fbpx
Wikipedia

Stephen I Csák

April 10, 2024

Stephen (I) from the kindred Csák (Hungarian: Csák nembeli (I.) István; c. 1235 – 1279/83) was a Hungarian noble and landowner, who held secular positions during the reign of king Ladislaus IV. His nephew and heir was the oligarch Matthew III Csák, who, based on his uncles' acquisitions, became the de facto ruler of his domain independently of the king and usurped royal prerogatives on his territories.

Stephen (I) Csák
Master of the stewards
Reign1275–1276
1276–1279
PredecessorReynold Básztély (1st term)
Reynold Básztély (2nd term)
SuccessorReynold Básztély (1st term)
Peter Csák (2nd term)
Native nameCsák (I) István
Bornc. 1235
Diedbetween 1279 and 1283
Noble familygens Csák
Spouse(s)unknown
Issuenone
FatherMatthew I
MotherMargaret N

Family edit

Stephen was born into the gens Csák as one of the four sons of Matthew I, founder and first member of the Trencsén branch, who served as master of the treasury (1242–1245), and Margaret from an unidentified noble family.[1] Stephen's brothers were Mark I, ispán (comes) of Hont County in 1247, but there is no further information about him; Matthew II, a notable general and palatine of Hungary (1278–1280; 1282–1283); and Peter I, who also held powerful positions, including palatine (1275–1276; 1277; 1278; 1281) and who, furthermore, was the father of the notorious Matthew III.[2] He had also a younger sister, who married to the Moravian noble Zdislav Sternberg, a loyal bannerman of the Csák clan.[3] Their son, Stephen Sternberg (or "the Bohemian") later inherited the Csák dominion because of the absence of a direct adult male descendant after the death of Matthew III in 1321.[4]

Career edit

Stephen was first mentioned by a royal charter, issued in 1260. According to this, he formerly occupied the village of Tata from the local Benedictine abbey. Pope Innocent IV, who died in 1254, instructed Zlaudus Ják, the Bishop of Veszprém to recover the estate for the Roman Catholic Church. Thus Stephen's tyrannical act occurred in or before 1254, so he might have been born around 1235. However Stephen did not give back the possession to its rightful owner until 1260, as a result Innocent's successor, Pope Alexander IV asked the Hungarian king, Béla IV to force him.[2]

He, along with Matthew II and Peter I, was an influential supporter of duke Stephen, who rebelled against his father, Béla's rule and took over the government of Transylvania in the 1260s. During that time, Stephen I Csák served as master of the stewards in Stephen's ducal court in 1263.[5] After the coronation of Ladislaus IV, he was appointed ispán of Trencsén County in 1272, according to historian Gyula Kristó.[6] However Attila Zsoldos identified Stephen Rátót as the noble who held that office in the first regnal year of the minor Ladislaus.[7] There is no record that he would have reached an office during the reign of Stephen V (1270–1272), whom he faithfully supported in the civil war between father and son. In 1275, Stephen was certainly ispán of Trencsén County.[7] After that he served as master of the stewards between 1275 and 1276. Besides that he also functioned as ispán of Bars County (1275–1276), Bánya (1275) and Szolgagyőr ispánates (1276). He was replaced by Reynold Básztély for a short time in 1276, however he retook the position yet at the same year and held the office until 1279. He was also ispán of Pozsony County (1277–1279). He was succeeded by his younger brother, Peter I in both positions.[8] According to Zsoldos, it is conceivable that Stephen was also master of the treasury (1273) and ispán of Sopron County (1280).[9]

Alongside his brother Matthew II, Stephen was a commander of the Hungarian forces in the Battle on the Marchfeld in August 1278. Ottokar aus der Gaal's Steirische Reimchronik ("Styrian Rhyming Chronicle") refers to him as "Stephan von Schiltberg", i.e. "Stephen from the Vértes Hills".[10] The last mention of his name occurs in 1279, when Ladislaus IV called him "magister" Stephen, the son of magister Matthew from the kindred Csák as his "beloved and faithful baron" (Latin: nobilis vir et honestus magister Stephanus filius magistri Mathey de genere Chak dilectus et fidelis baro noster). The Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgensis mentions that Ladislaus IV ate together with two barons, including "a brother of" Matthew Csák in 1282. Then he told the guards to arrest the two barons, who, however, chose death. Matthew Csák, accordingly, fled Hungary, but the queen Isabella of Sicily called him back to take part in the funeral procession. Matthew made an alliance with other disgruntled nobles and sent a diplomatic mission to Rudolf I of Germany. Historian Veronika Rudolf identified Matthew's captured and assassinated brother with Stephen, if at all the text can be accepted as authentic.[11] Stephen had no children, as a result Matthew III inherited his property, who later became the greatest enemy of Charles I during the king's war against the oligarchs and for the unified realm.[6]

Possessions edit

 
The ruins of Hrussó (Hrušov) Castle

Stephen I was a landowner near Almásfüzitő in 1269. Alongside Matthew II and Peter I, he began to acquire possessions in the north-western counties of the Kingdom of Hungary and left the ancient estates of the genus in Fejér County (e. g. Csákvár). During the rule of Béla IV, he already crossed the Danube, because the king donated Palást, Hont County (today: Plášťovce, Slovakia) to him. Stephen exchanged his land in Hetény, Komárom County (today: Chotín, Slovakia) to Kistapolcsány, Bars County (today: Topoľčianky, Slovakia) and 100 marks. Before 1274, he also owned Mahola, Vajkóc (today: Volkovce, Slovakia) and Tajna (today part of Tajná, Slovakia), however, these possessions and 50 marks were sold by Stephen for the lands of castle warriors in Bori (today: Bory, Slovakia).[2]

Stephen tried to establish his dominion in the sparsely populated northern part of Bars County. Perhaps he was the noble, who built Hrussó (Hrušov) Castle near Szkicó (today: Skýcov, Slovakia), which became his centre. King Ladislaus IV donated Ugróc (today: Veľké Uherce, Slovakia) and Oszlány (today: Oslany, Slovakia) in 1274, establishing an elongated and contiguous dominion in North Bars County.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ Markó 2006, p. 219.
  2. ^ a b c Kristó 1986, p. 31.
  3. ^ Kristó 1986, p. 50.
  4. ^ Kristó 1986, p. 199.
  5. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 71.
  6. ^ a b c Kristó 1986, p. 32.
  7. ^ a b Zsoldos 2011, p. 214.
  8. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 55.
  9. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 310.
  10. ^ Rudolf 2023, pp. 368–369.
  11. ^ Rudolf 2023, pp. 392–393.

Sources edit

  • (in Hungarian) Kristó, Gyula (1986). Csák Máté ("Matthew Csák"). Magyar História, Gondolat. Budapest. ISBN 963-281-736-2
  • (in Hungarian) Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
  • Rudolf, Veronika (2023). Közép-Európa a hosszú 13. században [Central Europe in the Long 13th Century] (in Hungarian). Arpadiana XV., Research Centre for the Humanities. ISBN 978-963-416-406-7.
  • (in Hungarian) Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3
Stephen I
Born: c. 1235  Died: between 1279 and 1283
Political offices
Preceded by Master of the stewards
1275–1276 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Master of the stewards
1276–1279 		Succeeded by

April 10, 2024
stephen, csák, stephen, from, kindred, csák, hungarian, csák, nembeli, istván, 1235, 1279, hungarian, noble, landowner, held, secular, positions, during, reign, king, ladislaus, nephew, heir, oligarch, matthew, csák, based, uncles, acquisitions, became, facto,. Stephen I from the kindred Csak Hungarian Csak nembeli I Istvan c 1235 1279 83 was a Hungarian noble and landowner who held secular positions during the reign of king Ladislaus IV His nephew and heir was the oligarch Matthew III Csak who based on his uncles acquisitions became the de facto ruler of his domain independently of the king and usurped royal prerogatives on his territories Stephen I CsakMaster of the stewardsReign1275 12761276 1279PredecessorReynold Basztely 1st term Reynold Basztely 2nd term SuccessorReynold Basztely 1st term Peter Csak 2nd term Native nameCsak I IstvanBornc 1235Diedbetween 1279 and 1283Noble familygens CsakSpouse s unknownIssuenoneFatherMatthew IMotherMargaret N Contents 1 Family 2 Career 3 Possessions 4 References 5 SourcesFamily editStephen was born into the gens Csak as one of the four sons of Matthew I founder and first member of the Trencsen branch who served as master of the treasury 1242 1245 and Margaret from an unidentified noble family 1 Stephen s brothers were Mark I ispan comes of Hont County in 1247 but there is no further information about him Matthew II a notable general and palatine of Hungary 1278 1280 1282 1283 and Peter I who also held powerful positions including palatine 1275 1276 1277 1278 1281 and who furthermore was the father of the notorious Matthew III 2 He had also a younger sister who married to the Moravian noble Zdislav Sternberg a loyal bannerman of the Csak clan 3 Their son Stephen Sternberg or the Bohemian later inherited the Csak dominion because of the absence of a direct adult male descendant after the death of Matthew III in 1321 4 Career editStephen was first mentioned by a royal charter issued in 1260 According to this he formerly occupied the village of Tata from the local Benedictine abbey Pope Innocent IV who died in 1254 instructed Zlaudus Jak the Bishop of Veszprem to recover the estate for the Roman Catholic Church Thus Stephen s tyrannical act occurred in or before 1254 so he might have been born around 1235 However Stephen did not give back the possession to its rightful owner until 1260 as a result Innocent s successor Pope Alexander IV asked the Hungarian king Bela IV to force him 2 He along with Matthew II and Peter I was an influential supporter of duke Stephen who rebelled against his father Bela s rule and took over the government of Transylvania in the 1260s During that time Stephen I Csak served as master of the stewards in Stephen s ducal court in 1263 5 After the coronation of Ladislaus IV he was appointed ispan of Trencsen County in 1272 according to historian Gyula Kristo 6 However Attila Zsoldos identified Stephen Ratot as the noble who held that office in the first regnal year of the minor Ladislaus 7 There is no record that he would have reached an office during the reign of Stephen V 1270 1272 whom he faithfully supported in the civil war between father and son In 1275 Stephen was certainly ispan of Trencsen County 7 After that he served as master of the stewards between 1275 and 1276 Besides that he also functioned as ispan of Bars County 1275 1276 Banya 1275 and Szolgagyor ispanates 1276 He was replaced by Reynold Basztely for a short time in 1276 however he retook the position yet at the same year and held the office until 1279 He was also ispan of Pozsony County 1277 1279 He was succeeded by his younger brother Peter I in both positions 8 According to Zsoldos it is conceivable that Stephen was also master of the treasury 1273 and ispan of Sopron County 1280 9 Alongside his brother Matthew II Stephen was a commander of the Hungarian forces in the Battle on the Marchfeld in August 1278 Ottokar aus der Gaal s Steirische Reimchronik Styrian Rhyming Chronicle refers to him as Stephan von Schiltberg i e Stephen from the Vertes Hills 10 The last mention of his name occurs in 1279 when Ladislaus IV called him magister Stephen the son of magister Matthew from the kindred Csak as his beloved and faithful baron Latin nobilis vir et honestus magister Stephanus filius magistri Mathey de genere Chak dilectus et fidelis baro noster The Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgensis mentions that Ladislaus IV ate together with two barons including a brother of Matthew Csak in 1282 Then he told the guards to arrest the two barons who however chose death Matthew Csak accordingly fled Hungary but the queen Isabella of Sicily called him back to take part in the funeral procession Matthew made an alliance with other disgruntled nobles and sent a diplomatic mission to Rudolf I of Germany Historian Veronika Rudolf identified Matthew s captured and assassinated brother with Stephen if at all the text can be accepted as authentic 11 Stephen had no children as a result Matthew III inherited his property who later became the greatest enemy of Charles I during the king s war against the oligarchs and for the unified realm 6 Possessions edit nbsp The ruins of Hrusso Hrusov CastleStephen I was a landowner near Almasfuzito in 1269 Alongside Matthew II and Peter I he began to acquire possessions in the north western counties of the Kingdom of Hungary and left the ancient estates of the genus in Fejer County e g Csakvar During the rule of Bela IV he already crossed the Danube because the king donated Palast Hont County today Plastovce Slovakia to him Stephen exchanged his land in Heteny Komarom County today Chotin Slovakia to Kistapolcsany Bars County today Topoľcianky Slovakia and 100 marks Before 1274 he also owned Mahola Vajkoc today Volkovce Slovakia and Tajna today part of Tajna Slovakia however these possessions and 50 marks were sold by Stephen for the lands of castle warriors in Bori today Bory Slovakia 2 Stephen tried to establish his dominion in the sparsely populated northern part of Bars County Perhaps he was the noble who built Hrusso Hrusov Castle near Szkico today Skycov Slovakia which became his centre King Ladislaus IV donated Ugroc today Veľke Uherce Slovakia and Oszlany today Oslany Slovakia in 1274 establishing an elongated and contiguous dominion in North Bars County 6 References edit Marko 2006 p 219 a b c Kristo 1986 p 31 Kristo 1986 p 50 Kristo 1986 p 199 Zsoldos 2011 p 71 a b c Kristo 1986 p 32 a b Zsoldos 2011 p 214 Zsoldos 2011 p 55 Zsoldos 2011 p 310 Rudolf 2023 pp 368 369 Rudolf 2023 pp 392 393 Sources edit in Hungarian Kristo Gyula 1986 Csak Mate Matthew Csak Magyar Historia Gondolat Budapest ISBN 963 281 736 2 in Hungarian Marko Laszlo 2006 A magyar allam fomeltosagai Szent Istvantol napjainkig Eletrajzi Lexikon The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days A Biographical Encyclopedia 2nd edition Helikon Kiado Kft Budapest ISBN 963 547 085 1 Rudolf Veronika 2023 Kozep Europa a hosszu 13 szazadban Central Europe in the Long 13th Century in Hungarian Arpadiana XV Research Centre for the Humanities ISBN 978 963 416 406 7 in Hungarian Zsoldos Attila 2011 Magyarorszag vilagi archontologiaja 1000 1301 Secular Archontology of Hungary 1000 1301 Historia MTA Tortenettudomanyi Intezete Budapest ISBN 978 963 9627 38 3Stephen IGenus CsakBorn c 1235 Died between 1279 and 1283Political officesPreceded byReynold Basztely Master of the stewards1275 1276 Succeeded byReynold BasztelyPreceded byReynold Basztely Master of the stewards1276 1279 Succeeded byPeter Csak Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stephen I Csak amp oldid 1211514916, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.