Stipa
Stipa is a genus of around 300 large perennial hermaphroditic grasses collectively known as feather grass, needle grass, and spear grass. They are placed in the subfamily Pooideae and the tribe Stipeae, which also contains many species formerly assigned to Stipa, which have since been reclassified into new genera.
| Stipa | |
|---|---|
| Mediterranean needle-grass, Stipa capensis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Supertribe: | Stipodae |
| Tribe: | Stipeae |
| Genus: | Stipa L.[1] |
| Species | |
| Some 300, see text. | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Many species are important forage crops. Several species such as Stipa brachytricha, S. arundinacea, S. splendens, S. calamagrostis, S. gigantea and S. pulchra are used as ornamental plants. One former species, esparto grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), is used for crafts and extensively in paper making.
It is a coarse grass with inrolled leaves and a panicle patterned inflorescence.[2]
Ecology edit
Species of the genus Stipa can occur in grasslands[3] or in savanna habitats. Certain specific prairie plant associations are dominated by grasses of the genus Stipa, which genus often lends its name to the terminology of some prairie types.[4] In some areas of the western United States grasses of the genus Stipa form a significant part of the understory of Blue Oak savannas, and were even a more important element prehistorically before the invasion of many European grasses.[5]
Selected species edit
- Stipa avenacea – black oat grass
- Stipa baicalensis Roshev.
- Stipa barbata Desf.
- Stipa bavarica
- Stipa borysthenica
- Stipa brachytricha – Korean feather grass
- Stipa canadensis
- Stipa capensis
- Stipa capillata L.
- Stipa coreana Honda – Korean needlegrass[6]
- Stipa grandis P.A.Smirn.
- Stipa joannis Čelak.
- Stipa leptogluma
- Stipa mexicana
- Stipa milleana
- Stipa mollis
- Stipa pennata L. – feather grass
- Stipa pulcherrima
- Stipa speciosa
- Stipa tirsa Steven
- Stipa tulcanensis
- Stipa turkestanica Hack.
- Stipa zalesskii Wilensky
Formerly placed here edit
- Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P.Beauv. (as S. calamagrostis (L.) Wahlenb.)
- Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth (as S. robusta (Vasey) Scribn.)
- Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski (as S. splendens Trin.)
- Celtica gigantea (Link) F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth (as S. gigantea Link)
- Eriocoma arida (as S. arida)
- Hesperostipa comata (as S. comata)
- Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav. (as S. ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth)
- Macrochloa tenacissima (Loefl. ex L.) Kunth (as S. tenacissima Loefl. ex L.)
- Nassella leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) R.W.Pohl (as S. leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.)
- Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Barkworth (as S. pulchra Hitchc.)
- Oryzopsis hymenoides (Ricker.) (as S. hymenoides Roem. & Schult.)[7][8]
- Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth (as S. viridula Trin.)[9]
- Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth (as Stipa spartea Trin.)[10]
- Anemanthele lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp (as Stipa arundinacea Hook.f.)[11]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Genus: Stipa L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1998-09-14. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- ^ Morley, Thomas (1966). Spring Flora of Minnesota. The University of Minnesota Press. p. 47.
- ^ Elgaily Osman Ahmed, 1983
- ^ Ecological Society of America, 1921
- ^ *C. Michael Hogan, 2008
- ^ (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 647. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
- ^ "Oryzopsis hymenoides | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
- ^ . Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- ^ "Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
- ^ "Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
- ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | Synonyms of Anemanthele lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp". wcsp.science.kew.org. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
External links edit
- Data related to Stipa at Wikispecies
- Media related to Stipa at Wikimedia Commons