Stem rot is a disease caused by a fungus infection in the stem of crop plants. Fungus that causes stem rot are in the Rhizoctonia, Fusarium or Pythium genera. Stem rot can readily infect crops that are in their vegetative or flowering stages. The disease can survive up to five years in the soil.[1] Symptoms of stem rot includes staining of infected area, reduced crop yield and crop failure. The disease can be spread through the use of unfiltered water as well as unsterilized tools. Also leaving previous dead roots in soil can increase the risk of stem rot. Spores can also enter the plant through injured stem tissue on the plant including from insect attacks. The fungus impedes stem functions like transporting nutrients. It can cause water to leak through the lesions of stem tissue. Common infected crop plants are soybeans and potatoes. An issue with maintaining this disease is the lack of management by crop producers. Producers of soybeans tend to not manage for the disease because it is not normally yield limiting in a large area. Fungicides can be used to manage the disease as well as burning the crop after harvest or letting it decompose.[2]
Causative chemical agents produced by these fungal species may include mycotoxins: Trichothecene. Nematodes may cause symptoms similar to stem or stalk rots.
Referencesedit
^Peltier, Angelique J., Carl A. Bradley, Martin I. Chilvers, Dean K. Malvick, Daren S. Mueller, Kiersten A. Wise, and Paul D. Esker. "Biology, Yield Loss and Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean." Journal of Integrated Pest Management 3.2 (2012): 1-7.
^Giesler, Loren J. "Soybean Disease." Sclerotinia Stem Rot,. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014
^[1] Plant Disease: Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, accessed 2021
^[2] Stem Rot of Rice, University of California AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Integrated Pest Management Program, 2004
April 12, 2024
stem, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2014, learn. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Stem rot news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Stem rot is a disease caused by a fungus infection in the stem of crop plants Fungus that causes stem rot are in the Rhizoctonia Fusarium or Pythium genera Stem rot can readily infect crops that are in their vegetative or flowering stages The disease can survive up to five years in the soil 1 Symptoms of stem rot includes staining of infected area reduced crop yield and crop failure The disease can be spread through the use of unfiltered water as well as unsterilized tools Also leaving previous dead roots in soil can increase the risk of stem rot Spores can also enter the plant through injured stem tissue on the plant including from insect attacks The fungus impedes stem functions like transporting nutrients It can cause water to leak through the lesions of stem tissue Common infected crop plants are soybeans and potatoes An issue with maintaining this disease is the lack of management by crop producers Producers of soybeans tend to not manage for the disease because it is not normally yield limiting in a large area Fungicides can be used to manage the disease as well as burning the crop after harvest or letting it decompose 2 Stalk rot editSpecies that cause stalk rot include Species HostsCladosporium ear rot maize cornFusarium culmorum wheat barleyGlomerella graminicola maize sorghum ryegrass bluegrass barley wheatGibberella zeae maizePhialophora gregata Cadophora gregata Brown stem rot BSR soybeansPhyllachora maydis maizePhytophthora capsici cucumbersPhytophthora sojae 3 soybeanPhytophthora tentaculata Chrysanthemum Verbena Delphinium ajacisPythium graminicola bent grass turmeric cotton barley wheat rice beans peas sugarcaneRhizoctoniaSclerotium oryzae 4 riceSclerotinia sclerotiorum White mold beans can befall more than 350 speciesStenocarpella maydis corn canesWaitea circinata maizeCausative chemical agents produced by these fungal species may include mycotoxins Trichothecene Nematodes may cause symptoms similar to stem or stalk rots References edit Peltier Angelique J Carl A Bradley Martin I Chilvers Dean K Malvick Daren S Mueller Kiersten A Wise and Paul D Esker Biology Yield Loss and Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean Journal of Integrated Pest Management 3 2 2012 1 7 Giesler Loren J Soybean Disease Sclerotinia Stem Rot University of Nebraska Lincoln n d Web 17 Dec 2014 1 Plant Disease Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot University of Nebraska Lincoln Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources accessed 2021 2 Stem Rot of Rice University of California AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Integrated Pest Management Program 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stem rot amp oldid 1178551704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
