local nature reserve. It was declared a scheduled monument by English Heritage in 1993.[22][23] The abandoned subterranean mines are inaccessible, though they still add complications to many building projects and occasionally cause minor tremors, detectable only by specialised equipment.[24]

The Phoenix Trust, an independent not-for-profit foundation, is campaigning to turn Stoke-on-Trent and the wider North Staffordshire Coalfield into a World Heritage Site due to its historic economic significance, its leading role in the industrial revolution, and as the birthplace of Primitive Methodism.[25]

Steel

The iron and steel industries occupied important roles in the development of the city, both before and after federation. Especially notable were those mills located in the valley at Goldendale and Shelton below the hill towns of Tunstall, Burslem and Hanley. Shelton Steelworks' production of steel ended in 1978—instead of producing crude steel, they concentrated on rolling steel billet which was transported from Scunthorpe by rail. The rolling plant finally closed in 2002.[26] From 1864 to 1927 Stoke housed the repair shops of the North Staffordshire Railway[27] and was the home of independent railway locomotive manufacturers Kerr, Stuart and Company from 1881 to 1930.[28]

Shelton Steel Works and the mining operations were heavily involved in the World War II industrial effort. Central to the RAF's success was the Supermarine Spitfire designed by Reginald Mitchell who, whilst born at 115 Congleton Road in the nearby village of Butt Lane, had his apprenticeship at Kerr, Stuart and Company's railway works.[29]

Other

The Michelin tyre company also has a presence in Stoke-on-Trent, and in the 1920s built their first UK plant in the city. In the 1980s nearly 9,000 workers were employed at the plant; in 2006 about 1,200 worked there.[30] RAF Meir was located on the outskirts of the city.

Geography

 
Tunstall Tower Square.

Stoke-on-Trent is between Manchester, Wolverhampton and Birmingham[31] and adjoins the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme to the west. It lies on the upper valley of the River Trent at the south-west foothills of the Pennines,[32] near the uplands of the Peak District to the north-east and the lowlands of the Midlands and Cheshire Plain to the south and west. The city ranges from 96 to 250 metres (315 to 820 ft) above sea level.[6][5]

For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG23) and is one of four counties or unitary districts that compose the Shropshire and Staffordshire NUTS 2 region.

Stoke-on-Trent is often known as "the city of five towns", the name given to it by local novelist Arnold Bennett, and is the only polycentric city in the UK. In his novels, Bennett used mostly recognisable aliases for five of the six towns (although he called Stoke "Knype"). However, Bennett said that he believed "Five Towns" was more euphonious than "Six Towns", so he omitted Fenton (now sometimes referred to as "the forgotten town").

As it is a city made up of multiple towns, the city forms a conurbation (although in this case the conurbation is bigger than Stoke itself, because the urban area of Stoke is contiguous with that of administratively-separate Newcastle).

The six towns run in a rough line from north to south along the A50 road – Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke, Fenton and Longton. Although the city is named after the original town of Stoke, and the City Council offices are located there, the city centre is usually regarded as being in Hanley, which had earlier developed into a major commercial centre.

As well as Newcastle-under-Lyme other nearby towns include Crewe, Nantwich, Congleton, Biddulph, Kidsgrove, Stafford, Uttoxeter, Eccleshall, Cheadle, Stone and Leek.

Suburbs

As well as the Six Towns, there are numerous suburbs including Abbey Hulton, Adderley Green, Ball Green, Baddeley Green, Bentilee, Birches Head, Blurton, Bucknall, Bradeley, Chell, Cliffe Vale, Cobridge, Dresden, Etruria, Fegg Hayes, Florence, Goldenhill, Hartshill, Heron Cross, Meir, Meir Park, Meir Hay, Middleport, Milton, Normacot, Norton le Moors, Oakhill, Packmoor, Penkhull, Sandyford, Shelton, Smallthorne, Sneyd Green, Trentham, Trent Vale and Weston Coyney. Blythe Bridge, Werrington and Endon, although outside the city's boundaries, are part of the built up area.

Climate

Stoke-on-Trent, as with all of the United Kingdom, experiences a temperate maritime climate, lacking in weather extremes. The local area is a little more elevated than much of Staffordshire and Cheshire, resulting in cooler temperatures year round compared to the nearby Cheshire Plain. However, on calm, clear nights this is often reversed as cold air drainage causes a temperature inversion to occur. As such, the Stoke-on-Trent and Newcastle area are generally not susceptible to severe frosts. The nearest Met Office weather station is Keele University, about four miles west of the city centre.

The absolute high temperature is 36.1 °C (97.0 °F),[33] recorded in July 2022, although more typically the average warmest day of the year should be 27.0 °C (80.6 °F).[34] In total, just under fourteen days should report a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above.[35]

The absolute minimum temperature stands at −13.3 °C (8.1 °F),[36] recorded during January 1963. In an average year, a total of 48.3 air frosts will be registered.

Rainfall averages around 806 mm a year.[37]

Climate data for Keele University[a], elevation: 178 m (584 ft), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1960–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		23.7
(74.7) 		25.9
(78.6) 		32.5
(90.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		32.9
(91.2) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.8
(80.2) 		17.3
(63.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		36.1
(97.0)
Average high °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.9
(62.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		9.0
(48.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		12.6
(54.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7) 		3.8
(38.8) 		5.9
(42.6) 		7.9
(46.2) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		13.3
(55.9) 		9.9
(49.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		3.9
(39.0) 		9.2
(48.6)
Average low °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.9
(44.4) 		9.6
(49.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		11.6
(52.9) 		9.7
(49.5) 		6.8
(44.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		1.4
(34.5) 		5.9
(42.6)
Record low °C (°F) −13.3
(8.1) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		5.0
(41.0) 		4.6
(40.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−13.3
(8.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 67.9
(2.67) 		48.3
(1.90) 		58.0
(2.28) 		58.5
(2.30) 		62.7
(2.47) 		67.3
(2.65) 		62.1
(2.44) 		75.4
(2.97) 		69.1
(2.72) 		82.7
(3.26) 		76.7
(3.02) 		77.4
(3.05) 		806.1
(31.74)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13.2 10.4 13.0 11.6 10.8 11.0 11.3 11.6 10.6 13.4 13.5 13.4 143.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 52.6 71.7 100.4 143.9 182.0 159.4 178.5 167.1 123.4 100.2 58.1 45.5 1,382.9
Source 1: Met Office[38]
Source 2: KNMI[39]

Green belt

Main article: Stoke-on-Trent Green Belt

Stoke is at the centre of the Stoke-on-Trent Green Belt, which is an environment and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Staffordshire surrounding the city and Newcastle-under-Lyme, and extending into Cheshire. It is in place to prevent urban sprawl and minimise further convergence with outlying settlements such as Kidsgrove and Biddulph.[40] First defined in 1967,[40] the vast majority of area covered is outside the city, but there are some landscape features and places of interest within that are covered by the designation mainly along its fringes, these include the Trentham and Goldenhill golf courses, Hem Heath Wood Nature Reserve, Meir Heath, Barlaston Common, Caverswall Cricket Club, Park Hall Nature Reserve, Chatterley Whitfield Country Park and enterprise centre, the villages of Baddeley Edge and Ravenscliffe, Bucknall Reservoir, Caldon Canal, the River Blythe, and the Head of Trent, Wedgwood Museum and estate, Strongford Treatment Works and Trent Vale Pumping Station.

Demographics

2011 United Kingdom Census[41]
Country of birth Population
  United Kingdom 228,294
  Poland 1,801
  Germany 693
  Ireland 571
  Italy 324
  Nigeria 323
  Turkey 257
  Ghana 154
  Kenya 150
  Portugal 125
  Lithuania 122
  Romania 101
  France 91
  Spain 71

Based on the 2011 census, the total population of the city was 249,008.[42] This was a modest increase from the 240,636 recorded in the 2001 census. 50.2% of the population is female.[42] 91.68% of the population of Stoke-on-Trent were born in the UK.[42] 86.43% of the population identified themselves as White British, 4.19% identified as British Pakistani, and 1.88% identified as Other White. 1.35 % identified as Other Asian and 1.36 % as Black.[42] Regarding religion, 60.89% described themselves as Christian, 6.02% as Muslim and 25.19% had no religion. 14.28% of the population was retired and 5.61% were students.[42]

Ethnicity

Ethnic Group
1991[43] 2001[44] 2011[45] 2021[46]
Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 236,970 96.9% 228,107 94.8% 220,712 88.6% 215,699 83.5%
White: British – – 225,197 93.6% 215,222 86.4% 202,906 78.5%
White: Irish – – 907 636 572 0.2%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller – – – – 183 295 0.1%
White: Roma 428 0.2%
White: Other – – 2,003 4,671 11,498 4.5%
Asian or Asian British: Total 5,821 2.8% 8,888 3.7% 18,442 7.4% 25,597 9.9%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 858 1,102 2,329 2772 1.1%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 4093 6,360 10,429 15579 6.0%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 293 572 1,097 1577 0.6%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 334 400 1,224 1073 0.4%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 243 454 3,363 4596 1.8%
Black or Black British: Total 1,241 0.5% 1,076 0.4% 3,741 1.5% 6,884 2.8%
Black or Black British: African 139 275 2,536 5,048 2.0%
Black or Black British: Caribbean 642 614 834 916 0.4%
Black or Black British: Other Black 460 187 371 920 0.4%
Mixed or British Mixed: Total – – 2,143 0.9% 4,491 1.8% 5,860 2.3%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean – – 990 1,892 2040 0.8%
Mixed: White and Black African – – 212 559 1020 0.4%
Mixed: White and Asian – – 622 1,347 1783 0.7%
Mixed: Other Mixed – – 319 693 1017 0.4%
Other: Total 605 0.2% 422 0.2% 1,622 0.7% 4,329 1.7%
Other: Arab – – – – 408 690 0.3%
Other: Any other ethnic group 605 .0.2% 422 0.2% 1,214 3639 1.4%
Total 244,637 100% 240,636 100% 249,008 100% 258,369 100%

Religion

Religion 2001[47] 2011[48] 2021[49]
Number % Number % Number %
Holds religious beliefs 189,285 78.6 170,329 68.4 146,223 56.6
  Christian 179,845 74.7 151,624 60.9 118,434 45.8
  Buddhist 256 0.1 760 0.3 811 0.3
  Hindu 428 0.2 1,384 0.6 1,356 0.5
  Jewish 83 <0.1 66 <0.1 83 <0.1
  Muslim 7,658 3.2 14,993 6.0 23,790 9.2
  Sikh 563 0.2 579 0.2 602 0.2
Other religion 452 0.2 923 0.4 1,150 0.4
No religion 32,214 13.4 62,737 25.2 97,433 37.7
Religion not stated 19,137 8.0 15,942 6.4 14,710 5.7
Total population 240,636 100.0 249,008 100.0 258,366 100.0

Points of interest

The city's ceramics collection is housed in the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery in Hanley.[50] Etruria Industrial Museum on the Caldon Canal, and Gladstone Pottery Museum in a former potbank in Longton are dedicated to the city's industrial heritage.[51] There is also Stoke Minster which is located in the Stoke-upon-Trent area and is the only official church with Minster status.

Most of the major pottery companies based in Stoke-on-Trent have factory shops and visitor centres. The £10 million Wedgwood Museum visitor centre opened in the firm's factory in Barlaston in October 2008. The Dudson Centre in Hanley is a museum of the family ceramics business, which is partly housed in a Grade II listed bottle kiln. It is also a volunteer centre. Burleigh in Middleport is the world's oldest working Victorian pottery. There are also smaller factory shops, such as Royal Stafford in Burslem, Moorcroft in Cobridge and Emma Bridgewater in Hanley. In addition, there are ambitious plans to open the huge Chatterley Whitfield Colliery as a mining museum, since it has been given scheduled monument status.

The Elizabethan Ford Green Hall is a 17th-century farmhouse which is now a historic house museum in Smallthorne.

 
Miss Elizabeth is a pleasure boat that travels the length of Trentham Lake, within Trentham Gardens

Although Trentham Gardens is in the Borough of Stafford, it is just south of the city and is considered by many locals to be part of Stoke-on-Trent. Next door is Trentham Monkey Forest, which houses 140 Barbary macaques in a 60-acre (240,000 m2) enclosure that visitors can walk through.

The Alton Towers Resort is 10 miles (16 km) east of Stoke-on-Trent and is one of the United Kingdom's best known attractions. The Waterworld indoor swimming complex on Festival Park near Hanley is also a significant children's attraction.

Each of the six towns in Stoke-on-Trent has at least one park. At nine hectares, Burslem Park is one of the largest registered Victorian parks in the UK.[52] Park Hall Country Park in Weston Coyney is a national nature reserve, and its sandstone canyons are a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[53] Hartshill Park in Stoke is also a nature reserve, and Bucknall Park is home to the City Farm. Westport Lake in Longport is the largest body of water in Stoke-on-Trent[54] and has a nature reserve. Queens Park or Longton park in Dresden is one of the city's heritage parks and is famous for its horticulture and lakes. It houses several buildings including a clock tower and three bowling pavilions.

Economy

 
Terraced housing is a common feature in the city.

Stoke-on-Trent was a world centre for fine ceramics—a skilled design trade has existed in the area since at least the 12th century. But in the late 1980s and 1990s Stoke-on-Trent was hit hard by the general decline in the British manufacturing sector. Numerous factories, steelworks, collieries, and potteries were closed, including the renowned Shelton Bar steelworks. This resulted in a sharp rise in unemployment in the 'high-skilled but low-paid' workforce.

The pottery firm Wedgwood and its subsidiary Royal Doulton are based in nearby Barlaston, although much production now takes place in the firm's Indonesian factory. Portmeirion is based in Stoke town, and now owns the Spode and Royal Worcester ceramics brands. Ceramics firm Emma Bridgewater is based in Hanley; Burleigh Pottery is in Middleport; Wade Ceramics is in Etruria; Moorcroft and Royal Stafford are based in Burslem; Aynsley China is in Longton, and is one of the last remaining manufacturers of bone china in the city. Fine china manufacturer Dudson have premises in Hanley and Burslem. Churchill China have their main factory in Tunstall, while hotelware manufacturer Steelite is based in Middleport at the former Dunn Bennett site.

About 9,000 firms are based in the city. Amongst the more notable are Bet365,[55] founded by local businessman and Stoke City chairman Peter Coates;[56] and formerly Phones4U, a large retailer of mobile phones started by John Caudwell.[citation needed] until it ceased trading in September 2014.

Stoke City Football Club itself has been a major symbol of the city since the turn 20th century, having spent most of its history in the highest two divisions of the English league, constantly attracting large crowds and signing or launching the careers of many high-profile players - most notably Stanley Matthews and Gordon Banks. The club was based at the Victoria Ground in Stoke-upon-Trent from 1878 until 1997, when it moved to the Britannia Stadium (now the Bet365 Stadium) at Trentham Lakes. This was one of the early stages of regeneration in the Trentham area of the city, which also included the regeneration of Trentham Gardens several years later, when retail and food outlets were added to the visitor attraction. Trentham Monkey Forest opened nearby in 2005.

The Michelin tyre company has a complex in the city which houses its commercial head office, training centre and a truck tyre re-treading facility. Sainsbury's supermarket and The Co-operative Pharmacy have large warehouses in the city. Vodafone has a large call centre on Festival Park and the UK subsidiary of the lubricant manufacturer Fuchs Petrolub has its head office at its factory in Hanley. There is a steel foundry owned by Goodwin Steel Castings Ltd in Joiner's Square. Premier Foods make Mr Kipling slices and Cherry Bakewells in Trent Vale. The Co-operative Travel had its head office in Burslem, before it merged with Thomas Cook in 2010.

Stoke-on-Trent City Council is the city's largest single employer.[57] Another major employer is the Royal Stoke University Hospital, with over 7,000 staff.[58]

KPMG's Competitive Alternatives 2004 report declared Stoke-on-Trent to be the most cost-effective place to set up a new UK business.[59] The city currently has the advantage of offering affordable business property, while being surrounded by a belt of affluent areas such as the Peak District, Stone, south Cheshire, and having excellent road links via the A500 and nearby M6 and rail links.

Tourism to the city was kick-started by the National Garden Festival in 1986, and is now sustained by the many pottery factory-shops and tours, and by the improved canal network.

 
Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent City Centre.

The main shopping centre is the Potteries Shopping Centre in Hanley, which has 561,000 sq ft (52,100 m2) of retail space with 87 units including major stores for Next, New Look, Monsoon, HMV, River Island, H. Samuel and Superdrug. Marks & Spencer and T.K. Maxx also have stores in Hanley. A new shopping centre on the site of Hanley's former bus station was due to open in 2016, but development has been delayed and the project is now in doubt.[60] The other five towns of the city all have their own smaller town centres. Festival Park is a large retail and business park in Etruria, built on the former Garden Festival site. There are also retail parks in Tunstall, Fenton and Longton. A new retail park in Longton opened and has Currys, Smyths, Pets at Home and Matalan. A pub, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are also on the site.[61]

Other notable business people from the city include Reginald H. Jones (Chairman of General Electric), venture capitalist Jon Moulton, and John Madejski (chairman of Reading F.C. and former owner of Auto Trader).[62]

Night-time industry has boomed in recent years, with Hanley becoming increasingly popular for its theatres and restaurants.

In 2016, Stoke-on-Trent was ranked the second best city to start a business by Quality Formations, based on a number of factors including commercial property, energy, virtual offices, public transport and financial access.[63]

Government

See also: Stoke-on-Trent City Council

The city is covered by three House of Commons constituencies: Stoke-on-Trent North, Stoke-on-Trent Central and Stoke-on-Trent South.[64] Until 2019 the northern and central seats had returned Labour MPs since their creation in 1950. However, in the 2019 general election, all 3 Stoke-on-Trent constituencies returned a Conservative MP. The former Labour heartland is highly eurosceptic leading to a 69.4% vote to leave the European Union in 2016. The city was within the West Midlands European Parliament constituency.

Mayoral system

Main article: Lord Mayor of Stoke-on-Trent

The position of Lord Mayor is largely ceremonial. The title of Lord Mayor was first conferred on the City of Stoke-on-Trent by King George V who visited Stoke-on-Trent Town Hall to award the town city status on 5 June 1925.[65] The role of Lord Mayor is decided upon by a vote amongst the elected councillors; the candidates are also selected from the councillors.

Between 1910 and 1928 the Borough, and later, City of Stoke-on-Trent had a Mayor rather than a Lord Mayor. The first Mayor of Stoke-on-Trent was Cecil Wedgwood of the Wedgwood pottery dynasty.[66]

The city was one of a limited number of English districts with an elected mayor and the only council to use the 'mayor and council manager' executive arrangements,[67][68] although it was removed following a local referendum on 23 October 2008.

A local referendum approved a directly elected mayor system on 3 May 2002 by 28,601 votes to 20,578 (turnout of 27.8%).[69]

Mike Wolfe, an independent candidate, became the first directly elected mayor after an election on 17 October 2002, narrowly beating Labour Party candidate George Stevenson by just 300 votes.[70] The elected Mayor from 5 May 2005 to 5 June 2009 was Mark Meredith (Labour Party).[71] The 2005 election was notable because about 10% of the ballot papers were either spoiled or ineligible.[72] Meredith's election platform included a pledge to have another referendum on the post of elected mayor.[73] This was scheduled for May 2007 and resulted in the abolition of the mayoral system.

On 23 October 2008, voters returned to the polls to choose between modifying the system (to Mayor and Cabinet) or abolishing the position of elected Mayor. Votes were 21,231 for abolition and 14,592 for modification on a turnout of 19.23%.[74]

Council Leader and Cabinet system

Following a citywide referendum abolishing the position of elected mayor, a Leader and Cabinet system was adopted on 5 June 2009. The Leader of the council is elected by councillors. Each cabinet member makes the decisions on their portfolio area and explains the decisions at the monthly cabinet meetings.[75] The current leader of the council is Cllr Abi Brown who is also leader of the Conservative group, one of the parties that forms the city's coalition administration.[76]

Councillor representation

Since the 2015 local elections, no party has had overall control of the city council. Following the local elections in May 2019 the council is a Conservative and City Independents coalition.[77]

Party Councillors[78]
Labour 16
Independent 12
Conservative 15
UKIP 1

Members of Parliament

See also: List of Parliamentary constituencies in Staffordshire

Public services

 
Royal Stoke University Hospital
 
Former City Central Library & Archives, Bethesda Street, Hanley

The city's acute hospital is the Royal Stoke University Hospital run by the University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust. It formerly comprised two sites: the Royal Infirmary and the City General. The hospital was rebuilt on the City General site on the A34, London Road.

Community health services are run by Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Partnership NHS Trust with mental health services provided by North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust.

Policing in Stoke-on-Trent is provided by Staffordshire Police, which has police stations in Hanley, Bucknall, Burslem, Longton, Stoke and Tunstall. Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court and Stoke-on-Trent County Court share Stoke-on-Trent Combined Court Centre in Hanley. There is no magistrates' court. Hearings were held in Fenton Town Hall until it closed in 2012; all magistrates proceedings now take place in Newcastle.[79]Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service, which has fire stations in Hanley, Longton, Burslem and Sandyford.

Severn Trent manages Stoke-on-Trent's drinking and waste water.

Since the 1970s, the city's main library had been the former Hanley Library, later known as the City Central Library & Archives in Bethesda Street, which was also home to the city's archives. During this period, the City Council also operated eight smaller libraries throughout the city. In July 2022, it was announced that the Hanley Library building, along with others in the city, would be closed with a view to being sold. The city archives would be moved to the Potteries Museum and Art Gallery, an adjacent building with frontages to Bethesda Street and Broad street.[80]

Religion

 
Hugh Bourne, founder of Primitive Methodism

Stoke-on-Trent does not have a cathedral, but the city's main, Church of England, civic church, is Stoke Minster. The city is within the Anglican Diocese of Lichfield[81] The city is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham and the immediate area has six Catholic parishes; they are dedicated to: the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Our Lady of the Angels, Saint George, Saint Gregory the Great, Saint Maria Goretti and Saint Teresa.[82]

Primitive Methodism was founded by Hugh Bourne, a native of Stoke-on-Trent, at a public gathering in the nearby village of Mow Cop. He originally followed the Wesleyan form of Methodism but in 1801 he reformed the Methodist service by conducting it outside. He founded the first chapel in Tunstall with his brother in 1811.[83] He promoted Sunday schools as a method of improving children's education, advocated the equal treatment of women and men, and was involved in the temperance movement. It was from the Primitive Methodists that many early trade unions found their early leaders.[84] Also of note is John Lightfoot, a 17th-century churchman and rabbinical scholar.

The city's first purpose-built mosque was completed in 2012.[85] The city's only synagogue closed in 2006, and was replaced with a smaller one in nearby Newcastle-under-Lyme.[86]

In September 2017 an anti-terrorist undercover officer secretly recorded 17 sermons by radical preacher Kamran Hussain at Tunstall mosque. He went to trial and was convicted for encouraging terrorism and glorifying the Islamic State.[87]

Transport

Major roads

 
A50 close to Longton.

Stoke-on-Trent is linked to the nearby M6 motorway at junctions 15 and 16 by the A500. Locally the A500 is known as the D road,[88] as its loop between the two motorway junctions, along with the straight section of the M6 between the junctions, resembles the shape of a capital letter D. Coincidentally, the number 500 expressed in Roman numerals is D.

The A50 provides an east–west link between the M6 and the M1 motorway; it joins up with the A500 close to the Bet365 Stadium. Improvements to the road network have led to the construction of product distribution centres in the area.[89]

Rail

Stoke-on-Trent railway station is located on the Stafford-Manchester line. The other railway stations in the city are Longport and Longton both on the Crewe-Derby line. Etruria station was closed in September 2005. Avanti West Coast Pendolino 390029 is named after Stoke-on-Trent.

 
A diagram of local rail services in Stoke-on-Trent.

Bus

Local public transport is provided almost exclusively by bus. Bus services are mainly operated by First Potteries. There are also several smaller companies operating bus services in the city, like D&G Bus. There are central bus stations in Hanley and Longton. National Express operate long-distance coach services from Hanley bus station. As part of the city's regeneration, a new bus station has been constructed in Hanley, allowing the old one to be demolished, making room for further redevelopment.[90] As of January 2015 there are no local authority supported bus services in the city.[91] Between 2013/14 and 2023, bus service provision shrank by 50%.[92]

Canals

 
Canal on New Leek Road.

The city is served by the Trent and Mersey Canal, which sees traffic of some 10,000 boats a year. Additionally, the Caldon Canal branches off from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Etruria, within the city boundaries, going to Froghall with one branch going to Leek.

Cycling

As of November 2009 there are 77 miles (124 km) of new National Cycle Network off-road bicycle paths through the city, connecting to the national long-distance paths which were completed in 2005. Together with those in Newcastle-under-Lyme, there are now over 100 miles (160 km) of cycle paths in the urban conurbation.[93] A further £10 million of funding has now been secured for the city's cycling network, to be spent in 2009–2011 through Cycling England's support for Stoke as a Cycling City.[94]

Education

Higher education

 
Staffordshire University Stoke campus

There are four further and higher education institutions in the local area, the two further education colleges being City of Stoke-on-Trent Sixth Form College and Stoke-on-Trent College. Formerly of Fenton, now located in a newly built structure on Leek Road, the Sixth Form college provides A Level teaching for around 1,800 students. Stoke-on-Trent College is much larger and less specialised, offering apprenticeships and adult education, and has a main campus (Cauldon Campus) in Shelton, and a secondary campus in Burslem.

The city is also home to Staffordshire University (formerly North Staffordshire Polytechnic), with its main site in Shelton, near Stoke-on-Trent railway station. It gained its university status in 1992 as one of the post-1992 universities. Keele University School of Medicine uses facilities at the Royal Stoke University Hospital in Hartshill. Keele University itself was founded as the University College of North Staffordshire in 1949 with major involvement by Stoke-on-Trent City Council, and is located in the nearby village of Keele.

Secondary education

See also: List of schools in Stoke-on-Trent

The city currently has 15 secondary schools: Sir Thomas Boughey Academy, Birches Head Academy, Co-op Academy Stoke-on-Trent, Discovery Academy, Excel Academy, Haywood Academy, Ormiston Horizon Academy, Ormiston Sir Stanley Matthews Academy, St Joseph's College, St Margaret Ward Catholic Academy, Ormiston Meridian Academy, St Peter's Academy, St Thomas More Catholic Academy, Stoke Studio College (with sites in Longton and Burslem), Thistley Hough Academy and Trentham High School.

A major re-structure of Stoke-on-Trent's high school system was proposed in 2007.[95] As part of these plans several established secondary schools closed or merged including Longton High School (closed 2010),[96] Mitchell High and Edensor High (merged to form The Discovery Academy),[97] St Peter's CE High School and Berry Hill High (merged to form St Peter's Academy).[98]

Potters' Holidays

One of the legacies of the pottery industry was Stoke's own version of the wakes week. Although better known in industrial Lancashire, the Stoke week is known locally as the Potters' Holidays[99] or Potters' Fortnight and occurred the last week in June, the first week in July and another week in August. This gave what appeared to be strange school holidays—with the summer term having a two-week break at the end of June, then children returning to school for three weeks before taking a five-week summer holiday. This observance has disappeared from the local schools, due to decreased emphasis on traditional industries.

Sport

Football

 
Stoke City's Bet365 Stadium, opened in 1997, has a 30,089 capacity.[100]

Stoke-on-Trent is the smallest city to boast two professional clubs in the English Football League. The club bearing the area's name is Stoke City, formed in 1863 and is the second-oldest professional football club in England.[101] They currently play at the Bet365 Stadium at Stanley Matthews Way, Stoke-on-Trent, which has been their home since 1997 when they relocated from the Victoria Ground in Stoke after 119 years.[102] They were among the twelve founding members of the Football League in 1888, but did not win their first and, to date, only major trophy until 1972, when they lifted the League Cup.[103] In 1985, they were relegated from the First Division and began a 23-year exile from the top flight of English football which did not end until they won promotion in 2008, by which time the First Division had become the Premier League.[104] Stoke City reached the final of the FA Cup for the first time in 2011, but were defeated by Manchester City.[105] Stoke City were relegated from the Premier League in 2018.[106] The club and the city's most famous player is the late Sir Stanley Matthews, who began and ended his playing career with Stoke City, sandwiching a 14-year spell at Blackpool where he played in what became known as the Matthews Final.[107] He also managed Port Vale from 1965 to 1968.[107] He was the first active footballer to receive a Knighthood.[107] Matthews made 54 appearances for his country, scoring 11 times.[107] There are two statues of Matthews in the city: one in Hanley and one at the Bet365 Stadium.[107]

 
Vale Park, home of Port Vale. Completed in 1950, at the time of its construction it was nicknamed 'The Wembley of the North'.[108]

The city's other professional football club is Port Vale, who were formed in 1876 and play at Vale Park in the Burslem area.[109] Previous stadiums include the Athletic Ground in Cobridge (1886–1913) and The Old Recreation Ground in Hanley (1913–1950).[110][111] They joined the Football League in 1892 but were forced to resign in 1907 due to financial problems, only to return in 1919.[112] Their highest league position came in 1931 when they finished fifth in the Second Division.[112] In 1954, while in the Third Division North, they progressed to the FA Cup semi-final when they were knocked out by First Division West Bromwich Albion at Villa Park.[112] This remains the furthest they have progressed in the competition.[112] Unlike Stoke City, their local rivals in the Potteries derby, they have never played top division football and hold the record for most years spent in the second tier without ever playing in the first.[113][114] Individuals of note include John Rudge (who managed the club for 16 years from 1983 to 1999) and Roy Sproson (who made a club record 842 appearances for the club from 1950 until 1972 and was later their manager).[115][116]

Previous clubs from the city include Dresden United, a club which was disestablished before the city was federated;[117] as well as amateur clubs Meir KA (1972–2010) and Norton United (1989–2015).[118] Currently, the city is represented at amateur level by Eastwood Hanley (1946–1997; re-established in 2014) and Hanley Town (established 1966).[119][120]

Other sports teams

The city speedway team is the Stoke Potters. Speedway was staged at the Greyhound Stadium in Sun Street, Hanley intermittently between 1929 and 1939. In 1947, the Potters were part of the post-war boom rising from Division Three of the National League to Division Two before closing in the early-1950s. The Potters were revived in 1960 and they raced in the Provincial League until the end of 1963, when the stadium was closed and the site redeveloped. Speedway was revived at Loomer Road Stadium in Newcastle-under-Lyme, initially as Chesterton, before it reverted to the Stoke name. For many years, the Potters raced in the Premier League, the sports second division, but as of November 2010 have dropped a division and in 2011 will race in the National League. The stadium is also used for BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars and BriSCA Formula 2 Stock Cars during the summer.

Cycle Speedway was very popular in the city from the 1940s. Boys would travel all over the city to race against rival teams. The most famous team in the 1960s was Shelton Tigers; they travelled all over England and Wales to race against other teams. The Tigers won the Midland League and the British "Champion's of Champions" Trophy, against Southampton.

The ski race team based at the artificial ski slope in Festival Park compete in national Snowsport England and international FIS Fédération Internationale de Ski events.

The city has a number of amateur sports clubs, including rugby union and cricket; the latter competing in the North Staffs and South Cheshire Cricket League. The cricket ground in Longton is one of the venues used by Staffordshire County Cricket Club. As well as the Longton club, Meir Heath Cricket Club are also active, though the County Ground and the Michelin Ground are no longer used for cricket.

Stoke Spitfires was the name of the city's American football team. The team eventually folded in 1992 after a record of 35-34-1. In 1994, the Staffordshire Surge was formed and played their matches in and around Stoke-on-Trent. Currently the team play at Longton Rugby Club in Division One North of the British American Football League.

Individual sports persons

The city has a sporting Hall of Fame, opened in 2011 to honour sporting legends from the city. As of March 2011, it holds the names of Stanley Matthews and Phil Taylor, legends of football and darts respectively, were the first names to be inducted into the Hall of Fame.[121] They were quickly followed by Port Vale legend Roy Sproson and England's World Cup winning goalkeeper Gordon Banks (who spent five years with Stoke City).[122]

The World Professional Darts Championship was hosted in the Jollees venue in the south of the city from 1979 to 1985. Phil Taylor has won the World Championship a record 16 times, winning the championship in both the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and British Darts Organisation (BDO). Two-time PDC World Champion Adrian Lewis and two-time BDO World Champion Ted Hankey are also from the Stoke area. Other well-known players from or based in Stoke include Chris Mason, Andy Hamilton and Ian White.

World champion squash player, Great Britain and England international Angela Smith, was born in the city and was largely responsible for the ladies' game going open. She is regarded as one of the most famous players of British squash.[123] Wicket-keeper Bob Taylor, who played for Derbyshire and England was born and still lives in the area. He represented England 58 times and still holds the world record for the most dismissals in the first class game (1649). In golf, Trenthams' David Lynn, the golfer, (born 1973) was the KLM Open Champion of 2004.[124]

Other notable sports people from the area include footballers turned TV pundits Mark Bright, Garth Crooks and Robbie Earle; tennis player Andrew Foster; snooker players Ray Reardon, Dave Harold and Jamie Cope; field hockey player Imran Sherwani; cycling world-record holder Tommy Godwin, wrestler Peter Thornley (better known as Kendo Nagasaki), professional strongman Eddie Hall and European taekwondo champion Charlie Maddock.

Culture art and architecture

Architecture

From the half-timbered farmhouse vernacular of Ford Green Hall, through the 18th century canal-side Wedgwood estate of Etruria one of the hubs of the Industrial Revolution, to 19th Century country house estates eg Trentham Hall and railway buildings such as Stoke Station and more lately in the 20th century, the expansion and renewal of industrial, civic and amenity buildings including Potteries Museum and Art Gallery, the architecture of North Staffordshire has a history expressive of locally acquired or manufactured building materials: quarried stone, coal and clay for brick and tile-making, ash, sand gravel and cement for concrete, and also cast iron steel and timber.

Stoke-on-Trent's architecture is tied closely to the industrial heritage of the city. Bottle ovens (used for early pottery manufacture), canal-side and railway-related mill, factory, or warehouse buildings evolved - within the tightly-knit street pattern of each of the six townships - from transport links and adjacency to local generationally skilled labour. Post WWII pottery factories developed a style typified by open-plan manufacturing areas, surrounded by wide expanses of window-walling from floor to ceiling, allowing good daylighting for intricate tasks such as lithography, fettling and decoration.

 
Colclough China Longton, a factory typical of the mid 20th Century

In 1966, Stone (Staffordshire) born Cedric Price had proposed a Potteries Thinkbelt design which sought to make use of decommissioned railway routes following the Beeching Cuts and the scarred landscape of coal mining to provide linked learning centres for a technical industry-based curriculum. The Staffordshire University Architecture course has introduced an annual Cedric Price day celebrating this and other projects of his.[125]

Science

Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of, and holder of key patents for, radio. He was born in Penkhull. William Astbury (1898–1962) was an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules. He was born in Longton.

Visual art

The major art gallery is The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, located in Hanley. It contains a collection of fine ceramics, a rotating programme of exhibitions and a permanent collection. In 2010, it became one of the permanent homes of the Staffordshire Hoard, the most important collection of Anglo-Saxon gold yet found.

The city's Cultural Quarter in Hanley contains the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, the Regent Theatre and the Victoria Hall. There are also smaller elements, including the independent Dazed Gallery[126] and AirSpace, the city's only contemporary art gallery, artist-led and artist run.[127] The Artbay Gallery in Fenton[128] has a contemporary range of original works as well as limited editions.

Edwardian School of Art in Burslem has been refurbished with £1.2 million, and is now run without a public subsidy. The Hothouse Centre for Ceramic Design, and the Roslyn Works complex of craft studios operate in Longton. Also based in Burslem is the Barewall Gallery,[129] which has a large collection of work by local artists including original art by Arthur Berry (The Lowry of The Potteries), Jack Simcock, and by new emerging Potteries artists.

Stoke-on-Trent is the birthplace of several artists including Arthur Berry (also a novelist, playwright & poet), Glenys Barton (sculptor), Arnold Machin (sculptor, coin & stamp designer) and Sidney Tushingham, A.R.E.

Public art

The Grade II* listed statue of Perseus with the Head of Medusa, which stands adjacent to the lake at Trentham Gardens, a part of Trentham Estate, is a copy of an original work by Benvenuto Cellini, which was sculpted for Cosimo I Duke of Tuscany from 1545 to 1554. In the early 19th Century, the then Duke of Tuscany, allowed a cast of Cellini’s statue to be taken for his friend, the 2nd Duke of Sutherland; it is the only bronze cast of the statue[130] The bronze sculpture was installed at Trentham in 1840 during Charles Barry’s remodelling of the estate and the statue forms a focal point for his Italianate gardens located by the lake at the south end of the central axis of the parterre. Barry designed the circular platform on which the statue is set.

 
Perseus with the Head of Medusa sculpture by Benvenuto Cellini at Trentham Gardens

Welcoming visitors to the city as they alight from their train at Stoke-on-Trent station is a statue of Josiah Wedgwood,[131] the centrepiece to the Grade II listed Winton Square area. The statue by Edward Davis was cast in bronze in 1860 and first displayed at the 1862 London Exhibition (also known as the International Exhibition of 1862)[132] which was the successor to the 1851 Great Exhibition. Funded by public subscription, the Stoke-on-Trent unveiling took place on 24 February 1863. A replica of the statue was cast in the 1950s for the Wedgwood Barlaston factory site, where it now stands - outside the Wedgwood Museum. In Josiah's hand is an example of his pre-eminent work, the Portland Vase.

 
Statue of Josiah Wedgwood by Edward Davis unveiled at its present location in 1863

The Spirit of Fire[133] also known as The Man of Fire or sometimes locally as Jack Frost or even The Spiky Man, a 1964 sculpture by David Wynne, is mounted upon the façade of what was the Lewis's Department Sore (designed by the Percy Thomas Partnership). Inscription below the sculpture reads: "Fire is at the root of all things visible and invisible" - a reference to the industrial heart of The Potteries: ceramics, railways, steelmaking and mining.

 
Man of Fire, a 1964 sculpture installed on Lewis's Store (later Debenhams), Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent

CAPO, a modern interpretation depicting the head of Josiah Wedgwood by Vincent Woropay was originally commissioned by Stoke-on-Trent City Council for the 1986 National Garden Festival. It was moved in 2009 to an appropriate site in Festival Way close to Wedgwood's Etruria Hall home. In February 2023, the statue was demolished by council contractors during works to widen the road.[134] A subsequent investigation led to the resignation of the deputy council leader as the work had not been correctly planned or authorised by the council. The leader of the council has pledged to have the statue restored[135]

 
"CAPO" Modernist Sculpture depicting head of Josiah Wedgwood by Vincent Woropay © Eirian Evans via Geograph.

A Man Can't Fly, commissioned by Stoke-on-Trent City Council in 1989, is a statue of "a figure of a man balancing horizontally upon one leg (arabesque, a ballet pose), by Cheshire sculptor Ondre Nowakowski (b.1954). The pose appears as a reference to Superman in flight. It stands atop a column with the words 'A MAN CAN'T FLY' repeated vertically around its circumference".[136] The location is at the Leek Road/ Glebe Street junction close to Stoke Station.

 
A Man Can't Fly sculpture, Stoke-on-Trent, England.
 
The Golden sculpture in March 2017.

The outskirts of Tunstall became home to a new public art statue called Golden in 2015. The 69 ft (21m) steel work of art by Wolfgang Buttress was privately funded with £180,000 Section 106 monies and is made from COR-TEN Steel, the same material as the Angel of the North.[137] The tapered lozenge design features powerful LED lights that will illuminate 1,500 glass prisms containing the written wishes or memories of local residents.[138] Each prism will be suspended from the main body of the sculpture by a short arm, giving the artwork a bristly appearance. It is located on the former site of the Potteries Pyramid,[139] which was to have been moved to a nearby roundabout.[140]

In October 2013 a sculpture, Unearthed (Lidice) designed by Sarah Nadin (b.1983) and Nicola Winstanley (b.1984) also known as Dashyline studios,[141] commemorating the efforts of miners to rebuild the Czech village of Lidice devastated during the Second World War was unveiled. The 6.8-metre-high (22 ft 4 in) steel sculpture cost £100,000 to build and features 3,000 tags bearing the initials of people who promise to share the story of the 1942 Lidice Shall Live movement. North Staffordshire-based Dashyline was commissioned by Stoke-on-Trent City Council to create the artwork, which has been installed near Hanley bus station. The sculpture was manufactured and installed by local Company, Patera Engineering Ltd based in Fenton.[142]

Theatre

The city's main theatre is the 1,603-person capacity Regent Theatre, which is in Hanley. Nearby is the main concert hall, the Victoria Hall. The purpose-built theatre in the round New Vic Theatre is just outside the city's boundary in Newcastle-under-Lyme. The Victorian Kings Hall in Stoke-on-Trent Town Hall is used for smaller events. In Burslem, the Queen's Theatre has been refurbished and restored at private expense. The Stoke-on-Trent Repertory Theatre is based in Stoke and puts on amateur productions. The previously city council-run Mitchell Memorial Youth Theatre, based in Hanley, completed its £4.3m refurbishment in 2011 and is now known as the Mitchell Arts Centre. It is named in honour of one of the city's most famous sons, Reginald Mitchell, designer of the legendary World War II fighter plane, the Spitfire.

Cinema

On 17 December 2015 a new 9 screen Cineworld Cinema opened in Hanley. It is situated at The Hive which is an extension to the Intu Potteries shopping centre. There is an Odeon multiplex cinema on Festival Park. The independent volunteer-run art-house cinema, The Stoke-on-Trent Film Theatre, is located very near the railway station, and shows art-house and subtitled films, as well as films that have finished their run in larger cinemas.[143]

Literature

 
Arnold Bennett, raised in Hanley.

Through the works of Arnold Bennett, described by some as the greatest realist writer of the 20th century,[144] the "Six Towns" were sometimes known as the "Five Towns".[145] In his novels, Bennett wrote about local events in the 19th century[146] and consistently changed all proper names and associations, thus Hanley became Hanbridge and Burslem became Bursley.[147][148][149] The "Six Towns" were not federated until 1910 when Fenton was still relatively new; it was also the smallest in terms of population and area. Bennett also changed the name of the local newspaper from The Sentinel to The Signal, an identity that was subsequently adopted by the city's commercial radio station.[150]

Other notable contributors to literature include Elijah Fenton (poet), Peter Whelan (playwright), John Wain (poet, critic and scholar), Pauline Stainer (poet) and Charles Tomlinson (poet, graphic artist, translator, editor and critic).

In Jorge Luis Borges' novel "The Garden of Forking Paths", Dr. Yu Tsun goes to a suburb of Fenton to meet Stephen Albert.

Young Poet Laureate

Since 2010, the council's library service has run a competition to appoint a Young Poet Laureate for the city. This is a competition for local poets aged between 11 and 19. The first winner was Daniel Tatton, and he was succeeded in 2011 by Bethanie Hardie.[151]

Media

Local television news is covered by BBC Midlands Today and ITV Central; and in certain parts of the city by BBC North West and ITV's Granada.

The city is to be part of the second wave of UK cities to get its own local TV Station.[152][153]

Famous entertainers

Stoke has been the birthplace of many actors and entertainers, including:

Music

Stoke has a vibrant music scene. The Golden Torch, a local nightclub, became the centre of the Northern soul scene in the early 1970s.[154] Shelley's Laserdome nightclub in Longton played a pivotal role in the house and rave scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, helping launch the career of Sasha and featuring regular appearances from Carl Cox, until it was eventually shut down by Staffordshire Police.[155] The Void, a Hanley nightclub, developed a sister relationship with Sankey's Soap in Manchester, helping the latter to revive its fortunes during the late 1990s via the promotion of a club night called Golden.[156]

 
Lemmy, born in Burslem

Robbie Williams is the most famous pop star to hail from the city. Many of his songs refer to Stoke-on-Trent, either directly or indirectly. These include "It's Only Us", "Burslem Normals", "The 80's" and the spoken introduction to his duet with Jonathan Wilkes of the song "Me and My Shadow". The song "Angels" was partly inspired by the golden angel at Burslem Town Hall.[157] In 2015, three streets in a new housing estate in Middleport were named after Williams' hit songs: Supreme Street, Candy Lane and Angels Way.[158]

Saul Hudson, the lead guitarist for Guns N' Roses better known by his stage name "Slash", was born in Stoke-on-Trent. His father, Anthony Hudson, was from the area, and he spent a few of his early childhood years living in the city before moving to his mother's native United States in 1970. He did not meet many of the British side of his family until 1992 when Guns N' Roses played Wembley Stadium as part of the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. Slash has recalled in interviews and his autobiography that his Stoke relatives drank all of the band's considerable rider: "I witnessed one of my uncles, my cousin, and my grandfather, on his very first trip to London from Stoke, down every drop of liquor in our dressing room. Consumed in full, our booze rider in those days would have killed anyone but us."[159][160]

Lonnie Cook is a rock 'n' roll guitarist and local celebrity who played with Screaming Lord Sutch in the 1970s. He is remembered in the area for his Radio Stoke show Sunday Best, and for standing as a Monster Raving Loony Party candidate. In 2010 he started getting airplay on a New York radio station for his 1994 song "Knock Me Down, Pick Me Up". This led to the song being released for mp3 download in the US and the UK.[161]

Other notable individuals and groups from the area include Andy Moor who is a DJ and producer,[162] Gertie Gitana (music hall star and singer),[163] Lemmy, the founder of the rock band Motörhead,[164][165][166] Patricia Leonard (singer/contralto),[167] Jem Finer (banjoist, The Pogues),[168] Broken Bones and Discharge (punk band), who invented the D-beat style.[169] Experimental musician Phil Todd, best known for his Ashtray Navigations project, grew up in Madeley. Other bands to hail from the city include: This Is Seb Clarke (soul-punk), Agent Blue (alternative rock), Epilogue (prog rock), All the Young and The Title (indie).

In October 2007, Stoke-on-Trent City Council introduced a new theme tune – "Moving Forwards Together". It was described by the council as "part of our drive to help us move the city forward and create a better Stoke-on-Trent for people to live, learn, work and enjoy".[170]

Murdoc Niccals, a fictional member of the group Gorillaz with the role of bass guitarist is (in his constructed biography) said to have been born in Stoke-on-Trent.[171]

The cat in Dick and Dom in da Bungalow once sang a song about Stoke-on-Trent.[172][better source needed]

Havergal Brian (1876–1972), the classical composer and music writer, who composed 32 symphonies and five operas,[173] was born in Stoke (in Dresden). The large scale and unfashionable style of his compositions led to them being neglected for most of his lifetime and not a note of his music was commercially issued on record during his lifetime. He died without having heard many of his finest works.[citation needed]

Food

 
Potteries Oatcake.

Staffordshire oatcakes (very different from the Scottish version and traditionally made in corner-shop style oatcake bakeries) are a much-loved local culinary speciality. They remain popular although are no longer the cheap alternative to bread. Oatcakes can be eaten cold or hot with any sweet or savoury fillings. Lobby, a stew not unlike Lancashire hotpot, is still made by local people.

Stoke Pride

Stoke Pride is the city's annual pride march that has been running since 2005, although it was not officially called Stoke Pride until 2008. It is a celebration of the city's LGBT community and attracts visitors from many different areas across the country and the globe. There were talks about such an event in 2003, but the idea was faced by opposition from the local BNP councillors and their supporters.[174] Originally held in Hanley, the event was held at Northwood Park until 2016 and has since moved to Hanley Park in 2017 attracting over 7000 attendants, six times the amount of the previous year. It continued in 2018 with increased attendance,[175] and in 2019.[176] It was due to continue in 2020, on 20 June, but was postponed because of COVID-19.[177]

Dialect

Main article: Potteries dialect

The Potteries has a distinctive local dialect. Whilst it contains many non-standard words (e.g. nesh meaning "soft, tender, or to easily get cold";[178] and slat meaning "to throw"[178]), the best known word is duck, which is used as a greeting to either men or women. It is believed to be derived from the Saxon word ducas, used to indicate respect; in Middle English this became duc or duk, which denotes a leader; in turn, it became the title Duke and the Old French word duché, which indicates the territory ruled by a Duke.[178]

Another common variation on the standard English dialect is the use of the word shug for sugar. This is usually used as a term of endearment when closing a sentence, as in "Ta Shug" (thank you, sugar).[citation needed]

A local cartoon called May un Mar Lady (Me and my Wife), published in the newspaper The Sentinel and written in Potteries dialect, first appeared on 8 July 1986 and ran for over 20 years.[179] Since the death of cartoonist Dave Follows in 2003, the full twenty-year run (7,000) of May un Mar Lady strips are being republished in The Sentinel as May un Mar Lady Revisited, keeping the dialect alive for another twenty years.

Alan Povey's Owd Grandad Piggott stories which have aired on BBC Radio Stoke for a number of years are recited in the Potteries dialect by the author.[180]

International relations

Twin towns - sister cities

Freedom of the City

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Weather station is located 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from the Stoke-on-Trent city centre.

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stoke-on-Trent.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Stoke-on-Trent.
  • "Stoke-on-Trent" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
  • The Potteries The history of the North Staffordshire Potteries
  • creativestoke.org.uk
  • staffordshire.gov.uk
  • The People's Archive Chronicling the changing face of North Staffordshire

Local media

  • Local Information from The Sentinel newspaper
  • Local Information from the BBC

May 01, 2023
stoke, trent, this, article, about, city, staffordshire, england, other, uses, disambiguation, often, abbreviated, stoke, city, unitary, authority, area, staffordshire, england, with, area, square, miles, 2019, city, estimated, population, largest, settlement,. This article is about the city in Staffordshire England For other uses see Stoke on Trent disambiguation Stoke on Trent often abbreviated to Stoke is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire England with an area of 36 square miles 93 km2 In 2019 the city had an estimated population of 256 375 9 It is the largest settlement in Staffordshire and is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle under Lyme Alsager Kidsgrove Biddulph and Stone which form a conurbation around the city Stoke on TrentCity and unitary authorityFrom top left Stoke Minster in Stoke upon Trent Trentham Gardens Wedgwood Institute Tower Square in Tunstall Bottle Kilns in Burslem and Stoke City Centre Aka Hanley Coat of armsNickname s Stoke The Potteries the city of six towns Motto Vis Unita Fortior united strength is stronger Stoke on Trent shown within Staffordshire and EnglandStoke on TrentLocation within EnglandShow map of EnglandStoke on TrentLocation within the United KingdomShow map of the United KingdomStoke on TrentLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropeCoordinates 53 00 N 2 11 W 53 000 N 2 183 W 53 000 2 183 Coordinates 53 00 N 2 11 W 53 000 N 2 183 W 53 000 2 183Sovereign stateUnited KingdomCountryEnglandRegionWest MidlandsCeremonial countyStaffordshireCounty Borough established31 March 1910City status5 June 1925 1 Unitary authority1 April 1998Administrative HQStoke upon Trent Civic Centre Government 2 3 4 TypeUnitary authority BodyStoke on Trent City Council LeadershipLeader and cabinet ExecutiveIndependent Conservative Leader of the CouncilCllr Abi Brown Conservative MPsJo Gideon C Jonathan Gullis C Jack Brereton C Area City36 08 sq mi 93 45 km2 Urban40 1 sq mi 103 9 km2 Rank223rdHighest elevation 5 52 57 33 N 2 6 36 W 52 95917 N 2 11000 W 52 95917 2 11000 820 ft 250 m Lowest elevation 6 52 58 37 N 2 12 15 W 52 97694 N 2 20417 W 52 97694 2 20417 315 ft 96 m Population 2021 9 City258 366 Rank69th Density7 160 sq mi 2 765 km2 Urban372 775 19th Urban density9 290 sq mi 3 588 km2 Metro678 000 17th Ethnicity88 7 White 7 4 Asian1 4 Black1 8 Mixed Race 0 7 Other 7 Religion60 9 Christian6 0 Muslim1 5 Other 31 6 None Not stated 8 DemonymsStokiePotter colloq Time zoneUTC 0 Greenwich Mean Time Summer DST UTC 1 British Summer Time Postcode areaSTDialling code01782ISO 3166 codeGB STEVehicle registration prefixDGSS codeE06000021NUTS 3 codeUKG23Trunk primary routesA50A500Major railway stationsStoke on Trent C1 Websitewww wbr stoke wbr gov wbr ukStoke is polycentric formed from the federation of six towns in 1910 It took its name from Stoke upon Trent where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located Hanley is the primary commercial centre the other four towns which form the city are Burslem Tunstall Longton and Fenton Stoke on Trent is the home of the pottery industry in England and known as The Potteries Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation it is now a centre for service industries and distribution centres Contents 1 History 1 1 Toponymy and etymology 1 2 Administration 1 3 Industry 1 3 1 Pottery 1 3 2 Coal mining 1 3 3 Steel 1 3 4 Other 2 Geography 2 1 Suburbs 2 2 Climate 2 3 Green belt 3 Demographics 3 1 Ethnicity 3 2 Religion 4 Points of interest 5 Economy 6 Government 6 1 Mayoral system 6 2 Council Leader and Cabinet system 6 3 Councillor representation 6 4 Members of Parliament 7 Public services 8 Religion 9 Transport 9 1 Major roads 9 2 Rail 9 3 Bus 9 4 Canals 9 5 Cycling 10 Education 10 1 Higher education 10 2 Secondary education 10 3 Potters Holidays 11 Sport 11 1 Football 11 2 Other sports teams 11 3 Individual sports persons 12 Culture art and architecture 12 1 Architecture 12 2 Science 12 3 Visual art 12 4 Public art 12 5 Theatre 12 6 Cinema 12 7 Literature 12 8 Young Poet Laureate 12 9 Media 12 10 Famous entertainers 12 11 Music 12 12 Food 12 13 Stoke Pride 13 Dialect 14 International relations 14 1 Twin towns sister cities 15 Freedom of the City 16 See also 17 Notes 18 References 19 External links 19 1 Local mediaHistory EditToponymy and etymology Edit The name Stoke is taken from the town of Stoke upon Trent the original ancient parish with other settlements being chapelries 10 Stoke derives from the Old English stoc a word that at first meant little more than place but which subsequently gained more specific but divergent connotations These variant meanings included dairy farm secondary or dependent place or farm summer pasture crossing place meeting place and place of worship It is not known which of these was intended here and all are plausible The most frequently suggested interpretations derive from a crossing point on the Roman road that ran from present day Derby to Chesterton or the early presence of a church said to have been founded in 670 AD Because Stoke was such a common name for a settlement some kind of distinguishing affix was usually added later in this case the name of the river The motto of Stoke on Trent is Vis Unita Fortior which can be translated as United Strength is Stronger or Strength United is the More Powerful or A United Force is Stronger 11 Administration Edit See also Federation of Stoke on Trent An early proposal for a federation took place in 1888 when an amendment was raised to the Local Government Bill which would have made the six towns into districts within a county of Staffordshire Potteries It was not until 1 April 1910 that the Six Towns were brought together The county borough of Hanley the municipal boroughs of Burslem Longton and Stoke together with the urban districts of Tunstall and Fenton now formed a single county borough of Stoke on Trent 12 In 1919 the borough proposed to expand further and annex the neighbouring borough of Newcastle under Lyme and the Wolstanton United Urban District both to the west of Stoke This never took place due to strong objections from Newcastle Corporation 13 A further attempt was made in 1930 with the promotion of the Stoke on Trent Extension Bill 14 Ultimately Wolstanton was instead added to Newcastle under Lyme in 1932 Although attempts to take Newcastle Wolstanton and Kidsgrove north of Tunstall were never successful the borough did expand in 1922 taking in Smallthorne Urban District and parts of other parishes from Stoke upon Trent Rural District The borough was officially granted city status in 1925 with a lord mayor from 1928 When the county borough of Stoke on Trent initially applied for city status in 1925 citing its importance as the centre of the pottery industry it was refused by the Home Office as it had fewer than 300 000 inhabitants The decision was overturned however when a direct approach was made to King George V who agreed that the borough ought to be a city The public announcement of the elevation to city status was made by the king during a visit to Stoke on 4 June 1925 15 The county borough was abolished in 1974 and Stoke became a non metropolitan district of Staffordshire Its status as a unitary authority was restored on 1 April 1997 although it remains part of the ceremonial county of Staffordshire For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region code UKG23 Industry Edit Pottery Edit Restored bottle kilns Stoke on Trent Colorado Bouillons Regina and teapots vitrified tableware by Dudson Brothers Ltd Porcelain teapot by Henry and Richard Daniel 1830 Since the 17th century the area has been almost exclusively known for its industrial scale pottery manufacturing 16 Companies such as Royal Doulton Dudson Spode founded by Josiah Spode Wedgwood founded by Josiah Wedgwood Minton founded by Thomas Minton and Baker amp Co founded by William Baker were established and based there The local abundance of coal and clay suitable for earthenware production led to the early initially limited development of the local pottery industry The construction of the Trent and Mersey Canal completed in 1777 enabled the import of china clay from Cornwall together with other materials and facilitated the production of creamware and bone china Other production centres in Britain Europe and worldwide had a considerable lead in the production of high quality wares Methodical and highly detailed research and experimentation carried out over many years nurtured the development of artistic talent throughout the local community and raised the profile of Staffordshire Potteries This was spearheaded by one man Josiah Wedgwood who cut the first sod for the canal in 1766 and erected his Etruria Works that year Wedgwood built upon the successes of earlier local potters such as his mentor Thomas Whieldon and along with scientists and engineers raised the pottery business to a new level Josiah Spode introduced bone china at Trent in 1796 and Thomas Minton opened his manufactory With the industry came a large number of notable 20th century ceramic artists including Clarice Cliff Susie Cooper Charlotte Rhead Frederick Hurten Rhead and Jabez Vodrey Coal mining Edit Chatterley Whitfield Colliery North Staffordshire was a centre for coal mining The first reports of coal mining in the area come from the 13th century 17 The Potteries Coalfield part of the North Staffordshire Coalfield covers 100 square miles 300 km2 17 Striking coal miners in the Hanley and Longton area ignited the nationwide 1842 General Strike and its associated Pottery Riots 18 When coal mining was nationalised in 1947 about 20 000 men worked in the industry in Stoke on Trent Notable Collieries included Hanley Deep Pit Trentham Superpit formerly Hem Heath Stafford and Florence Collieries Fenton Glebe Silverdale Victoria Mossfield Parkhall Norton Chatterley Whitfield and Wolstanton 17 The industry developed greatly and new investments in mining projects were planned within the City boundaries as recently as the 1990s 19 However 1994 saw the last pit to close as the Trentham Superpit was shut 20 The Stoke mining industry set several national and international records Wolstanton Colliery when modernised had the deepest mining shafts in Europe at 3 197 ft 21 In 1933 Chatterley Whitfield Colliery became the first Colliery in the country to mine one million tons of coal In the 1980s Florence Colliery in Longton repeatedly set regional and national production records in 1992 the combined Trentham Superpit Hem Heath and Florence was the first mine in Europe to produce 2 5 million saleable tonnes of coal Today the mines are all closed though the scars of mining still remain on the landscape Slag heaps are still visible on the skyline now covered with flora and fauna The Chatterley Whitfield site reopened as a museum two years after its closure in 1976 The museum closed in 1991 and the site became a local nature reserve It was declared a scheduled monument by English Heritage in 1993 22 23 The abandoned subterranean mines are inaccessible though they still add complications to many building projects and occasionally cause minor tremors detectable only by specialised equipment 24 The Phoenix Trust an independent not for profit foundation is campaigning to turn Stoke on Trent and the wider North Staffordshire Coalfield into a World Heritage Site due to its historic economic significance its leading role in the industrial revolution and as the birthplace of Primitive Methodism 25 Steel Edit The iron and steel industries occupied important roles in the development of the city both before and after federation Especially notable were those mills located in the valley at Goldendale and Shelton below the hill towns of Tunstall Burslem and Hanley Shelton Steelworks production of steel ended in 1978 instead of producing crude steel they concentrated on rolling steel billet which was transported from Scunthorpe by rail The rolling plant finally closed in 2002 26 From 1864 to 1927 Stoke housed the repair shops of the North Staffordshire Railway 27 and was the home of independent railway locomotive manufacturers Kerr Stuart and Company from 1881 to 1930 28 Shelton Steel Works and the mining operations were heavily involved in the World War II industrial effort Central to the RAF s success was the Supermarine Spitfire designed by Reginald Mitchell who whilst born at 115 Congleton Road in the nearby village of Butt Lane had his apprenticeship at Kerr Stuart and Company s railway works 29 Other Edit The Michelin tyre company also has a presence in Stoke on Trent and in the 1920s built their first UK plant in the city In the 1980s nearly 9 000 workers were employed at the plant in 2006 about 1 200 worked there 30 RAF Meir was located on the outskirts of the city Geography Edit Tunstall Tower Square Stoke on Trent is between Manchester Wolverhampton and Birmingham 31 and adjoins the town of Newcastle under Lyme to the west It lies on the upper valley of the River Trent at the south west foothills of the Pennines 32 near the uplands of the Peak District to the north east and the lowlands of the Midlands and Cheshire Plain to the south and west The city ranges from 96 to 250 metres 315 to 820 ft above sea level 6 5 For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region code UKG23 and is one of four counties or unitary districts that compose the Shropshire and Staffordshire NUTS 2 region Stoke on Trent is often known as the city of five towns the name given to it by local novelist Arnold Bennett and is the only polycentric city in the UK In his novels Bennett used mostly recognisable aliases for five of the six towns although he called Stoke Knype However Bennett said that he believed Five Towns was more euphonious than Six Towns so he omitted Fenton now sometimes referred to as the forgotten town As it is a city made up of multiple towns the city forms a conurbation although in this case the conurbation is bigger than Stoke itself because the urban area of Stoke is contiguous with that of administratively separate Newcastle The six towns run in a rough line from north to south along the A50 road Tunstall Burslem Hanley Stoke Fenton and Longton Although the city is named after the original town of Stoke and the City Council offices are located there the city centre is usually regarded as being in Hanley which had earlier developed into a major commercial centre As well as Newcastle under Lyme other nearby towns include Crewe Nantwich Congleton Biddulph Kidsgrove Stafford Uttoxeter Eccleshall Cheadle Stone and Leek Suburbs Edit As well as the Six Towns there are numerous suburbs including Abbey Hulton Adderley Green Ball Green Baddeley Green Bentilee Birches Head Blurton Bucknall Bradeley Chell Cliffe Vale Cobridge Dresden Etruria Fegg Hayes Florence Goldenhill Hartshill Heron Cross Meir Meir Park Meir Hay Middleport Milton Normacot Norton le Moors Oakhill Packmoor Penkhull Sandyford Shelton Smallthorne Sneyd Green Trentham Trent Vale and Weston Coyney Blythe Bridge Werrington and Endon although outside the city s boundaries are part of the built up area Climate Edit Stoke on Trent as with all of the United Kingdom experiences a temperate maritime climate lacking in weather extremes The local area is a little more elevated than much of Staffordshire and Cheshire resulting in cooler temperatures year round compared to the nearby Cheshire Plain However on calm clear nights this is often reversed as cold air drainage causes a temperature inversion to occur As such the Stoke on Trent and Newcastle area are generally not susceptible to severe frosts The nearest Met Office weather station is Keele University about four miles west of the city centre The absolute high temperature is 36 1 C 97 0 F 33 recorded in July 2022 although more typically the average warmest day of the year should be 27 0 C 80 6 F 34 In total just under fourteen days should report a temperature of 25 1 C 77 2 F or above 35 The absolute minimum temperature stands at 13 3 C 8 1 F 36 recorded during January 1963 In an average year a total of 48 3 air frosts will be registered Rainfall averages around 806 mm a year 37 Climate data for Keele University a elevation 178 m 584 ft 1981 2010 normals extremes 1960 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 13 3 55 9 15 4 59 7 20 6 69 1 23 7 74 7 25 9 78 6 32 5 90 5 36 1 97 0 32 9 91 2 26 5 79 7 26 8 80 2 17 3 63 1 14 4 57 9 36 1 97 0 Average high C F 6 2 43 2 6 6 43 9 9 1 48 4 11 8 53 2 15 1 59 2 17 7 63 9 19 9 67 8 19 7 67 5 16 9 62 4 13 0 55 4 9 0 48 2 6 4 43 5 12 6 54 7 Daily mean C F 3 7 38 7 3 8 38 8 5 9 42 6 7 9 46 2 11 0 51 8 13 7 56 7 15 8 60 4 15 7 60 3 13 3 55 9 9 9 49 8 6 4 43 5 3 9 39 0 9 2 48 6 Average low C F 1 1 34 0 0 9 33 6 2 6 36 7 4 0 39 2 6 9 44 4 9 6 49 3 11 7 53 1 11 6 52 9 9 7 49 5 6 8 44 2 3 7 38 7 1 4 34 5 5 9 42 6 Record low C F 13 3 8 1 10 0 14 0 9 4 15 1 4 7 23 5 2 8 27 0 1 4 34 5 5 0 41 0 4 6 40 3 1 1 34 0 2 5 27 5 7 0 19 4 12 5 9 5 13 3 8 1 Average precipitation mm inches 67 9 2 67 48 3 1 90 58 0 2 28 58 5 2 30 62 7 2 47 67 3 2 65 62 1 2 44 75 4 2 97 69 1 2 72 82 7 3 26 76 7 3 02 77 4 3 05 806 1 31 74 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 13 2 10 4 13 0 11 6 10 8 11 0 11 3 11 6 10 6 13 4 13 5 13 4 143 6Mean monthly sunshine hours 52 6 71 7 100 4 143 9 182 0 159 4 178 5 167 1 123 4 100 2 58 1 45 5 1 382 9Source 1 Met Office 38 Source 2 KNMI 39 Green belt Edit Main article Stoke on Trent Green Belt Stoke is at the centre of the Stoke on Trent Green Belt which is an environment and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Staffordshire surrounding the city and Newcastle under Lyme and extending into Cheshire It is in place to prevent urban sprawl and minimise further convergence with outlying settlements such as Kidsgrove and Biddulph 40 First defined in 1967 40 the vast majority of area covered is outside the city but there are some landscape features and places of interest within that are covered by the designation mainly along its fringes these include the Trentham and Goldenhill golf courses Hem Heath Wood Nature Reserve Meir Heath Barlaston Common Caverswall Cricket Club Park Hall Nature Reserve Chatterley Whitfield Country Park and enterprise centre the villages of Baddeley Edge and Ravenscliffe Bucknall Reservoir Caldon Canal the River Blythe and the Head of Trent Wedgwood Museum and estate Strongford Treatment Works and Trent Vale Pumping Station Demographics Edit2011 United Kingdom Census 41 Country of birth Population United Kingdom 228 294 Poland 1 801 Germany 693 Ireland 571 Italy 324 Nigeria 323 Turkey 257 Ghana 154 Kenya 150 Portugal 125 Lithuania 122 Romania 101 France 91 Spain 71Based on the 2011 census the total population of the city was 249 008 42 This was a modest increase from the 240 636 recorded in the 2001 census 50 2 of the population is female 42 91 68 of the population of Stoke on Trent were born in the UK 42 86 43 of the population identified themselves as White British 4 19 identified as British Pakistani and 1 88 identified as Other White 1 35 identified as Other Asian and 1 36 as Black 42 Regarding religion 60 89 described themselves as Christian 6 02 as Muslim and 25 19 had no religion 14 28 of the population was retired and 5 61 were students 42 Ethnicity Edit Ethnic Group1991 43 2001 44 2011 45 2021 46 Number Number Number Number White Total 236 970 96 9 228 107 94 8 220 712 88 6 215 699 83 5 White British 225 197 93 6 215 222 86 4 202 906 78 5 White Irish 907 636 572 0 2 White Gypsy or Irish Traveller 183 295 0 1 White Roma 428 0 2 White Other 2 003 4 671 11 498 4 5 Asian or Asian British Total 5 821 2 8 8 888 3 7 18 442 7 4 25 597 9 9 Asian or Asian British Indian 858 1 102 2 329 2772 1 1 Asian or Asian British Pakistani 4093 6 360 10 429 15579 6 0 Asian or Asian British Bangladeshi 293 572 1 097 1577 0 6 Asian or Asian British Chinese 334 400 1 224 1073 0 4 Asian or Asian British Other Asian 243 454 3 363 4596 1 8 Black or Black British Total 1 241 0 5 1 076 0 4 3 741 1 5 6 884 2 8 Black or Black British African 139 275 2 536 5 048 2 0 Black or Black British Caribbean 642 614 834 916 0 4 Black or Black British Other Black 460 187 371 920 0 4 Mixed or British Mixed Total 2 143 0 9 4 491 1 8 5 860 2 3 Mixed White and Black Caribbean 990 1 892 2040 0 8 Mixed White and Black African 212 559 1020 0 4 Mixed White and Asian 622 1 347 1783 0 7 Mixed Other Mixed 319 693 1017 0 4 Other Total 605 0 2 422 0 2 1 622 0 7 4 329 1 7 Other Arab 408 690 0 3 Other Any other ethnic group 605 0 2 422 0 2 1 214 3639 1 4 Total 244 637 100 240 636 100 249 008 100 258 369 100 Religion Edit Religion 2001 47 2011 48 2021 49 Number Number Number Holds religious beliefs 189 285 78 6 170 329 68 4 146 223 56 6 Christian 179 845 74 7 151 624 60 9 118 434 45 8 Buddhist 256 0 1 760 0 3 811 0 3 Hindu 428 0 2 1 384 0 6 1 356 0 5 Jewish 83 lt 0 1 66 lt 0 1 83 lt 0 1 Muslim 7 658 3 2 14 993 6 0 23 790 9 2 Sikh 563 0 2 579 0 2 602 0 2Other religion 452 0 2 923 0 4 1 150 0 4No religion 32 214 13 4 62 737 25 2 97 433 37 7Religion not stated 19 137 8 0 15 942 6 4 14 710 5 7Total population 240 636 100 0 249 008 100 0 258 366 100 0Points of interest Edit Potteries Museum amp Art Gallery The city s ceramics collection is housed in the Potteries Museum amp Art Gallery in Hanley 50 Etruria Industrial Museum on the Caldon Canal and Gladstone Pottery Museum in a former potbank in Longton are dedicated to the city s industrial heritage 51 There is also Stoke Minster which is located in the Stoke upon Trent area and is the only official church with Minster status Most of the major pottery companies based in Stoke on Trent have factory shops and visitor centres The 10 million Wedgwood Museum visitor centre opened in the firm s factory in Barlaston in October 2008 The Dudson Centre in Hanley is a museum of the family ceramics business which is partly housed in a Grade II listed bottle kiln It is also a volunteer centre Burleigh in Middleport is the world s oldest working Victorian pottery There are also smaller factory shops such as Royal Stafford in Burslem Moorcroft in Cobridge and Emma Bridgewater in Hanley In addition there are ambitious plans to open the huge Chatterley Whitfield Colliery as a mining museum since it has been given scheduled monument status The Elizabethan Ford Green Hall is a 17th century farmhouse which is now a historic house museum in Smallthorne Miss Elizabeth is a pleasure boat that travels the length of Trentham Lake within Trentham Gardens Although Trentham Gardens is in the Borough of Stafford it is just south of the city and is considered by many locals to be part of Stoke on Trent Next door is Trentham Monkey Forest which houses 140 Barbary macaques in a 60 acre 240 000 m2 enclosure that visitors can walk through The Alton Towers Resort is 10 miles 16 km east of Stoke on Trent and is one of the United Kingdom s best known attractions The Waterworld indoor swimming complex on Festival Park near Hanley is also a significant children s attraction Each of the six towns in Stoke on Trent has at least one park At nine hectares Burslem Park is one of the largest registered Victorian parks in the UK 52 Park Hall Country Park in Weston Coyney is a national nature reserve and its sandstone canyons are a Site of Special Scientific Interest 53 Hartshill Park in Stoke is also a nature reserve and Bucknall Park is home to the City Farm Westport Lake in Longport is the largest body of water in Stoke on Trent 54 and has a nature reserve Queens Park or Longton park in Dresden is one of the city s heritage parks and is famous for its horticulture and lakes It houses several buildings including a clock tower and three bowling pavilions Economy Edit Terraced housing is a common feature in the city Stoke on Trent was a world centre for fine ceramics a skilled design trade has existed in the area since at least the 12th century But in the late 1980s and 1990s Stoke on Trent was hit hard by the general decline in the British manufacturing sector Numerous factories steelworks collieries and potteries were closed including the renowned Shelton Bar steelworks This resulted in a sharp rise in unemployment in the high skilled but low paid workforce The pottery firm Wedgwood and its subsidiary Royal Doulton are based in nearby Barlaston although much production now takes place in the firm s Indonesian factory Portmeirion is based in Stoke town and now owns the Spode and Royal Worcester ceramics brands Ceramics firm Emma Bridgewater is based in Hanley Burleigh Pottery is in Middleport Wade Ceramics is in Etruria Moorcroft and Royal Stafford are based in Burslem Aynsley China is in Longton and is one of the last remaining manufacturers of bone china in the city Fine china manufacturer Dudson have premises in Hanley and Burslem Churchill China have their main factory in Tunstall while hotelware manufacturer Steelite is based in Middleport at the former Dunn Bennett site About 9 000 firms are based in the city Amongst the more notable are Bet365 55 founded by local businessman and Stoke City chairman Peter Coates 56 and formerly Phones4U a large retailer of mobile phones started by John Caudwell citation needed until it ceased trading in September 2014 Stoke City Football Club itself has been a major symbol of the city since the turn 20th century having spent most of its history in the highest two divisions of the English league constantly attracting large crowds and signing or launching the careers of many high profile players most notably Stanley Matthews and Gordon Banks The club was based at the Victoria Ground in Stoke upon Trent from 1878 until 1997 when it moved to the Britannia Stadium now the Bet365 Stadium at Trentham Lakes This was one of the early stages of regeneration in the Trentham area of the city which also included the regeneration of Trentham Gardens several years later when retail and food outlets were added to the visitor attraction Trentham Monkey Forest opened nearby in 2005 The Michelin tyre company has a complex in the city which houses its commercial head office training centre and a truck tyre re treading facility Sainsbury s supermarket and The Co operative Pharmacy have large warehouses in the city Vodafone has a large call centre on Festival Park and the UK subsidiary of the lubricant manufacturer Fuchs Petrolub has its head office at its factory in Hanley There is a steel foundry owned by Goodwin Steel Castings Ltd in Joiner s Square Premier Foods make Mr Kipling slices and Cherry Bakewells in Trent Vale The Co operative Travel had its head office in Burslem before it merged with Thomas Cook in 2010 Stoke on Trent City Council is the city s largest single employer 57 Another major employer is the Royal Stoke University Hospital with over 7 000 staff 58 KPMG s Competitive Alternatives 2004 report declared Stoke on Trent to be the most cost effective place to set up a new UK business 59 The city currently has the advantage of offering affordable business property while being surrounded by a belt of affluent areas such as the Peak District Stone south Cheshire and having excellent road links via the A500 and nearby M6 and rail links Tourism to the city was kick started by the National Garden Festival in 1986 and is now sustained by the many pottery factory shops and tours and by the improved canal network Hanley Stoke on Trent City Centre The main shopping centre is the Potteries Shopping Centre in Hanley which has 561 000 sq ft 52 100 m2 of retail space with 87 units including major stores for Next New Look Monsoon HMV River Island H Samuel and Superdrug Marks amp Spencer and T K Maxx also have stores in Hanley A new shopping centre on the site of Hanley s former bus station was due to open in 2016 but development has been delayed and the project is now in doubt 60 The other five towns of the city all have their own smaller town centres Festival Park is a large retail and business park in Etruria built on the former Garden Festival site There are also retail parks in Tunstall Fenton and Longton A new retail park in Longton opened and has Currys Smyths Pets at Home and Matalan A pub McDonald s and Pizza Hut are also on the site 61 Other notable business people from the city include Reginald H Jones Chairman of General Electric venture capitalist Jon Moulton and John Madejski chairman of Reading F C and former owner of Auto Trader 62 Night time industry has boomed in recent years with Hanley becoming increasingly popular for its theatres and restaurants In 2016 Stoke on Trent was ranked the second best city to start a business by Quality Formations based on a number of factors including commercial property energy virtual offices public transport and financial access 63 Government EditSee also Stoke on Trent City Council The city is covered by three House of Commons constituencies Stoke on Trent North Stoke on Trent Central and Stoke on Trent South 64 Until 2019 the northern and central seats had returned Labour MPs since their creation in 1950 However in the 2019 general election all 3 Stoke on Trent constituencies returned a Conservative MP The former Labour heartland is highly eurosceptic leading to a 69 4 vote to leave the European Union in 2016 The city was within the West Midlands European Parliament constituency Mayoral system Edit Main article Lord Mayor of Stoke on Trent Stoke on Trent Town Hall The position of Lord Mayor is largely ceremonial The title of Lord Mayor was first conferred on the City of Stoke on Trent by King George V who visited Stoke on Trent Town Hall to award the town city status on 5 June 1925 65 The role of Lord Mayor is decided upon by a vote amongst the elected councillors the candidates are also selected from the councillors Between 1910 and 1928 the Borough and later City of Stoke on Trent had a Mayor rather than a Lord Mayor The first Mayor of Stoke on Trent was Cecil Wedgwood of the Wedgwood pottery dynasty 66 The city was one of a limited number of English districts with an elected mayor and the only council to use the mayor and council manager executive arrangements 67 68 although it was removed following a local referendum on 23 October 2008 A local referendum approved a directly elected mayor system on 3 May 2002 by 28 601 votes to 20 578 turnout of 27 8 69 Mike Wolfe an independent candidate became the first directly elected mayor after an election on 17 October 2002 narrowly beating Labour Party candidate George Stevenson by just 300 votes 70 The elected Mayor from 5 May 2005 to 5 June 2009 was Mark Meredith Labour Party 71 The 2005 election was notable because about 10 of the ballot papers were either spoiled or ineligible 72 Meredith s election platform included a pledge to have another referendum on the post of elected mayor 73 This was scheduled for May 2007 and resulted in the abolition of the mayoral system On 23 October 2008 voters returned to the polls to choose between modifying the system to Mayor and Cabinet or abolishing the position of elected Mayor Votes were 21 231 for abolition and 14 592 for modification on a turnout of 19 23 74 Council Leader and Cabinet system Edit Following a citywide referendum abolishing the position of elected mayor a Leader and Cabinet system was adopted on 5 June 2009 The Leader of the council is elected by councillors Each cabinet member makes the decisions on their portfolio area and explains the decisions at the monthly cabinet meetings 75 The current leader of the council is Cllr Abi Brown who is also leader of the Conservative group one of the parties that forms the city s coalition administration 76 Councillor representation Edit Since the 2015 local elections no party has had overall control of the city council Following the local elections in May 2019 the council is a Conservative and City Independents coalition 77 Party Councillors 78 Labour 16Independent 12Conservative 15UKIP 1Members of Parliament Edit See also List of Parliamentary constituencies in Staffordshire Constituency Member of Parliament Political party Year first elected NotesStoke on Trent Central Jo Gideon Conservative Party 2019Stoke on Trent North Jonathan Gullis Conservative Party 2019Stoke on Trent South Jack Brereton Conservative Party 2017Public services Edit Royal Stoke University Hospital Former City Central Library amp Archives Bethesda Street Hanley The city s acute hospital is the Royal Stoke University Hospital run by the University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust It formerly comprised two sites the Royal Infirmary and the City General The hospital was rebuilt on the City General site on the A34 London Road Community health services are run by Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Partnership NHS Trust with mental health services provided by North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust Policing in Stoke on Trent is provided by Staffordshire Police which has police stations in Hanley Bucknall Burslem Longton Stoke and Tunstall Stoke on Trent Crown Court and Stoke on Trent County Court share Stoke on Trent Combined Court Centre in Hanley There is no magistrates court Hearings were held in Fenton Town Hall until it closed in 2012 all magistrates proceedings now take place in Newcastle 79 Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service which has fire stations in Hanley Longton Burslem and Sandyford Severn Trent manages Stoke on Trent s drinking and waste water Since the 1970s the city s main library had been the former Hanley Library later known as the City Central Library amp Archives in Bethesda Street which was also home to the city s archives During this period the City Council also operated eight smaller libraries throughout the city In July 2022 it was announced that the Hanley Library building along with others in the city would be closed with a view to being sold The city archives would be moved to the Potteries Museum and Art Gallery an adjacent building with frontages to Bethesda Street and Broad street 80 Religion Edit Hugh Bourne founder of Primitive Methodism Stoke on Trent does not have a cathedral but the city s main Church of England civic church is Stoke Minster The city is within the Anglican Diocese of Lichfield 81 The city is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham and the immediate area has six Catholic parishes they are dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Our Lady of the Angels Saint George Saint Gregory the Great Saint Maria Goretti and Saint Teresa 82 Primitive Methodism was founded by Hugh Bourne a native of Stoke on Trent at a public gathering in the nearby village of Mow Cop He originally followed the Wesleyan form of Methodism but in 1801 he reformed the Methodist service by conducting it outside He founded the first chapel in Tunstall with his brother in 1811 83 He promoted Sunday schools as a method of improving children s education advocated the equal treatment of women and men and was involved in the temperance movement It was from the Primitive Methodists that many early trade unions found their early leaders 84 Also of note is John Lightfoot a 17th century churchman and rabbinical scholar The city s first purpose built mosque was completed in 2012 85 The city s only synagogue closed in 2006 and was replaced with a smaller one in nearby Newcastle under Lyme 86 In September 2017 an anti terrorist undercover officer secretly recorded 17 sermons by radical preacher Kamran Hussain at Tunstall mosque He went to trial and was convicted for encouraging terrorism and glorifying the Islamic State 87 Transport EditMajor roads Edit A50 close to Longton Stoke on Trent is linked to the nearby M6 motorway at junctions 15 and 16 by the A500 Locally the A500 is known as the D road 88 as its loop between the two motorway junctions along with the straight section of the M6 between the junctions resembles the shape of a capital letter D Coincidentally the number 500 expressed in Roman numerals is D The A50 provides an east west link between the M6 and the M1 motorway it joins up with the A500 close to the Bet365 Stadium Improvements to the road network have led to the construction of product distribution centres in the area 89 Rail Edit Stoke on Trent railway station built 1848 Stoke on Trent railway station is located on the Stafford Manchester line The other railway stations in the city are Longport and Longton both on the Crewe Derby line Etruria station was closed in September 2005 Avanti West Coast Pendolino 390029 is named after Stoke on Trent A diagram of local rail services in Stoke on Trent Bus Edit Local public transport is provided almost exclusively by bus Bus services are mainly operated by First Potteries There are also several smaller companies operating bus services in the city like D amp G Bus There are central bus stations in Hanley and Longton National Express operate long distance coach services from Hanley bus station As part of the city s regeneration a new bus station has been constructed in Hanley allowing the old one to be demolished making room for further redevelopment 90 As of January 2015 there are no local authority supported bus services in the city 91 Between 2013 14 and 2023 bus service provision shrank by 50 92 Canals Edit Canal on New Leek Road The city is served by the Trent and Mersey Canal which sees traffic of some 10 000 boats a year Additionally the Caldon Canal branches off from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Etruria within the city boundaries going to Froghall with one branch going to Leek Cycling Edit As of November 2009 there are 77 miles 124 km of new National Cycle Network off road bicycle paths through the city connecting to the national long distance paths which were completed in 2005 Together with those in Newcastle under Lyme there are now over 100 miles 160 km of cycle paths in the urban conurbation 93 A further 10 million of funding has now been secured for the city s cycling network to be spent in 2009 2011 through Cycling England s support for Stoke as a Cycling City 94 Education EditHigher education Edit Staffordshire University Stoke campus There are four further and higher education institutions in the local area the two further education colleges being City of Stoke on Trent Sixth Form College and Stoke on Trent College Formerly of Fenton now located in a newly built structure on Leek Road the Sixth Form college provides A Level teaching for around 1 800 students Stoke on Trent College is much larger and less specialised offering apprenticeships and adult education and has a main campus Cauldon Campus in Shelton and a secondary campus in Burslem The city is also home to Staffordshire University formerly North Staffordshire Polytechnic with its main site in Shelton near Stoke on Trent railway station It gained its university status in 1992 as one of the post 1992 universities Keele University School of Medicine uses facilities at the Royal Stoke University Hospital in Hartshill Keele University itself was founded as the University College of North Staffordshire in 1949 with major involvement by Stoke on Trent City Council and is located in the nearby village of Keele Secondary education Edit See also List of schools in Stoke on Trent The city currently has 15 secondary schools Sir Thomas Boughey Academy Birches Head Academy Co op Academy Stoke on Trent Discovery Academy Excel Academy Haywood Academy Ormiston Horizon Academy Ormiston Sir Stanley Matthews Academy St Joseph s College St Margaret Ward Catholic Academy Ormiston Meridian Academy St Peter s Academy St Thomas More Catholic Academy Stoke Studio College with sites in Longton and Burslem Thistley Hough Academy and Trentham High School A major re structure of Stoke on Trent s high school system was proposed in 2007 95 As part of these plans several established secondary schools closed or merged including Longton High School closed 2010 96 Mitchell High and Edensor High merged to form The Discovery Academy 97 St Peter s CE High School and Berry Hill High merged to form St Peter s Academy 98 Potters Holidays Edit One of the legacies of the pottery industry was Stoke s own version of the wakes week Although better known in industrial Lancashire the Stoke week is known locally as the Potters Holidays 99 or Potters Fortnight and occurred the last week in June the first week in July and another week in August This gave what appeared to be strange school holidays with the summer term having a two week break at the end of June then children returning to school for three weeks before taking a five week summer holiday This observance has disappeared from the local schools due to decreased emphasis on traditional industries Sport EditFootball Edit Stoke City s Bet365 Stadium opened in 1997 has a 30 089 capacity 100 Stoke on Trent is the smallest city to boast two professional clubs in the English Football League The club bearing the area s name is Stoke City formed in 1863 and is the second oldest professional football club in England 101 They currently play at the Bet365 Stadium at Stanley Matthews Way Stoke on Trent which has been their home since 1997 when they relocated from the Victoria Ground in Stoke after 119 years 102 They were among the twelve founding members of the Football League in 1888 but did not win their first and to date only major trophy until 1972 when they lifted the League Cup 103 In 1985 they were relegated from the First Division and began a 23 year exile from the top flight of English football which did not end until they won promotion in 2008 by which time the First Division had become the Premier League 104 Stoke City reached the final of the FA Cup for the first time in 2011 but were defeated by Manchester City 105 Stoke City were relegated from the Premier League in 2018 106 The club and the city s most famous player is the late Sir Stanley Matthews who began and ended his playing career with Stoke City sandwiching a 14 year spell at Blackpool where he played in what became known as the Matthews Final 107 He also managed Port Vale from 1965 to 1968 107 He was the first active footballer to receive a Knighthood 107 Matthews made 54 appearances for his country scoring 11 times 107 There are two statues of Matthews in the city one in Hanley and one at the Bet365 Stadium 107 Vale Park home of Port Vale Completed in 1950 at the time of its construction it was nicknamed The Wembley of the North 108 The city s other professional football club is Port Vale who were formed in 1876 and play at Vale Park in the Burslem area 109 Previous stadiums include the Athletic Ground in Cobridge 1886 1913 and The Old Recreation Ground in Hanley 1913 1950 110 111 They joined the Football League in 1892 but were forced to resign in 1907 due to financial problems only to return in 1919 112 Their highest league position came in 1931 when they finished fifth in the Second Division 112 In 1954 while in the Third Division North they progressed to the FA Cup semi final when they were knocked out by First Division West Bromwich Albion at Villa Park 112 This remains the furthest they have progressed in the competition 112 Unlike Stoke City their local rivals in the Potteries derby they have never played top division football and hold the record for most years spent in the second tier without ever playing in the first 113 114 Individuals of note include John Rudge who managed the club for 16 years from 1983 to 1999 and Roy Sproson who made a club record 842 appearances for the club from 1950 until 1972 and was later their manager 115 116 Previous clubs from the city include Dresden United a club which was disestablished before the city was federated 117 as well as amateur clubs Meir KA 1972 2010 and Norton United 1989 2015 118 Currently the city is represented at amateur level by Eastwood Hanley 1946 1997 re established in 2014 and Hanley Town established 1966 119 120 Other sports teams Edit The city speedway team is the Stoke Potters Speedway was staged at the Greyhound Stadium in Sun Street Hanley intermittently between 1929 and 1939 In 1947 the Potters were part of the post war boom rising from Division Three of the National League to Division Two before closing in the early 1950s The Potters were revived in 1960 and they raced in the Provincial League until the end of 1963 when the stadium was closed and the site redeveloped Speedway was revived at Loomer Road Stadium in Newcastle under Lyme initially as Chesterton before it reverted to the Stoke name For many years the Potters raced in the Premier League the sports second division but as of November 2010 have dropped a division and in 2011 will race in the National League The stadium is also used for BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars and BriSCA Formula 2 Stock Cars during the summer Cycle Speedway was very popular in the city from the 1940s Boys would travel all over the city to race against rival teams The most famous team in the 1960s was Shelton Tigers they travelled all over England and Wales to race against other teams The Tigers won the Midland League and the British Champion s of Champions Trophy against Southampton The ski race team based at the artificial ski slope in Festival Park compete in national Snowsport England and international FIS Federation Internationale de Ski events The city has a number of amateur sports clubs including rugby union and cricket the latter competing in the North Staffs and South Cheshire Cricket League The cricket ground in Longton is one of the venues used by Staffordshire County Cricket Club As well as the Longton club Meir Heath Cricket Club are also active though the County Ground and the Michelin Ground are no longer used for cricket Stoke Spitfires was the name of the city s American football team The team eventually folded in 1992 after a record of 35 34 1 In 1994 the Staffordshire Surge was formed and played their matches in and around Stoke on Trent Currently the team play at Longton Rugby Club in Division One North of the British American Football League Individual sports persons Edit The city has a sporting Hall of Fame opened in 2011 to honour sporting legends from the city As of March 2011 it holds the names of Stanley Matthews and Phil Taylor legends of football and darts respectively were the first names to be inducted into the Hall of Fame 121 They were quickly followed by Port Vale legend Roy Sproson and England s World Cup winning goalkeeper Gordon Banks who spent five years with Stoke City 122 The World Professional Darts Championship was hosted in the Jollees venue in the south of the city from 1979 to 1985 Phil Taylor has won the World Championship a record 16 times winning the championship in both the Professional Darts Corporation PDC and British Darts Organisation BDO Two time PDC World Champion Adrian Lewis and two time BDO World Champion Ted Hankey are also from the Stoke area Other well known players from or based in Stoke include Chris Mason Andy Hamilton and Ian White World champion squash player Great Britain and England international Angela Smith was born in the city and was largely responsible for the ladies game going open She is regarded as one of the most famous players of British squash 123 Wicket keeper Bob Taylor who played for Derbyshire and England was born and still lives in the area He represented England 58 times and still holds the world record for the most dismissals in the first class game 1649 In golf Trenthams David Lynn the golfer born 1973 was the KLM Open Champion of 2004 124 Other notable sports people from the area include footballers turned TV pundits Mark Bright Garth Crooks and Robbie Earle tennis player Andrew Foster snooker players Ray Reardon Dave Harold and Jamie Cope field hockey player Imran Sherwani cycling world record holder Tommy Godwin wrestler Peter Thornley better known as Kendo Nagasaki professional strongman Eddie Hall and European taekwondo champion Charlie Maddock Culture art and architecture Edit Burslem School of Art Architecture Edit From the half timbered farmhouse vernacular of Ford Green Hall through the 18th century canal side Wedgwood estate of Etruria one of the hubs of the Industrial Revolution to 19th Century country house estates eg Trentham Hall and railway buildings such as Stoke Station and more lately in the 20th century the expansion and renewal of industrial civic and amenity buildings including Potteries Museum and Art Gallery the architecture of North Staffordshire has a history expressive of locally acquired or manufactured building materials quarried stone coal and clay for brick and tile making ash sand gravel and cement for concrete and also cast iron steel and timber Stoke on Trent s architecture is tied closely to the industrial heritage of the city Bottle ovens used for early pottery manufacture canal side and railway related mill factory or warehouse buildings evolved within the tightly knit street pattern of each of the six townships from transport links and adjacency to local generationally skilled labour Post WWII pottery factories developed a style typified by open plan manufacturing areas surrounded by wide expanses of window walling from floor to ceiling allowing good daylighting for intricate tasks such as lithography fettling and decoration Colclough China Longton a factory typical of the mid 20th Century In 1966 Stone Staffordshire born Cedric Price had proposed a Potteries Thinkbelt design which sought to make use of decommissioned railway routes following the Beeching Cuts and the scarred landscape of coal mining to provide linked learning centres for a technical industry based curriculum The Staffordshire University Architecture course has introduced an annual Cedric Price day celebrating this and other projects of his 125 Science Edit Oliver Lodge 1851 1940 was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of and holder of key patents for radio He was born in Penkhull William Astbury 1898 1962 was an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X ray diffraction studies of biological molecules He was born in Longton Visual art Edit The major art gallery is The Potteries Museum amp Art Gallery located in Hanley It contains a collection of fine ceramics a rotating programme of exhibitions and a permanent collection In 2010 it became one of the permanent homes of the Staffordshire Hoard the most important collection of Anglo Saxon gold yet found The city s Cultural Quarter in Hanley contains the Potteries Museum amp Art Gallery the Regent Theatre and the Victoria Hall There are also smaller elements including the independent Dazed Gallery 126 and AirSpace the city s only contemporary art gallery artist led and artist run 127 The Artbay Gallery in Fenton 128 has a contemporary range of original works as well as limited editions Edwardian School of Art in Burslem has been refurbished with 1 2 million and is now run without a public subsidy The Hothouse Centre for Ceramic Design and the Roslyn Works complex of craft studios operate in Longton Also based in Burslem is the Barewall Gallery 129 which has a large collection of work by local artists including original art by Arthur Berry The Lowry of The Potteries Jack Simcock and by new emerging Potteries artists Stoke on Trent is the birthplace of several artists including Arthur Berry also a novelist playwright amp poet Glenys Barton sculptor Arnold Machin sculptor coin amp stamp designer and Sidney Tushingham A R E Public art Edit The Grade II listed statue of Perseus with the Head of Medusa which stands adjacent to the lake at Trentham Gardens a part of Trentham Estate is a copy of an original work by Benvenuto Cellini which was sculpted for Cosimo I Duke of Tuscany from 1545 to 1554 In the early 19th Century the then Duke of Tuscany allowed a cast of Cellini s statue to be taken for his friend the 2nd Duke of Sutherland it is the only bronze cast of the statue 130 The bronze sculpture was installed at Trentham in 1840 during Charles Barry s remodelling of the estate and the statue forms a focal point for his Italianate gardens located by the lake at the south end of the central axis of the parterre Barry designed the circular platform on which the statue is set Perseus with the Head of Medusa sculpture by Benvenuto Cellini at Trentham Gardens Welcoming visitors to the city as they alight from their train at Stoke on Trent station is a statue of Josiah Wedgwood 131 the centrepiece to the Grade II listed Winton Square area The statue by Edward Davis was cast in bronze in 1860 and first displayed at the 1862 London Exhibition also known as the International Exhibition of 1862 132 which was the successor to the 1851 Great Exhibition Funded by public subscription the Stoke on Trent unveiling took place on 24 February 1863 A replica of the statue was cast in the 1950s for the Wedgwood Barlaston factory site where it now stands outside the Wedgwood Museum In Josiah s hand is an example of his pre eminent work the Portland Vase Statue of Josiah Wedgwood by Edward Davis unveiled at its present location in 1863 The Spirit of Fire 133 also known as The Man of Fire or sometimes locally as Jack Frost or even The Spiky Man a 1964 sculpture by David Wynne is mounted upon the facade of what was the Lewis s Department Sore designed by the Percy Thomas Partnership Inscription below the sculpture reads Fire is at the root of all things visible and invisible a reference to the industrial heart of The Potteries ceramics railways steelmaking and mining Man of Fire a 1964 sculpture installed on Lewis s Store later Debenhams Hanley Stoke on Trent CAPO a modern interpretation depicting the head of Josiah Wedgwood by Vincent Woropay was originally commissioned by Stoke on Trent City Council for the 1986 National Garden Festival It was moved in 2009 to an appropriate site in Festival Way close to Wedgwood s Etruria Hall home In February 2023 the statue was demolished by council contractors during works to widen the road 134 A subsequent investigation led to the resignation of the deputy council leader as the work had not been correctly planned or authorised by the council The leader of the council has pledged to have the statue restored 135 CAPO Modernist Sculpture depicting head of Josiah Wedgwood by Vincent Woropay c Eirian Evans via Geograph A Man Can t Fly commissioned by Stoke on Trent City Council in 1989 is a statue of a figure of a man balancing horizontally upon one leg arabesque a ballet pose by Cheshire sculptor Ondre Nowakowski b 1954 The pose appears as a reference to Superman in flight It stands atop a column with the words A MAN CAN T FLY repeated vertically around its circumference 136 The location is at the Leek Road Glebe Street junction close to Stoke Station A Man Can t Fly sculpture Stoke on Trent England The Golden sculpture in March 2017 The outskirts of Tunstall became home to a new public art statue called Golden in 2015 The 69 ft 21m steel work of art by Wolfgang Buttress was privately funded with 180 000 Section 106 monies and is made from COR TEN Steel the same material as the Angel of the North 137 The tapered lozenge design features powerful LED lights that will illuminate 1 500 glass prisms containing the written wishes or memories of local residents 138 Each prism will be suspended from the main body of the sculpture by a short arm giving the artwork a bristly appearance It is located on the former site of the Potteries Pyramid 139 which was to have been moved to a nearby roundabout 140 In October 2013 a sculpture Unearthed Lidice designed by Sarah Nadin b 1983 and Nicola Winstanley b 1984 also known as Dashyline studios 141 commemorating the efforts of miners to rebuild the Czech village of Lidice devastated during the Second World War was unveiled The 6 8 metre high 22 ft 4 in steel sculpture cost 100 000 to build and features 3 000 tags bearing the initials of people who promise to share the story of the 1942 Lidice Shall Live movement North Staffordshire based Dashyline was commissioned by Stoke on Trent City Council to create the artwork which has been installed near Hanley bus station The sculpture was manufactured and installed by local Company Patera Engineering Ltd based in Fenton 142 Theatre Edit The city s main theatre is the 1 603 person capacity Regent Theatre which is in Hanley Nearby is the main concert hall the Victoria Hall The purpose built theatre in the round New Vic Theatre is just outside the city s boundary in Newcastle under Lyme The Victorian Kings Hall in Stoke on Trent Town Hall is used for smaller events In Burslem the Queen s Theatre has been refurbished and restored at private expense The Stoke on Trent Repertory Theatre is based in Stoke and puts on amateur productions The previously city council run Mitchell Memorial Youth Theatre based in Hanley completed its 4 3m refurbishment in 2011 and is now known as the Mitchell Arts Centre It is named in honour of one of the city s most famous sons Reginald Mitchell designer of the legendary World War II fighter plane the Spitfire Cinema Edit On 17 December 2015 a new 9 screen Cineworld Cinema opened in Hanley It is situated at The Hive which is an extension to the Intu Potteries shopping centre There is an Odeon multiplex cinema on Festival Park The independent volunteer run art house cinema The Stoke on Trent Film Theatre is located very near the railway station and shows art house and subtitled films as well as films that have finished their run in larger cinemas 143 Literature Edit Arnold Bennett raised in Hanley Through the works of Arnold Bennett described by some as the greatest realist writer of the 20th century 144 the Six Towns were sometimes known as the Five Towns 145 In his novels Bennett wrote about local events in the 19th century 146 and consistently changed all proper names and associations thus Hanley became Hanbridge and Burslem became Bursley 147 148 149 The Six Towns were not federated until 1910 when Fenton was still relatively new it was also the smallest in terms of population and area Bennett also changed the name of the local newspaper from The Sentinel to The Signal an identity that was subsequently adopted by the city s commercial radio station 150 Other notable contributors to literature include Elijah Fenton poet Peter Whelan playwright John Wain poet critic and scholar Pauline Stainer poet and Charles Tomlinson poet graphic artist translator editor and critic In Jorge Luis Borges novel The Garden of Forking Paths Dr Yu Tsun goes to a suburb of Fenton to meet Stephen Albert Young Poet Laureate Edit Since 2010 the council s library service has run a competition to appoint a Young Poet Laureate for the city This is a competition for local poets aged between 11 and 19 The first winner was Daniel Tatton and he was succeeded in 2011 by Bethanie Hardie 151 Media Edit The Sentinel daily local newspaper BBC Radio Stoke the third BBC local radio station to begin broadcasting Signal 1 local commercial radio Greatest Hits Radio Staffordshire amp Cheshire local commercial radio 6 Towns Radio local community radio Cross Rhythms City RadioLocal television news is covered by BBC Midlands Today and ITV Central and in certain parts of the city by BBC North West and ITV s Granada The city is to be part of the second wave of UK cities to get its own local TV Station 152 153 Famous entertainers Edit Stoke has been the birthplace of many actors and entertainers including Hugh Dancy actor Neil Morrissey actor Rachel Shenton actress Anthea Turner TV presenter Nick Hancock TV presenter Freddie Jones actor Adrian Rawlins actor Bruno Brookes former BBC Radio One presenter Dominic Burgess actorMusic Edit Stoke has a vibrant music scene The Golden Torch a local nightclub became the centre of the Northern soul scene in the early 1970s 154 Shelley s Laserdome nightclub in Longton played a pivotal role in the house and rave scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s helping launch the career of Sasha and featuring regular appearances from Carl Cox until it was eventually shut down by Staffordshire Police 155 The Void a Hanley nightclub developed a sister relationship with Sankey s Soap in Manchester helping the latter to revive its fortunes during the late 1990s via the promotion of a club night called Golden 156 Lemmy born in Burslem Robbie Williams is the most famous pop star to hail from the city Many of his songs refer to Stoke on Trent either directly or indirectly These include It s Only Us Burslem Normals The 80 s and the spoken introduction to his duet with Jonathan Wilkes of the song Me and My Shadow The song Angels was partly inspired by the golden angel at Burslem Town Hall 157 In 2015 three streets in a new housing estate in Middleport were named after Williams hit songs Supreme Street Candy Lane and Angels Way 158 Saul Hudson the lead guitarist for Guns N Roses better known by his stage name Slash was born in Stoke on Trent His father Anthony Hudson was from the area and he spent a few of his early childhood years living in the city before moving to his mother s native United States in 1970 He did not meet many of the British side of his family until 1992 when Guns N Roses played Wembley Stadium as part of the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert Slash has recalled in interviews and his autobiography that his Stoke relatives drank all of the band s considerable rider I witnessed one of my uncles my cousin and my grandfather on his very first trip to London from Stoke down every drop of liquor in our dressing room Consumed in full our booze rider in those days would have killed anyone but us 159 160 Lonnie Cook is a rock n roll guitarist and local celebrity who played with Screaming Lord Sutch in the 1970s He is remembered in the area for his Radio Stoke show Sunday Best and for standing as a Monster Raving Loony Party candidate In 2010 he started getting airplay on a New York radio station for his 1994 song Knock Me Down Pick Me Up This led to the song being released for mp3 download in the US and the UK 161 Other notable individuals and groups from the area include Andy Moor who is a DJ and producer 162 Gertie Gitana music hall star and singer 163 Lemmy the founder of the rock band Motorhead 164 165 166 Patricia Leonard singer contralto 167 Jem Finer banjoist The Pogues 168 Broken Bones and Discharge punk band who invented the D beat style 169 Experimental musician Phil Todd best known for his Ashtray Navigations project grew up in Madeley Other bands to hail from the city include This Is Seb Clarke soul punk Agent Blue alternative rock Epilogue prog rock All the Young and The Title indie In October 2007 Stoke on Trent City Council introduced a new theme tune Moving Forwards Together It was described by the council as part of our drive to help us move the city forward and create a better Stoke on Trent for people to live learn work and enjoy 170 Murdoc Niccals a fictional member of the group Gorillaz with the role of bass guitarist is in his constructed biography said to have been born in Stoke on Trent 171 The cat in Dick and Dom in da Bungalow once sang a song about Stoke on Trent 172 better source needed Havergal Brian 1876 1972 the classical composer and music writer who composed 32 symphonies and five operas 173 was born in Stoke in Dresden The large scale and unfashionable style of his compositions led to them being neglected for most of his lifetime and not a note of his music was commercially issued on record during his lifetime He died without having heard many of his finest works citation needed Food Edit Potteries Oatcake Staffordshire oatcakes very different from the Scottish version and traditionally made in corner shop style oatcake bakeries are a much loved local culinary speciality They remain popular although are no longer the cheap alternative to bread Oatcakes can be eaten cold or hot with any sweet or savoury fillings Lobby a stew not unlike Lancashire hotpot is still made by local people Stoke Pride Edit Stoke Pride is the city s annual pride march that has been running since 2005 although it was not officially called Stoke Pride until 2008 It is a celebration of the city s LGBT community and attracts visitors from many different areas across the country and the globe There were talks about such an event in 2003 but the idea was faced by opposition from the local BNP councillors and their supporters 174 Originally held in Hanley the event was held at Northwood Park until 2016 and has since moved to Hanley Park in 2017 attracting over 7000 attendants six times the amount of the previous year It continued in 2018 with increased attendance 175 and in 2019 176 It was due to continue in 2020 on 20 June but was postponed because of COVID 19 177 Dialect EditMain article Potteries dialect The Potteries has a distinctive local dialect Whilst it contains many non standard words e g nesh meaning soft tender or to easily get cold 178 and slat meaning to throw 178 the best known word is duck which is used as a greeting to either men or women It is believed to be derived from the Saxon word ducas used to indicate respect in Middle English this became duc or duk which denotes a leader in turn it became the title Duke and the Old French word duche which indicates the territory ruled by a Duke 178 Another common variation on the standard English dialect is the use of the word shug for sugar This is usually used as a term of endearment when closing a sentence as in Ta Shug thank you sugar citation needed A local cartoon called May un Mar Lady Me and my Wife published in the newspaper The Sentinel and written in Potteries dialect first appeared on 8 July 1986 and ran for over 20 years 179 Since the death of cartoonist Dave Follows in 2003 the full twenty year run 7 000 of May un Mar Lady strips are being republished in The Sentinel as May un Mar Lady Revisited keeping the dialect alive for another twenty years Alan Povey s Owd Grandad Piggott stories which have aired on BBC Radio Stoke for a number of years are recited in the Potteries dialect by the author 180 International relations EditTwin towns sister cities Edit East Liverpool Columbiana County Ohio United States of America Erlangen Bavaria GermanyFreedom of the City EditList of Freemen of the City of Stoke on Trent See also EditErlangen Germany twinned in 1989 181 182 List of people from Stoke on Trent Listed buildings in Stoke on Trent Stoke on Trent power stationNotes Edit Weather station is located 4 3 miles 6 9 km from the Stoke on Trent city centre References Edit No 33063 The London Gazette 3 July 1925 p 4449 Elected Mayor Archived 21 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine Stoke on Trent City Council MPs and MEPs Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Stoke on Trent City Council Stoke on Trent City Council Archived 13 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine Stoke on Trent City Council a b Meir Heath England Archived from the original on 10 January 2019 Retrieved 9 January 2019 a b Stoke on Trent Archived from the original on 10 January 2019 Retrieved 9 January 2019 1 Archived 2 March 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sociological history of the city of Stoke on Trent Etruscan Publication p 224 Stoke on Trent City Council Stoke on line Archived from the original on 13 September 2006 Retrieved 10 September 2006 Mayoral briefing New Local Government network Archived from the original on 16 December 2013 Retrieved 16 December 2013 Mayoral referendum results The Guardian London Archived from the original on 17 September 2006 Retrieved 22 February 2017 Independent elected in Stoke BBC News 18 October 2002 Archived from the original on 11 January 2009 Retrieved 13 November 2006 Elected Mayor Mark Meredith Stoke on line Archived from the original on 21 May 2006 Retrieved 10 September 2006 Mayoral battle is won by Labour BBC News 6 May 2005 Archived from the original on 17 May 2005 Retrieved 13 November 2006 Livingstone urges city mayor vote BBC News 21 October 2006 Retrieved 13 November 2006 Stoke votes to lose its elected mayor Birmingham Post 24 October 2008 Archived from the original on 25 October 2008 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on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 2 December 2013 Sailsman Zoe 2002 Bringing in the sheep Hugh Bourne the religious reformer from Stoke BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire British Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 6 January 2009 Retrieved 20 May 2007 Higginson Robert Hugh Bourne the religious reformer who also promoted social change BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire British Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 6 January 2009 Retrieved 20 May 2007 The Islamic Centre Stoke on Trent Archived from the original on 2 February 2011 Retrieved 23 February 2011 BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire Faith Birch Terrace synagogue deconsecration ceremony Archived from the original on 26 February 2012 Retrieved 23 February 2011 Andrews Rob 23 September 2017 How secret recordings helped catch radical preacher stokesentinel Archived from the original on 23 September 2017 Retrieved 23 September 2017 Good news for Stoke Highways Agency June 2001 Archived from the original on 27 September 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Nield Chris 24 May 2011 FA Cup parade Your photos mcfc co uk Manchester City FC Retrieved 23 December 2011 Swansea 1 2 Stoke BBC Sport Retrieved 13 May 2018 a b c d e The story of Sir Stanley Matthews BBC Sport 18 February 2010 Retrieved 12 June 2020 A Brief Club History port vale co uk Archived from the original on 4 June 2013 Retrieved 19 June 2013 Wembley of the North Vale Park Burslem www thepotteries org Retrieved 12 June 2020 Kent Jeff 1990 In the Beginning 1777 1888 The Valiants Years The Story Of Port Vale Witan Books pp 4 25 ISBN 0 9508981 4 7 What If There Had Been No Port In The Vale Startling Port Vale Stories Witan Books 2011 ISBN 978 0 9529152 8 7 a b c d Kent Jeff 1993 The Port Vale Record 1879 1993 Witan Books ISBN 0 9508981 9 8 Kent Jeff November 1998 The Potteries Derbies Witan Books p 118 ISBN 0 9529152 3 5 Turianski Bill All time Second Division Clubs with most seasons in the 2nd Level of English Football billsportsmaps com Retrieved 3 November 2018 John Rudge the quiet man BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire Retrieved 16 August 2009 Stoke on Trent at the English National Football Archive subscription required Football Club History Database Dresden United www fchd info Retrieved 12 June 2020 Football Club History Database Norton United www fchd info Retrieved 12 June 2020 Football Club History Database Eastwood Hanley www fchd info Retrieved 12 June 2020 Football Club History Database Hanley Town www fchd info Retrieved 12 June 2020 Darts champion Phil Taylor honoured by Stoke BBC Sport 8 January 2010 Retrieved 2 March 2011 Gordon Banks inducted into Stoke on Trent Hall of Fame BBC Sport 2 March 2011 Retrieved 2 March 2011 Squash champ Angela Smith BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire 9 October 2008 Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 14 May 2009 David LYNN Archived 2 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine europeantour com Work of Staffordshire born architect celebrated on Cedric Price Day 2 September 2021 Staffordshire University Retrieved 2 September 2022 Setting up amp running an art gallery interview Creative Stoke 26 September 2004 Archived from the original on 3 May 2014 Retrieved 2 May 2014 airspace Archived from the original on 12 June 2010 Retrieved 7 August 2010 Theartbay Gallery amp Fine Art Publishers Home of The UK Children s Fine Art Exhibition Theartbay co uk Archived from the original on 2 May 2014 Retrieved 2 May 2014 Original Art Work from Unique Talent Artists Work for Sale Barewall 25 November 2011 Archived from the original on 2 May 2014 Retrieved 2 May 2014 Perseus with the Head of Medusa Historic England Retrieved 2 September 2022 Josiah Wedgwood 1730 1975 Art UK Retrieved 30 August 2022 1862 London Exhibition Grace s Guide Retrieved 30 August 2022 The Spirit of Fire Art UK Retrieved 5 September 2022 Corrigan Phil 2 February 2023 It s a disgrace Anger at council error Retrieved 17 April 2023 Corrigan Phil 3 March 2023 Council officers could be disciplined in wake of Wedgwood sculpture fiasco 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Archived from the original on 28 October 2007 Retrieved 26 October 2007 Murdoc Lobotomy Pop Archived from the original on 30 September 2022 Retrieved 30 September 2022 Dick and Dom in Da Bungalow CBBC Archived from the original on 18 July 2009 Retrieved 20 May 2007 Havergal Brian Society website Archived 8 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine retrieved Jan 2015 Gays to show their Pride in a city with nine BNP councillors Hope Not Hate Archived from the original on 25 November 2010 Retrieved 4 January 2009 Record breaking crowds enjoy Stoke on Trent Pride Stoke Sentinel StokeonTrentLive 16 June 2018 Retrieved 5 August 2020 Stoke on Trent Pride 2019 Visit Stoke Retrieved 5 August 2020 Stoke on Trent Pride 2020 Pink UK Retrieved 5 August 2020 a b c Voices The history of the Potteries dialect BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire British Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 28 January 2008 Retrieved 14 May 2007 FOLLOWS AT THE FESTIVAL The Sentinel Staffordshire Sentinel Newspapers Ltd 19 April 2007 Retrieved 14 May 2007 permanent dead link Dave Follows tributes to the cartoonists cartoonist BBC Stoke amp Staffordshire British Broadcasting Corporation October 2003 Archived from the original on 14 March 2006 Retrieved 14 May 2007 Twinned Oktoberfest Stoke On Trent Archived from the original on 1 September 2019 Retrieved 1 September 2019 Erlangen Stadt 19 June 2018 Stoke on Trent www erlangen de in German Archived from the original on 1 September 2019 Retrieved 18 June 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stoke on Trent Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Stoke on Trent Stoke on Trent Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed 1911 The Potteries The history of the North Staffordshire Potteries Creative Stoke creativestoke org uk Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Archive Service staffordshire gov uk The People s Archive Chronicling the changing face of North StaffordshireLocal media Edit Local Information from The Sentinel newspaper Local Information from the BBC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stoke on Trent amp oldid 1152001156, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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