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Staines-upon-Thames

January 01, 1970

Staines-upon-Thames is a market town in northwest Surrey, England, around 17 miles (28 kilometres) west of central London. It is in the Borough of Spelthorne, at the confluence of the River Thames and Colne. Historically part of Middlesex, the town was transferred to Surrey in 1965. Staines is close to Heathrow Airport and is linked to the national motorway network by the M25 and M3. The town is part of the Greater London Built-up Area.

Staines-upon-Thames
Market town
Staines-upon-Thames (left) and Egham Hythe (right) viewed from the north west [note 1]
Town Hall, Market Square
Staines-upon-Thames
Location within Surrey
Area7.86 km2 (3.03 sq mi)
Population18,484 (2011 Census, traditional boundaries)[1] or 25,736 (Built-up Area, which includes Laleham)[2]
• Density2,352/km2 (6,090/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTQ036716
• London28 km (17 mi) ENE
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townStaines-Upon-Thames[3]
Postcode districtTW18-19
Dialling code01784
PoliceSurrey
FireSurrey
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Surrey
51°26′02″N 0°30′40″W / 51.434°N 0.511°W / 51.434; -0.511

The earliest evidence of human activity in the area is from the Paleolithic and, during the Neolithic, there was a causewayed enclosure on Staines Moor. The first bridge across the Thames at Staines is thought to have been built by the Romans and there was a settlement in the area around the modern High Street by the end of the 1st century CE. Throughout the Middle Ages, Staines was primarily an agricultural settlement and was held by Westminster Abbey. The first surviving record of a market is from 1218, but one may have taken place near St Mary's Church in the Anglo-Saxon period.

The industrialisation of Staines began in the mid-17th century when Thomas Ashby established a brewery in the town. Improvements to the local transport network in the mid-19th century also stimulated an expansion of the local population. The current Staines Bridge, designed by George Rennie, was opened in 1832 by William IV and the first railway line through Staines opened in 1848. The town became a centre for linoleum manufacture in 1864, when Frederick Walton established a factory on the site of the 13th-century Hale Mill.

At the end of the 20th century, Staines became infamous as the home town of the fictional film and television character, Ali G. Although many local residents felt that the town's reputation was suffering through its association with the character, Sacha Baron Cohen, the creator of Ali G, praised Staines for being a "lovely, leafy, middle-class suburb... where swans swim under the beautiful bridge". Partly in response to the reaction to the character, Spelthorne Borough Council voted in 2011 to add the suffix "upon-Thames" to the name.

Toponymy edit

The earliest document to refer to Staines is the Antonine Itinerary, thought to have been written in the early 3rd century AD, in which the location appears as Pontibus, meaning "at the bridges".[4][note 2] The first surviving records of Staines from the post-Roman period are from 1066, when the settlement appears in two separate charters as Stana and Stane.[6][note 3] In Domesday Book of 1086, the settlement is referred to as Stanes.[7] It later appears as Stanis (1167), Stanys (1428), Steynys and Staynys (1535), before the modern spelling "Staines" is first used in 1578.[6] The name derives from the Old English stān, meaning "stone",[7] and may refer to a Roman milestone on the London to Silchester road that survived into the early Anglo-Saxon period.[6]

In order to promote the town's "riverside image" and to distance it from its association with the fictional character, Ali G,[8][9] Spelthorne Borough Council voted in December 2011 to change its name from "Staines" to "Staines-upon-Thames".[10][11] The formal renaming ceremony, conducted by the Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, Dame Sarah Goad, took place on 20 May 2012.[8][10][note 4] The Royal Mail adopted the new name in mid-2013.[3]

Geography edit

Location edit

 
 
 

Staines-upon-Thames is in northeast Surrey, around 17 mi (28 km) from central London.[15] It is close to the borders of Berkshire and Greater London. The town is linked to junction 13 of the M25 by the A30[16] and to the M3 by the A308.[17] The area surrounding the borough council offices and the magistrates' courts, to the southeast of the town centre, is known as Knowle Green.[18][note 5] Egham Hythe, also in Surrey, is on the south side of the Thames and is linked to Staines by Staines Bridge.[19]

Staines town centre is close to the confluence of the rivers Colne and Thames.[20] A former millstream, known as Sweeps Ditch, ran to the east of the High Street, but much of its course was diverted underground in the 20th century.[note 6] Severe flooding events have taken place in Staines in 1894,[22] 1947,[23] and 2014.[24]

Topography and geology edit

Much of the town is built on gravel "islands" that rise above the low-lying floodplains of the Thames and Colne.[25] These gravel deposits have a typical maximum elevation of 14 m (46 ft) above ordnance datum (AOD)[20] and are as little as 0.5 m (1.6 ft) above the surrounding floodplain. Staines High Street, oriented northeast to southwest, runs across one of these islands to the site of the medieval bridge and was the nucleus of the Roman town. St Mary's Church, on "Binbury island" to the northwest of the centre, is thought to have been the focus of settlement activity in the late-Saxon period.[25] Elevations below 13.5 m (44 ft) AOD were liable to flooding until the early 19th century and many areas of gravel are covered by muddy silts and sands. There are brickearth deposits to the east of the town, along the A30, and outcrops of alluvium to the north and south.[20]

History edit

Main article: History of Staines-upon-Thames

Early history edit

The earliest evidence of human activity in Staines is from the Paleolithic. Flint blades, along with reindeer and horse bone fragments, have been found during excavations at Church Lammas, to the west of the town centre.[26][27][note 7] During the Mesolithic, the area around Staines is thought to have been covered with a dense pine and birch forest.[28] A Neolithic causewayed enclosure, about 0.8 km (0.50 mi) west of St Mary's Church, was identified by aerial photography in 1959. The site, on a gravel island in the Colne river delta, 16 m (52 ft) AOD, consisted of two concentric, subcircular ditches, with a probable main entrance at the southeastern side.[29] Pottery sherds and worked flints were found on the site, as well as fragments of human bone.[30] Other Neolithic artefacts from the local area include fragments of a jadeite axe, discovered on Staines Moor in the early 1980s, tentatively dated to c. 3500 – c. 1700 BCE.[31]

Deverel–Rimbury pottery from the Church Lammas lands indicates that the Staines area was settled in the Bronze Age and a roundhouse from the same period has been identified at Laleham.[32] Two round barrow ring ditches, one of which had a cremation burial at the centre, were found at Knowle Green in 2021.[33] A further ring ditch, around 21 m (69 ft) in diameter, was found during excavations of the Majestic House site, close to the eastern end of the High Street.[34] A Bronze Age field system at Hengrove Farm was also cultivated during the Iron Age,[35] but fell out of use around the start of the Roman period.[36] There is also evidence of an early Iron Age enclosure on Staines Moor and finds from the site include pottery sherds, flints and animal bones, with evidence of burning having taken place there.[37] Since Staines is located on the low-lying floodplain of the Thames, it is likely that historical flooding events have destroyed much of the archaeological evidence of pre-Roman human activity in the town centre.[20]

Roman and Saxon edit

The Roman road from London to Silchester crossed the Thames in the Staines area. Both the Thames and Colne are thought to have had multiple channels during this period, which may have necessitated the building of more than one bridge.[38][39][note 8] There was a settlement in the area surrounding the modern High Street and, although the date of its foundation is uncertain, the earliest archaeological evidence is from 54–96 AD, corresponding to the reign of Nero and the period of the Flavian Dynasty.[38]

 
A copper-alloy sestertius dating to the reign of Antoninus Pius (138–161), found in Staines in 2004[41]

By the mid-2nd century, Staines had increased in size and prosperity and the early Romano-British roundhouses had been replaced by stone buildings with flint and rag-stone foundations. Fragments of painted, plastered wall and floors of opus signinum have been uncovered, and the presence of tesserae indicates that at least one building had a mosaic floor.[38] A collyrium stamp, found during an excavation of 73–75 High Street, suggests that there was a healer living in the town, who could have administered to the wider local population.[42] Staines declined towards the end of the 2nd century, possibly as a result of an increased incidence of winter flooding.[43] Nevertheless, Romano-British settlement activity continued until the early 4th century, although the town appears to have been smaller and less important than it had been in the first half of the Roman period.[44][45]

Following the end of Roman rule in Britain, the main settlement at Staines appears to have shifted from the High Street area to the Binbury area surrounding St Mary's Church.[43][note 9] Archaeological evidence, including pits, ditches and pottery sherds suggests that there was a permanent settlement in this area by the mid-Saxon period and there may have been a marketplace at the northern end of Church Street.[25] Staines may have been a fortified burh and the location of a minster church.[43][note 10] A late-Saxon execution cemetery on London Road, containing the incomplete remains of up to thirty skeletons, suggests that the town was also an important local centre for the administration of justice.[43][47]

For much of the early Saxon period, the Thames through Staines marked the border between Middlesex (to the north) and Surrey (to the south). In the 9th century, the river was used by Danish Viking raiders to travel into the heart of England. In 993, the Norwegian King, Olaf Tryggvason, sailed up the Thames to Staines with a fleet of 93 ships.[48] In 1009, a large army of Vikings attacked Oxford and retreated back along the banks of the Thames, crossing the river at Staines.[46]

Governance edit

Between 1042 and 1052, Edward the Confessor rebuilt Westminster Abbey as a royal burial church[49] and endowed it with around 60 estates in the south east of England. Staines was one of the properties granted to the Abbey and remained in its possession until the Reformation.[50][51] In 1086, the manor appears in the Middlesex section of Domesday Book as Stanes.[52] In 1086, the manor had land for 24 ploughs, six mills and woodland for 30 pigs. It provided an annual income of £35 for the Abbey.[53] Since it was relatively close to Westminster, Staines acted as a home farm, providing for the abbot's personal household.[51] 13th-century abbey records indicate that a market was taking place by 1218[54] and, in 1225, there were 46 burgesses living in the settlement, suggesting that Staines had become an important local centre.[51]

Westminster Abbey was dissolved in 1540 and Staines then became a possession of the Crown, allowing Henry VIII to extend his Windsor hunting grounds further to the east. In 1613, James I granted the manor to Thomas Knyvet, who had arrested Guy Fawkes at the Palace of Westminster eight years earlier. Following Knyvet's death, Staines passed to Sir Francis Leigh and, following the Restoration of the Monarchy, it was held briefly by Sir William Drake.[55] The manor was then purchased by Richard Taylor, whose descendants lived at Knowle Green until the 19th century.[18]

Reforms during the Tudor period reduced the importance of manorial courts and the day-to-day administration of towns such as Staines became the responsibility of the vestry of the parish church.[56][57] The vestry appointed a constable, distributed funds to the poor and took charge of the repair of local roads. From the 17th century, the roles of Justices of the Peace were expanded to take greater responsibility for law and order in Staines.[58]

The modern system of local government began to emerge during the 19th century. The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 transferred responsibility for poor relief to the Poor Law Commission, whose local powers were delegated to the newly formed poor law union in 1836.[59][note 11] In 1885 a local school board was established and three years later, the Local Government Act 1888 created the Middlesex County Council.[59] An Urban District Council (UDC) and a Rural District Council (RDC) for the area were established in 1895 under the Local Government Act 1894, but the RDC was merged into the UDC in 1930.[60]

 
Spelthorne Borough Council offices, Knowle Green, were opened in 1972.[61]

Further reorganisation of the local authorities took place in the second half of the 20th century. Under the London Government Act 1963, Middlesex County Council was disbanded and the Staines UDC area was moved into Surrey.[62] The Local Government Act 1972, which came into force on 1 April 1974, merged the Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames UDCs to form the Borough of Spelthorne.[61]

Staines Bridge edit

Main article: Staines Bridge

The first surviving mention of a bridge from the medieval period is a document from 1222,[39] that authorises repairs using wood cut from Windsor Forest. In around 1250, a causeway was constructed at Egham Hythe to improve the southern approach to the crossing.[63][note 12] Also during the 13th century, there were renewals of the grant of pontage and, in 1376, tolls were levied on boat traffic to provide additional funds for maintenance.[63] Local people left bequests for not only the repair of the bridge, but also the upkeep of the roads leading to it on each side of the river.[64]

The bridge was destroyed in the Civil War and was not rebuilt until the 1680s.[65] In 1734, an Act of Parliament noted that the structure was "in a ruinous and dangerous condition" and that the money raised from tolls and local taxes was insufficient to fund adequate maintenance.[66] In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, there were four attempts to construct a new bridge. The first, designed by Thomas Sandby, was opened in 1796, but was closed two years later after cracks started to form in the stonework. A cast-iron replacement, designed by James Wilson in consultation with George Rennie was opened in 1803, but cracked within two months. A third bridge was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1804. It was designed by Rennie and was constructed of timber, strengthened with cast iron plates. Although it did not suffer from the problems of the previous two bridges, it was costly to maintain (£11,000 in 1827) and restricted the width of boats passing beneath it.[67][68]

 
Staines Bridge, opened 1832

A further Act of Parliament in 1828, authorised the borrowing of up to £60,000 for the construction of a fourth bridge. The granite structure was designed by George Rennie and was based on Waterloo Bridge.[67][69] Rennie insisted that the site of the crossing be moved upstream, where deeper foundations could be constructed. The repositioning required new approach roads to be constructed and the necessary land was subject to compulsory purchase.[67][68] The foundation stones were laid on each side of the river in September 1829[70] and William IV opened the bridge in April 1832.[69][71] Tolls for crossing the bridge were abolished in 1871.[68]

Transport and communications edit

 
Penton Hook Lock, River Thames

The earliest locks on the upper Thames were built in the 17th century, following the establishment of the Oxford-Burcot Commission.[72] However, efforts to improve the stretch of the river through Staines did not start until the 19th century. The pound lock at Penton Hook, a tight meander downstream of Staines,[73] was constructed in 1815,[74] but the weirs were not added until 1846.[73][note 13] Bell Weir Lock, upstream of the town, opened in 1818, but was rebuilt in 1867-8 after the chamber walls had collapsed the previous year.[76] The construction of the locks regulated the flow of the river and increased its depth to facilitate navigation, whilst maintaining an adequate head of water to power mills.[77]

With the exception of the construction of the causeway at Egham Hythe in the mid-13th century, there were few improvements in the local road network in the millennium following the end of the Roman period. In 1727, the turnpike road from Hounslow to Bagshot, which crossed the river via Staines Bridge, was opened. A second turnpike, from Staines to Kingston opened in 1773.[78] The re-siting of the bridge by George Rennie in the early 1830s necessitated changes in the road network at the western end of the High Street: The Market Square became a no through road and Clarence Street was constructed to direct traffic to the new crossing.[70]

The railway line through Staines between Richmond and Datchet was opened by the Windsor, Staines and South Western Railway on 22 August 1848. In 1856, Staines became a junction when the line across the Thames to Ascot was opened.[79][80] A curve linking the Ascot and Datchet lines was opened in April 1877 and remained in use until March 1965.[81] A second station in the town, Staines High Street station, to the northwest of the junction of this curve and the Datchet line, was open between 1884 and 1916.[82] The railway line through Staines to Windsor was electrified in June 1930[83] and to Virginia Water in 1937.[84] Staines signal box closed in September 1974.[85]

 
The former Staines West railway station[86]

A third station in the town was opened on 2 November 1885. Staines West was the terminus of a single-track branch from the Great Western Main Line, constructed by the Staines and West Drayton Railway Company. Originally the intention had been to create a junction with the line from Datchet and for trains to serve the main Staines station, but inter-company rivalry meant that a separate facility was built instead.[87] The freight yard closed in the 1950s and passenger services ceased in March 1965.[88] Trains continued to run to the Staines fuel yard, at Staines West, until the early 1990s.[89]

During the second half of the 20th century, there were large-scale improvements to the road network around Staines. The A30 bypass was constructed in the early 1960s and included the building of Runnymede Bridge over the Thames.[90][note 14] A second bridge, alongside the first, was required for the construction of the M25. The route of the motorway north of Staines was constrained by the Wraysbury Reservoir to the west and Staines Moor to the west.[91] The Chertsey to Staines stretch of the M25 was opened in November 1981 with three lanes in each direction, but with a wide central reservation, allowing the road to be widened easily later. Four lanes in each direction were provided from outset between the A30 and the M4.[91][note 15]

 
Memorial to those who died in the Staines air disaster

The Staines air disaster occurred on 18 June 1972, when a Hawker Siddeley Trident, operated by British European Airways, crashed shortly after takeoff from Heathrow Airport. All 118 people aboard the aircraft, including the six crew members, were killed.[93] Two memorials to all the victims were dedicated on 18 June 2004 in Staines. The first is a stained-glass window in St Mary's Church where an annual memorial service is held on 18 June.[94][95] The second is a garden near the end of Waters Drive in the Moormede Estate, close to the accident site.[96][note 16]

Commerce and industry edit

The first record of a market at Staines is from 1218, when the Sherriff of Middlesex was ordered to change the day on which it was held from Sunday to Friday. It had been discontinued by 1862, but re-established ten years later when the Town Hall was built.[98] In 2022, the market is held in the High Street on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays.[99] An annual fair to be held in the settlement was granted to Westminster Abbey by Henry III in 1228. Initially it took place over four days at Ascensiontide, but the dates were changed to 7–10 September in 1241.[98] By 1792, there were two one-day fairs each year, the first on 11 May for horses and cattle and the second on 19 September, known as the Onion Fair, for produce and trinkets.[100] The fairs were abolished in 1896 by the Home Secretary at the request of the Staines UDC.[101]

 
The Metropolitan Drinking Fountain (right) erected in 1885 was relocated to the High Street in 2002 as a non-functional monument

Domesday Book records six mills in Staines in 1086,[53] one of which is thought to have been at Yeoveney on Staines Moor. The site, close to the Wraysbury River, an anabranch of the River Colne, is thought to have been the location of a late-medieval dye works and part of the mill was used for fulling in the 14th century.[102] First recorded in 1682, Pound Mill was also on the Wraysbury River. It was bought by John Finch in 1747 and was a flour mill until the early 19th century, when it was used to grind mustard. The mill is immortalised in the road name, "Mustard Mill Road".[103][104]

Hale Mill, on the main channel of the Colne, is thought to have its origins in the 13th century, but it was rebuilt in 1388 and became a fulling mill in the 15th century. Many of the mills in the local area were purchased in the second half of the 18th century by Thomas Ashby, a miller originally from Maidenhead.[105] Ashby founded a brewery, subsequently taken over by his sons, which became a major employer in the town.[106] Brewing ceased in Staines in the 1950s, but bottling continued at the plant until the 1970s.[103]

 
Release every pattern, by David Annand, celebrates linoleum manufacture in Staines.

Staines became a centre for linoleum manufacture in 1864, when Frederick Walton, the inventor, opened the first factory to produce the floor covering on the Hale Mill site, to the north of the town centre. At its height in the 1920s, the Staines plant covered 20 ha (49 acres) and was one of twenty producers in Great Britain.[89][107] Following the end of the Second World War, there was a decline in lino sales as vinyl floor coverings became more popular. The Staines lino factory closed in 1973.[89]

The Elmsleigh Shopping Centre was opened by Elizabeth II on 22 February 1980,[108] providing 250,000 sq ft (23,000 m2) of retail space.[109][note 17] Much of the High Street was pedestrianised in 2002[111] and the Two Rivers Shopping Centre, on the site of the old linoleum works, was opened in 2002.[112][113]

In the 21st century, proximity to London, Heathrow Airport and the M25 motorway has attracted large company branch offices, including: Bupa (healthcare)[114] and Wood plc (oil & gas).[115] Siemens Building Automation Division and British Gas (part of Centrica) have their national headquarters here.[116] Samsung R&D Institute UK (SRUK), Samsung's UK R&D division, is based in the town.[117]

Residential development edit

The modern settlement of Staines appears to have originated in the late 12th century, when the area around the High Street was developed as a planned town, possibly in response to rebuilding the bridge over the Thames. The medieval street plan was not altered until the re-siting of the bridge in the 1830s, at which point the urban area began to spread beyond the confines of the gravel islands.[43]

The population of Staines grew from 1,750 in 1801 to 2,487 in 1841 and 4,638 in 1881.[118] The increase in the second half of the 19th century was stimulated in part by the arrival of the railway in 1848. Cottages for artisans and semi-skilled workers began to spread along the London and Kingston Roads from the mid-19th century onwards.[106] The residential roads to the south and southeast of the town centre were created in the early 1930s.[119] Following the Second World War, there were new housing developments on Commercial Road and between Kingston Road and Elizabeth Avenue, primarily to provide accommodation for workers at the rapidly expanding Heathrow Airport.[120]

Staines in the Second World War edit

Despite its proximity to London and the fact that Staines Bridge and the local factories presented obvious enemy targets, the town sustained relatively little bomb damage during the Second World War.[15] There was a severe bombing raid on Staines on the night of 24–25 August 1940 and a V-1 flying bomb landed at the junction of Stanish Crescent and Kingston Road on 19 June 1944, killing four people and injuring a further 17.[15][121] Within the Staines Urban District, a total 71 civilians died as result of enemy action.[122] The Lagonda works at Egham Hythe were converted to the manufacture of munitions and the linoleum factory was dedicated to making military supplies.[15]

Much of the civil defence effort was focused on the defence of Staines Bridge and tank traps were installed at each end.[15] At the start of the war, a Bailey bridge was constructed across the Thames, in case the main bridge was damaged by bombing.[123] The Bailey bridge remained in use for pedestrians until 1959, when it was dismantled.[68]

National and local government edit

UK parliament edit

The town is in the parliamentary constituency of Spelthorne. As of July 2022, it is represented at Westminster by Conservative Kwasi Kwarteng, who was first elected in May 2010.[124][125]

County council edit

Councillors are elected to Surrey County Council every four years. The majority of the town is in the Staines electoral division, but areas to the southeast of the centre are in the Staines South and Ashford West electoral division.[126][127]

Borough council edit

Staines is divided between three wards, each of which elects three councillors to Spelthorne Borough Council. The wards are Staines, Staines South, and Riverside and Laleham.[127][128] The Borough of Spelthorne has been twinned with Melun, France since 1990 and with Grand Port, Mauritius since 2009.[129]

Demography and housing edit

2011 Census Key Statistics
Output area Population Households % Owned outright % Owned with a loan hectares[1]
Staines (ward) 7,861 3,528 24.0% 33.8% 550
Staines South (ward) 7,123 2,899 29.9% 37.7% 131
Spelthorne 009B (riverside north) 1,818 862 37.6% 37.5% 35
Spelthorne 009C (riverside south) 1,662 723 51.5% 39.1% 70
Regional average 35.1% 32.5%
2011 Census Homes
Output area Detached Semi-detached Terraced Flats and apartments Caravans/temporary/mobile homes shared between households[1]
Staines (ward) 387 844 843 1,439 2 13
Staines South (ward) 197 1,505 702 492 1 2
Spelthorne 009B (riverside north) 174 225 93 365 0 5
Spelthorne 009C (riverside south) 369 96 109 148 1 0

Across the South East Region, 28% of homes were detached houses and 22.6% were apartments.[1]

Public services edit

Utilities edit

The first drinking water supply to Staines was provided by the West Surrey Water Company, whose works at Egham were built in 1889. Between 1960 and 1973, the company merged with its neighbours serving Woking and south west London, to form the North Surrey Water Company.[130][note 18] Today, Affinity Water is responsible for supplying the town with drinking water.[131]

Until the start of the 20th century, wastewater from Staines was discharged directly into the River Thames. Construction of the sewerage system began in 1899. The works closed in 1936, when the town sewers were connected to Mogden Sewage Works in Isleworth.[132][133]

The Staines and Egham Gas Light and Coke Company was formed in 1834. It began to supply gas from its works in Bedfont Lane in Egham Hythe to the streetlamps on Staines Bridge in February of that year and the gas main to Staines was laid in 1835.[130] At the start of the First World War, the Staines and Egham company was acquired by the Brentford Gas Company, which in 1949, following further mergers and acquisitions, became the North Thames Gas Company. A 177 ft high (54 m) gasometer was constructed in Staines in 1927 and was demolished in 1986.[134]

The first electricity generating station serving Staines opened in Egham High Street in 1905. It operated until 1912, when it was replaced by at new facility on The Causeway in Egham Hythe. The new works opened with an installed capacity of 188 kW and, by the time of its closure in 1924, it was capable of generating 688 kW.[135]

Emergency services and justice edit

The earliest record of a permanent fire-fighting force in Staines is from 1738, when a hand-operated fire pump was purchased for the brigade.[136] Reforms in 1774 transferred responsibility for fire services to the local authority[137] and, in 1800, a new manual fire engine was purchased by the Staines force. The Staines UDC purchased the first diesel engine for the brigade in 1926, which was replaced by a Leyland terrier pump escape engine in 1935.[136] Middlesex County Council took over responsibility for local fire services on 1 April 1948, building a new fire station at Stanwell and closing the Staines station in 1962. Surrey County Council became the fire authority for the local area in 1965.[62]

 
Staines Police Station, opened 1998

The first surviving record of a town gaol in Staines is from 1274 and the erection of a new pillory and ducking stool is described in 1335. There were stocks in the Market Square through the 16th century until at least 1790.[138] The vestry appointed the town Constable from the early 15th century[139] until 1840, when responsibility for law enforcement was passed to the Metropolitan Police. In 1865, the police station moved to Kingston Road, later the site of the candle factory.[138] The force relocated to a second station on Kingston Road in 1876[140] and moved again to new premises on the same street in 1998.[141][142] In 2022, the local police force is Surrey Police.[143]

The magistrates' courts at Knowle Green, opposite the Spelthorne Borough Council offices, were opened in 1976.[61]

Healthcare edit

Staines Cottage Hospital was opened on 19 May 1914 on the corner of Kingston Road and Worple Road. It was renamed Staines Hospital in 1933, but its importance decreased following the opening of Ashford Hospital in 1939. During the 1960s, the men's wards were shut and it became a hospital for female patients only. It closed in the early 1980s and the buildings were demolished in 1986. The Kingscroft respite service for adults with learning difficulties opened on the site in 1987.[144][145]

The nearest hospital with an A&E is St Peter's Hospital, 3.9 mi (6.3 km) from Staines-upon-Thames.[146] As of 2022, the town has GP practices at Burgess Way, Knowle Green and on Rochester Road.[147]

Transport edit

Bus edit

Staines is linked by a number of bus routes to surrounding towns and villages in north Surrey, south west London (including Heathrow Airport) and east Berkshire. Operators serving the town include London United, First Berkshire & The Thames Valley and White Bus Services.[148] The bus station is to the south of the Elmsleigh Centre.[149]

Train edit

 
Staines railway station main building, seen from the north

Staines railway station is to the east of the town centre. It is managed by South Western Railway, which operates all services. Trains run to London Waterloo via Clapham Junction, to Reading via Ascot and to Windsor and Eton Riverside via Datchet.[150]

River navigation edit

The non-tidal section of the River Thames is navigable between Lechlade in Gloucestershire and Teddington Lock. The navigation authority is the Environment Agency.[151][note 19]

Long-distance cycle route and footpath edit

National Cycle Route 4, which links London to Fishguard, passes through Staines.[154] The Thames Path crosses Staines Bridge.[155]

Education edit

Early schools edit

 
The old school house on Thames Street

The surviving first record of a schoolmaster in Staines is from 1353 and there are mentions of later postholders in documents dating from 1580 to 1673. However, by the 18th century, it appears that there was no dedicated teacher living in the town and, in 1795, the parish clerk was in receipt of a modest salary to teach four children.[156] The British Boys' School in Staines was founded in 1808 and the girls' school was in existence by 1832. By 1852, the boys' school was in Hale Street and was educating around 35 pupils. An infants' school was founded in 1833, which moved with the girls school to Thames Street in 1867.[156] The two schools moved again to larger premises in the same road, but the 1867 schoolhouse still survives behind the shop fronts.[157] National Schools for boys and girls were established in 1818 and in the mid-1820s respectively, but both closed for around a decade before reopening in the mid-1840s. The girls' school moved to new premises in Bridge Street in 1850 and the boys' school relocated to London Road in 1863.[156]

Maintained schools edit

Riverbridge Primary School was formed from the merger of three predecessor schools in September 2011.[158] The oldest was Shortwood Infant School, which opened in 1905 as the Stanwell Road School. Knowle Park School opened in 1974, but had its origins in the Wyatt Road School which was formed in 1896. Kingscroft Junior School opened in 1992 and replaced Kingston Road School, which had opened in 1903.[157][158][59] Riverbridge Primary School operated across three sites, until September 2014, when the former Shortwood Infant School premises were closed.[159] The school became part of the Lumen Learning Trust in Autumn 2016.[160]

Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Primary School was founded in 1893.[161]

The construction of the Matthew Arnold School started in 1939, but work was suspended at the outbreak of the Second World War. However, parts of the building were sufficiently close to completion to allow pupils aged 11 to 14 from Kingston Road School to transfer to the site, after their classrooms were damaged by bombing. The school formally opened in 1954.[158]

Independent school edit

Staines Preparatory School was founded by Cyril Travers Burges and opened on 8 May 1935.[162] The original premises were at 1 Gresham Road, but the school moved to number 3 in 1938 and expanded to number 5 in 1951.[163] The Burges Wing was constructed in 1991; the Jubilee Wing was built in 2002, and was extended in 2008.[164] Today, Staines Prep School educates boys and girls between the ages of 3 and 11.[165]

Places of worship edit

St Mary's Church edit

 
St Mary's Church
Main article: St Mary's, Staines

St Mary's Church is first recorded in 1179, but it is thought to have been in existence for at least 100 years before that.[166] There is no mention of a church in Domesday Book,[53][note 10] but there may have been a place of worship on the site since the 9th century.[167] By the end of the medieval period, St Mary's had a chancel, nave and an aisle on the north side. It was primarily built of brick in the Gothic style and the tower at the west end was added in 1631.[166][168]

The condition of the church deteriorated in the late 17th and 18th century, due in part to the sale of the lead from the roof of the aisle to fund the Parliamentarian cause in the Civil War.[169] The north side of the building collapsed in 1827[170][171] and a new church was built in 1828–9, incorporating the 17th-century tower.[168][172] Among the stained glass panels in the church is a window behind the altar, given by the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia.[172] In 2005, a window was dedicated to those who died in the 1972 Staines air disaster.[94]

St Peter's Church edit

 
St Peter's Church

St Peter's Church was founded as a chapel of ease to St Mary's in 1874. A brick building was constructed at the corner of Wyatt and Langley Roads and was used until 1885, when the congregation moved to an iron church on the corner of Edgell and Budebury Roads.[173][note 20]

The foundation stone for the current St Peter's Church was laid on 22 July 1893 and the building was consecrated on 28 July the following year.[173][174] It was designed by George Fellowes Prynne in the free Perpendicular style and the cost of construction was paid by the Solicitor General, Edward Clarke MP. The crenellated tower is topped with a set-back spire, and contains a ring of eight bells.[175][176][note 21]

Christ Church edit

 
Christ Church

The first Christ Church, in Kenilworth Gardens, was constructed in 1935 to serve the new area of housing along Kingston Road to the southeast of the town centre. The brick building was able to accommodate 280 worshippers, and a sliding partition at the west end of the chancel allowed the nave to be used as a church hall. The parish of Christ Church was created in 1951 and a decade later construction of a new church began on the same site as the old. The new Christ Church, consecrated in October 1962, has a centrally placed altar positioned beneath a square lantern. The lantern allows natural light into the interior of the building and is topped with a narrow spire. The font, which dates from 1750, was given to the congregation in 1935, and was previously installed in St Mary's Church.[119]

Staines Methodist Church edit

John Wesley made his first visit to Staines in 1771 and, by the early 19th century, there was a small congregation of Methodists in the town. The first chapel, opened c. 1845 on Kingston Road, was replaced by a larger building on the same street in 1865. The congregation moved to the current church, on Thames Street, in 1987.[177][178]

Our Lady of the Rosary edit

 
Our Lady of the Rosary, interior

The first Roman Catholic Mass to be celebrated at Staines since the Reformation, took place in 1862 at the workhouse, on the site of the present Ashford Hospital. A chapel was opened in 1890 on Gresham Road and was initially known as "Our Lady, Help of Christians". The current name, "Our Lady of the Rosary" was granted in 1893. The building was extended eastwards to form the present church in 1931, with the addition of a chancel and narrow south aisle. Renovation work in 1990, added additional side aisles and created a new church hall at the west end.[161]

Staines Congregational Church edit

There has been a substantial population of Dissenters living in Staines since the mid-17th century and, by 1690, there was a permanent meeting house in the town.[171] The numbers of Congregationalists declined in the mid-18th century, but a regular meeting was re-established in the High Street in 1785. A chapel was constructed in Thames Street in 1802[179] and was replaced by a classical-style church on the same site in 1837.[171] The present Congregational Church, on Kingston Road, opened in May 1956.[179]

Culture edit

Art edit

 
The Swanmaster (1983), by Diana Thomson
See also: List of public art in Surrey § Staines-upon-Thames

Several artists have been inspired to paint Staines Bridge, including William Bernard Cooke (1778–1855)[180] and Arthur Melville (1855–1904).[181] An engraving of the bridge by William Woolnoth (1780–1837), inspired by a painting by John Preston Neale (1780–1847), is held by the Victoria and Albert Museum.[182]

Among the works of public art on display are mosaics by Gary Drostle and sculptures by Terence Clarke that pay homage to the town's history as a former Roman settlement.[183] The Two Rivers shopping centre has two bronze sculptures by David Backhouse: The first, Time Continuum, celebrates the life of Staines through two millennia[184] and the second, Water Sprites, references the life of the waterways that converge nearby.[185] The Swanmaster, by Diana Thomson, commissioned by Spelthorne Borough Council in 1983, was moved to the Memorial Gardens in 2014.[186]

Film and television edit

Staines is the hometown of the fictional Ali G, created by the actor and comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. The character, who first appeared on The 11 O'Clock Show on Channel 4 in 1998,[187] has been described as a "disaffected wannabe homeboy of the suburbs" by the television producer, Harry Thompson. Baron Cohen has said that Ali G "believes that he is a black hip-hop artist from Staines. He believes his neighbourhood is a rough ghetto, when in fact it's this lovely, leafy, middle-class suburb outside Windsor, where swans swim under the beautiful bridge."[188] Following the successful spin-off television series Da Ali G Show, the character appeared in the 2002 feature film Ali G Indahouse. In the film, Ali G is a member of a fictional gang, the West Staines Massive, when his hometown is threatened by the expansion of Heathrow Airport. The film concludes with the saving of Staines and the decision to demolish Slough instead.[189][190]

Literature edit

William Shakespeare mentions Staines in Act II Scene 3 of Henry V, when the Hostess asks her husband, who is travelling to Southampton, if she can accompany him as far as the town.[191][192] Much of chapters 9–11 of Three Men in a Boat (1889) by Jerome K. Jerome is set in the Staines area, as the main characters travel upriver from Kingston-upon-Thames to Oxford.[193] In Chapter 15 of H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds (1897), an artillery unit engages a Martian close to Staines.[194] In John Wyndham's novel The Kraken Wakes (1953), the main characters are stopped in their attempt to reach Cornwall on a dinghy through a flooded England in the "Staines-Weybridge area".[195]

Music edit

The indie rock band Hard-Fi was formed in Staines in 2003. Many of the songs from their first album, Stars of CCTV, describe their small-town suburban origins.[196] In 2011, lead singer Richard Archer attracted criticism after describing Staines as a "ghost town".[197][198]

Sport edit

Leisure Centre edit

Spelthorne Leisure Centre, at Knowle Green, opened in 1990 on the site of the former indoor swimming pool which was constructed in 1967.[199][200] A new leisure centre, which will provide a 25 m pool, a fitness suite and three artificial football pitches on its roof, is expected to open in 2024.[201]

Association football edit

Staines Town F.C. (STFC) traces its origins to a football team from St Peter's Institute, which took part in the 1878–79 FA Cup.[202] STFC itself was founded in 1892 and initially played its home games at Hammond's Farm, now beneath the King George VI reservoir.[203] It later merged with the St Peter's team, but the combined club closed in 1935. STFC was reformed towards the end of the Second World War and played its home games at Wheatsheaf Park.[202] The ground was refurbished in 2004,[203] but in March 2022 the club announced that it was in dispute with its landlord and would be suspending football operations with immediate effect.[204][205]

Staines Lammas F.C. was founded in 1926 and initially played its home games at the Lammas Recreation Ground. The club moved to Laleham Recreation Ground in the 1980s and, in 2001, opened a new pavilion.[206]

Cricket edit

Cricket has been played on Staines Moor since at least 1759 and the nearby Laleham Burway was the site of the first recorded 11-a-side match in Surrey in 1778.[207] Laleham Cricket Club was founded over 200 years ago. It changed its name to the Staines and Laleham Cricket Club in the early 1970s, when it moved from Ashford Road to its current ground, "The Faulkners", on Worple Road.[207][208]

Hockey edit

Staines Hockey Club was formed in 1890 and is one of the oldest hockey clubs in the world. During its early years, the club had several international players among its members, who won gold medals at the 1908 Olympic Games. The club has been based at Worple Road since 1972 and the ground has four full-size hockey pitches. The first ladies' team was formed in 1979 and the first artificial turf pitch was laid in 2001.[209]

Rugby edit

Staines Rugby Football Club was founded in summer 1926 and played its first game against a team from Windsor at the Lammas Recreation Ground that October. In 1947, the club began to rent pitches at the Laleham Cricket Club ground in Ashford Road. It acquired the land for its current premises, a former gravel pit in Hanworth, in 1962. The ground, known as "The Reeves", opened in September 1964.[210]

Rowing edit

Staines Boat Club was formed in 1851[211] and, in 1909, was one of the founder members of the Remenham Club. The current boathouse, at Egham Hythe, is a temporary structure, built in 1950 after the previous building was destroyed by fire.[212]

Staines Stadium edit

Main article: Staines Greyhound Stadium

Staines Stadium, on Wraysbury Road, was opened in 1928[213] and was primarily used for greyhound racing.[158] In 1936, a dozen Cheetahs were imported from Kenya and, having served a six-month quarantine, were trained to follow the mechanical hare and to race with the dogs.[214] Stock car racing took place at the venue in the late 1950s. The stadium closed in 1960, when the A30 Staines bypass was constructed through part of the site, and was demolished in 1965.[158]

Notable buildings and landmarks edit

Blue Anchor edit

 
Blue Anchor, Market Square

There is thought to have been an inn on the site of the Blue Anchor since the 16th century.[215] The present building dates from the early- to mid-18th century and is constructed in brick. Much of the interior is thought to be original, including the wooden panelling, several fireplaces and at least one of the staircases.[216] Within a few decades of completion, five of the upstairs windows had been bricked up to reduce window tax liability.[215] During renovation work in 1957, one of the oak beams in the building was dated using dendrochronology and was found to be 650 years old.[217]

Coal Tax posts edit

There are three surviving coal-tax posts in the Staines area.[218] These posts marked the limits of the tax jurisdiction of the Corporation of the City of London and were erected under the provisions of the London Coal and Wine Duties Continuance Act 1861.[219] The two posts currently on Wraysbury Road were relocated to their present positions in the second half of the 20th century. The third, a 3 m high (9.8 ft) cast-iron obelisk, is in Thames Street close to the Thames Lodge Hotel.[218]

London Stone edit

 
London Stone
See also: London Stone (riparian)

The London Stone is a carved stone pillar, positioned beside the River Thames next to the Lammas Recreation Ground.[220] The first stone was erected by the Corporation of the City of London in 1280 or 1285, following its purchase of the river rights from Richard I. Originally positioned close to the Market Square, it marked the western boundary of the corporation's jurisdiction[221] and is thought to have indicated the tidal limit of the Thames in medieval times.[222] It was moved to its current position in the 17th or 18th century and was replaced by a replica in 1986. The original stone is now held by the Spelthorne Museum at Staines Library.[223]

Reservoirs edit

 
Looking northeast across the King George VI Reservoir (left) and Staines Reservoirs (right) towards Heathrow Airport.
Main articles: Staines Reservoirs and King George VI Reservoir

The twin Staines Reservoirs, to the northeast of the town, were completed in 1902 and have a combined capacity of 15 Mm3 (3.3×1021 imp gal).[224] They are filled from the Staines Reservoirs Aqueduct, which runs from the Thames at Bell Weir Lock, Hythe End.[225][226][note 22] The two reservoirs are separated by a 1,030 m long (1,130 yd) embankment and, under normal operating conditions, the water level of the northern reservoir is 3 m (9.8 ft) higher than that of the south.[227] During the Second World War, Staines Reservoirs were used by No. 617 Squadron RAF to practise aiming bouncing bombs in preparation for Operation Chastise.[15]

The King George VI Reservoir was completed in 1939, but was left unfilled for the duration of the Second World War. In 1942, it was used by the Royal Air Force for Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation experiments.[228] It was finally opened by King George VI in November 1947 and holds 20 Mm3 (4.4×1021 imp gal).[229]

Town Hall edit

Main article: Staines Town Hall

The Town Hall, in the Market Square, was designed by John Johnson in the Renaissance style and was completed in 1880.[230] It replaced a medieval market hall, which was closed in 1862.[231] The building is constructed in white brick with stone dressing with a fish-scale slate roof and the clock was manufactured by Gillett & Bland.[230]

The Town Hall was used as the council headquarters until 1976, when Spelthorne Borough council relocated to Knowle Green.[232][233] In the early 1990s, it was used as an arts centre and, in 2004, it became a wine bar.[234] In January 2018, the building was converted into thirteen residential apartments.[235][236]

War memorial edit

 
War Memorial, Market Square

Staines War Memorial was designed by E. J. Barrett and was installed in the Memorial Gardens in 1920. It takes the form of a statue of the winged figure of Victory and is constructed in Portland stone.[232][237] The names of 196 men who died in the First World War are inscribed on the plinth,[237] beneath which is an inclined stone tablet listing those who died in the Second World War.[238] The memorial was moved to the Market Square in 2002.[232]

Parks and open spaces edit

Church Lammas edit

 
Lake at Church Lammas

The 8.8 ha (22-acre)[239] Church Lammas is an area of common land to the northeast of the town centre, adjacent to the Lammas Recreation Ground. Between 1988 and 1996, it was the site of a quarry and, after gravel and sand extraction had ceased, the area was landscaped to create a recreational area with three lakes.[240] In 2005, the former quarry operator was awarded the Cooper-Heyman Cup in recognition of its work to ensure that the park is fully accessible to disabled visitors.[241]

Lammas Recreation Ground edit

The 15-acre (6.1 ha) Lammas lands were granted to the town by John Ashby in 1922. The area opened to the public as a recreation ground in September of the same year. Since it had previously been common land, residents received compensation for the removal of their grazing rights.[242][note 23]

Market Square and Memorial Gardens edit

 
View towards one of the "Swan Arches" from the Memorial Gardens, with the Town Hall on the far left

The Memorial Gardens, alongside the River Thames, were first opened in 1897 as the "Town Gardens". They acquired their current name after the First World War when the town war memorial was erected beside the river. In 2002, the Market Square was refurbished and new gateways, known as the "Swan Arches", were installed at the main access points to the Memorial Gardens.[232][244]

Staines Moor edit

Main article: Staines Moor

The 511 ha (1,260-acre)[245] Staines Moor, north of the town and east of the M25 motorway, is the largest area of common land in Staines. Until the Commons Registration Act 1965 came into force, any homeowner, whose chimney smoke could be seen from St Mary's Church, was entitled to graze their animals on the moor between April and December each year.[246][247]

Staines Moor is the largest area of alluvial meadow in Surrey[248] and was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1984.[245] Several rare plants are found on the moor such as brown sedge, small water pepper and upright chickweed. The area also provides a habitat for invertebrates including bees, butterflies and moths. Some 217 species of mollusc and 190 species of bird have also been recorded.[249]

Staines Park edit

Staines Park at Knowle Green, to the east of the town centre, is a 4.7 ha (12-acre) recreation ground with tennis courts, a bowling green and a children's playground. Since 2019, the park has been legally protected by the charity, Fields in Trust.[250][note 23]

Notable residents edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The photograph looks downstream along the River Thames in the direction of London. Staines Bridge is the bridge nearest the camera and the railway bridge on the Staines to Reading line is in the distance.
  2. ^ In Britannia, first published in 1586, the Elizabethan antiquarian, William Camden, uses the name Pontes for the Roman settlement at Staines.[5]
  3. ^ The name Stana is also used in 11th and 13th century copies of charters from the mid-9th century, although there is some doubt as to their authenticity.[6]
  4. ^ The proposal to change the name of the town originated with the Spelthorne Business Forum.[12] In a November 2011 public consultation, 428 responses were in favour and 234 opposed,[13] but there were objections from local organisations, including from Staines Town Football Club.[14][11][13]
  5. ^ In the 16th century, Knowle Green was part of a 200-acre (81 ha) estate, owned by the Knowles family.[18]
  6. ^ Sweeps Ditch is thought to have been dug in the post-medieval period, but it may follow a palaeochannel of the River Colne.[21]
  7. ^ Pits, thought to date from the Mesolithic, have been discovered close to the Church Lammas site.[26][27]
  8. ^ The exact position of the Roman bridge over the Thames at Staines is uncertain, but the later medieval bridge is generally assumed to have been built on the same site. The High Street is also thought to overlie the course of the Roman road as it approached the crossing.[38] Until the late 20th century, it was thought that Staines was chosen as the location of the crossing, because the gravel islands in the area constrained the main river channel so that it could be bridged. However, more recent excavations have revealed that the width of the Thames in Roman times was around 230 m (250 yd), which may have been too wide for a bridge of that period. An alternative proposal is that the Roman bridge may have been further upstream, closer to Egham.[40]
  9. ^ River defences along the Thames, tentatively dated to the mid-late Saxon period, suggest that the High Street Island was liable to flooding and this may have favoured the relocation of the settlement to the Binbury Island.[25]
  10. ^ a b The Domesday Book entry for East Burnham in Buckinghamshire, also held by Westminster Abbey, mentions a "monasterium of Stanes".[46]
  11. ^ The Staines Poor Law Union was responsible for administering poor relief in 12 parishes in west Middlesex.[59]
  12. ^ It has been suggested that the Egham Hythe causeway may have originally been built by the Romans and that the work in the mid-13th century was a repair or extension, rather than a new construction.[40]
  13. ^ The current Penton Hook Lock dates from 1909[73] and has a fall of 1.2 m (3.9 ft). The lock chamber is the third longest on the Thames.[75]
  14. ^ The A30 Runnymede Bridge was designed by Edwin Lutyens in 1939. The original design was modified to use a single 173.5 ft wide (52.9 m) arch across the main river channel, before construction began in the 1960s.[90]
  15. ^ The short stretch of the M25 between Staines and Chertsey was opened before neighbouring sections were completed, as it crossed the M3 and it was hoped that this stretch would help to ease the distribution of traffic from Hampshire onto the local Surrey and west London road network.[92]
  16. ^ The Staines air disaster was the worst aircraft crash in the UK until the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie on 21 December 1988.[97]
  17. ^ The Elmsleigh Centre was named after Elmsleigh House, the late-Victorian residence of the Ashby family, which was later used as offices by the Staines UDC.[110]
  18. ^ The water stored by the reservoirs to the north of Staines is used to supply London and not the Borough of Spelthorne.[130]
  19. ^ Penton Hook Marina was opened in 1960 on the site of a former gravel pit.[152] Today it covers an area of 80 acres (32 ha) and is the largest inland marina in England.[153]
  20. ^ The iron church was purchased from a congregation in North London and was dismantled and transported to Staines. The cost of the building was paid for by public conscription.[173]
  21. ^ The artificial mound on which St Peter's Church is built was formed by material excavated from land to the south, resulting in the small lake behind the Riverbank Apartments.[173]
  22. ^ Severe flooding in Staines in February 2014, was caused in part by the overflowing of the Staines Aqueduct, following a period of heavy rainfall. A short stretch of the channel walls partially collapsed as a result of the high flow rates and the aqueduct was closed throughout the summer of 2014 for repair work.[225]
  23. ^ a b In April 2022, Spelthorne Borough Council installed outdoor gym equipment at Lammas Park and Staines Park.[243]

References edit

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  2. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Staines Built-up area sub division (1119885023)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b (PDF). Royal Mail Address Management Unit. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  4. ^ Rivet, A.L.F (1970). "The British section of the Antonine Itinerary". Britannia. 1: 34–82. doi:10.2307/525833. JSTOR 525833. S2CID 162217811.
  5. ^ Camden 1695, pp. 279–280
  6. ^ a b c d Gover, Mawer & Stenton 1942, pp. 18–19
  7. ^ a b Mills 2003, p. 432
  8. ^ a b "Staines becomes Staines-upon-Thames to shake off Ali G link". BBC News. 20 May 2012. from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Staines rebrands to escape stain of Ali G". The Guardian. 20 May 2010. from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  10. ^ a b Goble 2016, p. 2
  11. ^ a b "Staines-upon-Thames renaming decision made". 16 December 2011. from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  12. ^ "Business leaders back Staines name change". Surrey Advertiser. Trinity Mirror. 6 June 2011. from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  13. ^ a b "Staines set to rebrand as Staines-upon-Thames". Surrey Advertiser. Trinity Mirror. 23 November 2011. from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  14. ^ "Staines-upon-Thames 'sounds like pollution'". Surrey Advertiser. Trinity Mirror. 30 November 2011. from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Maryfield 2006, pp. 111–112
  16. ^ Stanley, Megan (11 April 2021). "Work to improve major junction on M25 near Staines now complete, says Highways England". Surrey Live. from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  17. ^ Mendes, Lyndon (9 August 2019). "A308 Corridor Phase 1 Congestion and Active Travel Improvement Package" (PDF). Surrey County Council. (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  18. ^ a b c Maryfield 2006, p. 37
  19. ^ Maryfield 2006, p. 27
  20. ^ a b c d Crouch, Kevin K. (1976). "The archaeology of Staines and the excavation at Elmsleigh House" (PDF). Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society. 27: 71–134. doi:10.5284/1087710. (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  21. ^ Jones 2010, p. 4
  22. ^ "The Floods". Huddersfield Chronicle. No. 8520. 19 November 1894. p. 3.
  23. ^ Maryfield 2006, p. 81
  24. ^ De Keyzer, Amy (16 January 2014). "Floods: Staines". Surrey Live. from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  25. ^ a b c d Jones 2010, pp. 6–8
  26. ^ a b Cotton, Crocker & Graham 2004, pp. 22–24
  27. ^ a b Jackson, Gary; Maloney, Cath; Saich, Dinah (1997). "Archaeology in Surrey 1994-1995" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 84: 195–243. doi:10.5284/1069235. (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  28. ^ Howe, Tony; Jackson, Gary; Maloney, Cath (2002). "Archaeology in Surrey 2002" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 89: 257–281. doi:10.5284/1069310. (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  29. ^ Cotton & Field 2004, pp. 115–123
  30. ^ Robertson-Mackay, R. (1987). "The Neolithic causewayed enclosure at Staines, Surrey : Excavations 1961-1963". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 53: 23–128. doi:10.1017/S0079497X00006174. S2CID 191355843.
  31. ^ Field, D.J.; Woolley, A.R. (1984). "A jadeite axe from Staines Moor" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 74: 141–145. (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  32. ^ Cotton, Crocker & Graham 2004, pp. 28–29
  33. ^ Evans, Alec (22 March 2022). "Rare historic coins found in Staines during leisure centre excavation work". SurreyLive. from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  34. ^ Ellis, Chris (2016). "Archaeological investigation at Majestic House, High Street, Staines-upon-Thames 2013" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 99: 129–148. doi:10.5284/1069416. (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  35. ^ Cotton, Crocker & Graham 2004, p. 52
  36. ^ Cotton, Crocker & Graham 2004, p. 60
  37. ^ Brown, A.E. (1971). "An Iron Age enclosure on Staines Moor, Middlesex" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 23: 160–164. doi:10.5284/1087021. (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  38. ^ a b c d McKinley, Jacqueline (2004). ""Welcome to Pontibus … gateway to the West"" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 91: 1–69. doi:10.5284/1069343. (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  39. ^ a b Thacker 1920, p. 386
  40. ^ a b Jones 2010, pp. 13–14
  41. ^ Williams, David (2005). "Finds record for: SUR-EABF06". The Portable Antiquities Scheme. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  42. ^ Bird, Hassall & Sheldon 1996, pp. 177–187
  43. ^ a b c d e Poulton, Rob (June 2003) [2001]. "Extensive Urban Survey of Surrey: Staines" (PDF). Surrey County Archaeological Unit. (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  44. ^ Jones 2010, pp. 30–31
  45. ^ Ellis, Chris (2016). "Archaeological investigation at Majestic House, High Street, Staines-upon-Thames 2013" (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 99: 129–148. (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  46. ^ a b Jones, Philip (1982). "Saxon and early Medieval Staines" (PDF). Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society. 33: 186–213. doi:10.5284/1087601. (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  47. ^ Hayman, Graham; Reynolds, Andrew (2005). "A Saxon and Saxo-Norman Execution Cemetery at 42–54 London Road, Staines". Archaeological Journal. 162 (1): 215–255. doi:10.1080/00665983.2005.11020625. S2CID 162251127.
  48. ^ Maryfield 2006, pp. 7–10
  49. ^ Mortimer 2009, pp. 139–143
  50. ^ Stenton 1971, p. 497
  51. ^ a b c Maryfield 2006, pp. 11–12
  52. ^ Mills 1993, p. 432
  53. ^ a b c Powell-Smith A (2011). "Staines". Open Domesday. from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  54. ^ Mansfield 1991, p. 11
  55. ^ Reynolds 1962, pp. 18–20
  56. ^ Kümin 1996, pp. 250–255
  57. ^ Maryfield 2006, pp. 45–46
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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Staines-upon-Thames.

January 01, 1970
staines, upon, thames, market, town, northwest, surrey, england, around, miles, kilometres, west, central, london, borough, spelthorne, confluence, river, thames, colne, historically, part, middlesex, town, transferred, surrey, 1965, staines, close, heathrow, . Staines upon Thames is a market town in northwest Surrey England around 17 miles 28 kilometres west of central London It is in the Borough of Spelthorne at the confluence of the River Thames and Colne Historically part of Middlesex the town was transferred to Surrey in 1965 Staines is close to Heathrow Airport and is linked to the national motorway network by the M25 and M3 The town is part of the Greater London Built up Area Staines upon ThamesMarket townStaines upon Thames left and Egham Hythe right viewed from the north west note 1 Town Hall Market SquareStaines upon ThamesLocation within SurreyArea7 86 km2 3 03 sq mi Population18 484 2011 Census traditional boundaries 1 or 25 736 Built up Area which includes Laleham 2 Density2 352 km2 6 090 sq mi OS grid referenceTQ036716 London28 km 17 mi ENEDistrictSpelthorneShire countySurreyRegionSouth EastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townStaines Upon Thames 3 Postcode districtTW18 19Dialling code01784PoliceSurreyFireSurreyAmbulanceSouth East CoastUK ParliamentSpelthorneList of places UK England Surrey 51 26 02 N 0 30 40 W 51 434 N 0 511 W 51 434 0 511 The earliest evidence of human activity in the area is from the Paleolithic and during the Neolithic there was a causewayed enclosure on Staines Moor The first bridge across the Thames at Staines is thought to have been built by the Romans and there was a settlement in the area around the modern High Street by the end of the 1st century CE Throughout the Middle Ages Staines was primarily an agricultural settlement and was held by Westminster Abbey The first surviving record of a market is from 1218 but one may have taken place near St Mary s Church in the Anglo Saxon period The industrialisation of Staines began in the mid 17th century when Thomas Ashby established a brewery in the town Improvements to the local transport network in the mid 19th century also stimulated an expansion of the local population The current Staines Bridge designed by George Rennie was opened in 1832 by William IV and the first railway line through Staines opened in 1848 The town became a centre for linoleum manufacture in 1864 when Frederick Walton established a factory on the site of the 13th century Hale Mill At the end of the 20th century Staines became infamous as the home town of the fictional film and television character Ali G Although many local residents felt that the town s reputation was suffering through its association with the character Sacha Baron Cohen the creator of Ali G praised Staines for being a lovely leafy middle class suburb where swans swim under the beautiful bridge Partly in response to the reaction to the character Spelthorne Borough Council voted in 2011 to add the suffix upon Thames to the name Contents 1 Toponymy 2 Geography 2 1 Location 2 2 Topography and geology 3 History 3 1 Early history 3 2 Roman and Saxon 3 3 Governance 3 4 Staines Bridge 3 5 Transport and communications 3 6 Commerce and industry 3 7 Residential development 3 8 Staines in the Second World War 4 National and local government 4 1 UK parliament 4 2 County council 4 3 Borough council 5 Demography and housing 6 Public services 6 1 Utilities 6 2 Emergency services and justice 6 3 Healthcare 7 Transport 7 1 Bus 7 2 Train 7 3 River navigation 7 4 Long distance cycle route and footpath 8 Education 8 1 Early schools 8 2 Maintained schools 8 3 Independent school 9 Places of worship 9 1 St Mary s Church 9 2 St Peter s Church 9 3 Christ Church 9 4 Staines Methodist Church 9 5 Our Lady of the Rosary 9 6 Staines Congregational Church 10 Culture 10 1 Art 10 2 Film and television 10 3 Literature 10 4 Music 11 Sport 11 1 Leisure Centre 11 2 Association football 11 3 Cricket 11 4 Hockey 11 5 Rugby 11 6 Rowing 11 7 Staines Stadium 12 Notable buildings and landmarks 12 1 Blue Anchor 12 2 Coal Tax posts 12 3 London Stone 12 4 Reservoirs 12 5 Town Hall 12 6 War memorial 13 Parks and open spaces 13 1 Church Lammas 13 2 Lammas Recreation Ground 13 3 Market Square and Memorial Gardens 13 4 Staines Moor 13 5 Staines Park 14 Notable residents 15 Notes 16 References 17 Bibliography 18 External linksToponymy editThe earliest document to refer to Staines is the Antonine Itinerary thought to have been written in the early 3rd century AD in which the location appears as Pontibus meaning at the bridges 4 note 2 The first surviving records of Staines from the post Roman period are from 1066 when the settlement appears in two separate charters as Stana and Stane 6 note 3 In Domesday Book of 1086 the settlement is referred to as Stanes 7 It later appears as Stanis 1167 Stanys 1428 Steynys and Staynys 1535 before the modern spelling Staines is first used in 1578 6 The name derives from the Old English stan meaning stone 7 and may refer to a Roman milestone on the London to Silchester road that survived into the early Anglo Saxon period 6 In order to promote the town s riverside image and to distance it from its association with the fictional character Ali G 8 9 Spelthorne Borough Council voted in December 2011 to change its name from Staines to Staines upon Thames 10 11 The formal renaming ceremony conducted by the Lord Lieutenant of Surrey Dame Sarah Goad took place on 20 May 2012 8 10 note 4 The Royal Mail adopted the new name in mid 2013 3 Geography editLocation edit nbsp Show town centre St Mary s Church and Knowle Green nbsp Show town centre and Staines Bridge nbsp Show neighbouring towns Staines upon Thames is in northeast Surrey around 17 mi 28 km from central London 15 It is close to the borders of Berkshire and Greater London The town is linked to junction 13 of the M25 by the A30 16 and to the M3 by the A308 17 The area surrounding the borough council offices and the magistrates courts to the southeast of the town centre is known as Knowle Green 18 note 5 Egham Hythe also in Surrey is on the south side of the Thames and is linked to Staines by Staines Bridge 19 Staines town centre is close to the confluence of the rivers Colne and Thames 20 A former millstream known as Sweeps Ditch ran to the east of the High Street but much of its course was diverted underground in the 20th century note 6 Severe flooding events have taken place in Staines in 1894 22 1947 23 and 2014 24 Topography and geology edit Much of the town is built on gravel islands that rise above the low lying floodplains of the Thames and Colne 25 These gravel deposits have a typical maximum elevation of 14 m 46 ft above ordnance datum AOD 20 and are as little as 0 5 m 1 6 ft above the surrounding floodplain Staines High Street oriented northeast to southwest runs across one of these islands to the site of the medieval bridge and was the nucleus of the Roman town St Mary s Church on Binbury island to the northwest of the centre is thought to have been the focus of settlement activity in the late Saxon period 25 Elevations below 13 5 m 44 ft AOD were liable to flooding until the early 19th century and many areas of gravel are covered by muddy silts and sands There are brickearth deposits to the east of the town along the A30 and outcrops of alluvium to the north and south 20 History editMain article History of Staines upon Thames Early history edit The earliest evidence of human activity in Staines is from the Paleolithic Flint blades along with reindeer and horse bone fragments have been found during excavations at Church Lammas to the west of the town centre 26 27 note 7 During the Mesolithic the area around Staines is thought to have been covered with a dense pine and birch forest 28 A Neolithic causewayed enclosure about 0 8 km 0 50 mi west of St Mary s Church was identified by aerial photography in 1959 The site on a gravel island in the Colne river delta 16 m 52 ft AOD consisted of two concentric subcircular ditches with a probable main entrance at the southeastern side 29 Pottery sherds and worked flints were found on the site as well as fragments of human bone 30 Other Neolithic artefacts from the local area include fragments of a jadeite axe discovered on Staines Moor in the early 1980s tentatively dated to c 3500 c 1700 BCE 31 Deverel Rimbury pottery from the Church Lammas lands indicates that the Staines area was settled in the Bronze Age and a roundhouse from the same period has been identified at Laleham 32 Two round barrow ring ditches one of which had a cremation burial at the centre were found at Knowle Green in 2021 33 A further ring ditch around 21 m 69 ft in diameter was found during excavations of the Majestic House site close to the eastern end of the High Street 34 A Bronze Age field system at Hengrove Farm was also cultivated during the Iron Age 35 but fell out of use around the start of the Roman period 36 There is also evidence of an early Iron Age enclosure on Staines Moor and finds from the site include pottery sherds flints and animal bones with evidence of burning having taken place there 37 Since Staines is located on the low lying floodplain of the Thames it is likely that historical flooding events have destroyed much of the archaeological evidence of pre Roman human activity in the town centre 20 Roman and Saxon edit The Roman road from London to Silchester crossed the Thames in the Staines area Both the Thames and Colne are thought to have had multiple channels during this period which may have necessitated the building of more than one bridge 38 39 note 8 There was a settlement in the area surrounding the modern High Street and although the date of its foundation is uncertain the earliest archaeological evidence is from 54 96 AD corresponding to the reign of Nero and the period of the Flavian Dynasty 38 nbsp A copper alloy sestertius dating to the reign of Antoninus Pius 138 161 found in Staines in 2004 41 By the mid 2nd century Staines had increased in size and prosperity and the early Romano British roundhouses had been replaced by stone buildings with flint and rag stone foundations Fragments of painted plastered wall and floors of opus signinum have been uncovered and the presence of tesserae indicates that at least one building had a mosaic floor 38 A collyrium stamp found during an excavation of 73 75 High Street suggests that there was a healer living in the town who could have administered to the wider local population 42 Staines declined towards the end of the 2nd century possibly as a result of an increased incidence of winter flooding 43 Nevertheless Romano British settlement activity continued until the early 4th century although the town appears to have been smaller and less important than it had been in the first half of the Roman period 44 45 Following the end of Roman rule in Britain the main settlement at Staines appears to have shifted from the High Street area to the Binbury area surrounding St Mary s Church 43 note 9 Archaeological evidence including pits ditches and pottery sherds suggests that there was a permanent settlement in this area by the mid Saxon period and there may have been a marketplace at the northern end of Church Street 25 Staines may have been a fortified burh and the location of a minster church 43 note 10 A late Saxon execution cemetery on London Road containing the incomplete remains of up to thirty skeletons suggests that the town was also an important local centre for the administration of justice 43 47 For much of the early Saxon period the Thames through Staines marked the border between Middlesex to the north and Surrey to the south In the 9th century the river was used by Danish Viking raiders to travel into the heart of England In 993 the Norwegian King Olaf Tryggvason sailed up the Thames to Staines with a fleet of 93 ships 48 In 1009 a large army of Vikings attacked Oxford and retreated back along the banks of the Thames crossing the river at Staines 46 Governance edit Between 1042 and 1052 Edward the Confessor rebuilt Westminster Abbey as a royal burial church 49 and endowed it with around 60 estates in the south east of England Staines was one of the properties granted to the Abbey and remained in its possession until the Reformation 50 51 In 1086 the manor appears in the Middlesex section of Domesday Book as Stanes 52 In 1086 the manor had land for 24 ploughs six mills and woodland for 30 pigs It provided an annual income of 35 for the Abbey 53 Since it was relatively close to Westminster Staines acted as a home farm providing for the abbot s personal household 51 13th century abbey records indicate that a market was taking place by 1218 54 and in 1225 there were 46 burgesses living in the settlement suggesting that Staines had become an important local centre 51 Westminster Abbey was dissolved in 1540 and Staines then became a possession of the Crown allowing Henry VIII to extend his Windsor hunting grounds further to the east In 1613 James I granted the manor to Thomas Knyvet who had arrested Guy Fawkes at the Palace of Westminster eight years earlier Following Knyvet s death Staines passed to Sir Francis Leigh and following the Restoration of the Monarchy it was held briefly by Sir William Drake 55 The manor was then purchased by Richard Taylor whose descendants lived at Knowle Green until the 19th century 18 Reforms during the Tudor period reduced the importance of manorial courts and the day to day administration of towns such as Staines became the responsibility of the vestry of the parish church 56 57 The vestry appointed a constable distributed funds to the poor and took charge of the repair of local roads From the 17th century the roles of Justices of the Peace were expanded to take greater responsibility for law and order in Staines 58 The modern system of local government began to emerge during the 19th century The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 transferred responsibility for poor relief to the Poor Law Commission whose local powers were delegated to the newly formed poor law union in 1836 59 note 11 In 1885 a local school board was established and three years later the Local Government Act 1888 created the Middlesex County Council 59 An Urban District Council UDC and a Rural District Council RDC for the area were established in 1895 under the Local Government Act 1894 but the RDC was merged into the UDC in 1930 60 nbsp Spelthorne Borough Council offices Knowle Green were opened in 1972 61 Further reorganisation of the local authorities took place in the second half of the 20th century Under the London Government Act 1963 Middlesex County Council was disbanded and the Staines UDC area was moved into Surrey 62 The Local Government Act 1972 which came into force on 1 April 1974 merged the Staines and Sunbury on Thames UDCs to form the Borough of Spelthorne 61 Staines Bridge edit Main article Staines Bridge The first surviving mention of a bridge from the medieval period is a document from 1222 39 that authorises repairs using wood cut from Windsor Forest In around 1250 a causeway was constructed at Egham Hythe to improve the southern approach to the crossing 63 note 12 Also during the 13th century there were renewals of the grant of pontage and in 1376 tolls were levied on boat traffic to provide additional funds for maintenance 63 Local people left bequests for not only the repair of the bridge but also the upkeep of the roads leading to it on each side of the river 64 The bridge was destroyed in the Civil War and was not rebuilt until the 1680s 65 In 1734 an Act of Parliament noted that the structure was in a ruinous and dangerous condition and that the money raised from tolls and local taxes was insufficient to fund adequate maintenance 66 In the late 18th and early 19th centuries there were four attempts to construct a new bridge The first designed by Thomas Sandby was opened in 1796 but was closed two years later after cracks started to form in the stonework A cast iron replacement designed by James Wilson in consultation with George Rennie was opened in 1803 but cracked within two months A third bridge was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1804 It was designed by Rennie and was constructed of timber strengthened with cast iron plates Although it did not suffer from the problems of the previous two bridges it was costly to maintain 11 000 in 1827 and restricted the width of boats passing beneath it 67 68 nbsp Staines Bridge opened 1832 A further Act of Parliament in 1828 authorised the borrowing of up to 60 000 for the construction of a fourth bridge The granite structure was designed by George Rennie and was based on Waterloo Bridge 67 69 Rennie insisted that the site of the crossing be moved upstream where deeper foundations could be constructed The repositioning required new approach roads to be constructed and the necessary land was subject to compulsory purchase 67 68 The foundation stones were laid on each side of the river in September 1829 70 and William IV opened the bridge in April 1832 69 71 Tolls for crossing the bridge were abolished in 1871 68 Transport and communications edit nbsp Penton Hook Lock River Thames The earliest locks on the upper Thames were built in the 17th century following the establishment of the Oxford Burcot Commission 72 However efforts to improve the stretch of the river through Staines did not start until the 19th century The pound lock at Penton Hook a tight meander downstream of Staines 73 was constructed in 1815 74 but the weirs were not added until 1846 73 note 13 Bell Weir Lock upstream of the town opened in 1818 but was rebuilt in 1867 8 after the chamber walls had collapsed the previous year 76 The construction of the locks regulated the flow of the river and increased its depth to facilitate navigation whilst maintaining an adequate head of water to power mills 77 With the exception of the construction of the causeway at Egham Hythe in the mid 13th century there were few improvements in the local road network in the millennium following the end of the Roman period In 1727 the turnpike road from Hounslow to Bagshot which crossed the river via Staines Bridge was opened A second turnpike from Staines to Kingston opened in 1773 78 The re siting of the bridge by George Rennie in the early 1830s necessitated changes in the road network at the western end of the High Street The Market Square became a no through road and Clarence Street was constructed to direct traffic to the new crossing 70 The railway line through Staines between Richmond and Datchet was opened by the Windsor Staines and South Western Railway on 22 August 1848 In 1856 Staines became a junction when the line across the Thames to Ascot was opened 79 80 A curve linking the Ascot and Datchet lines was opened in April 1877 and remained in use until March 1965 81 A second station in the town Staines High Street station to the northwest of the junction of this curve and the Datchet line was open between 1884 and 1916 82 The railway line through Staines to Windsor was electrified in June 1930 83 and to Virginia Water in 1937 84 Staines signal box closed in September 1974 85 nbsp The former Staines West railway station 86 A third station in the town was opened on 2 November 1885 Staines West was the terminus of a single track branch from the Great Western Main Line constructed by the Staines and West Drayton Railway Company Originally the intention had been to create a junction with the line from Datchet and for trains to serve the main Staines station but inter company rivalry meant that a separate facility was built instead 87 The freight yard closed in the 1950s and passenger services ceased in March 1965 88 Trains continued to run to the Staines fuel yard at Staines West until the early 1990s 89 During the second half of the 20th century there were large scale improvements to the road network around Staines The A30 bypass was constructed in the early 1960s and included the building of Runnymede Bridge over the Thames 90 note 14 A second bridge alongside the first was required for the construction of the M25 The route of the motorway north of Staines was constrained by the Wraysbury Reservoir to the west and Staines Moor to the west 91 The Chertsey to Staines stretch of the M25 was opened in November 1981 with three lanes in each direction but with a wide central reservation allowing the road to be widened easily later Four lanes in each direction were provided from outset between the A30 and the M4 91 note 15 nbsp Memorial to those who died in the Staines air disaster The Staines air disaster occurred on 18 June 1972 when a Hawker Siddeley Trident operated by British European Airways crashed shortly after takeoff from Heathrow Airport All 118 people aboard the aircraft including the six crew members were killed 93 Two memorials to all the victims were dedicated on 18 June 2004 in Staines The first is a stained glass window in St Mary s Church where an annual memorial service is held on 18 June 94 95 The second is a garden near the end of Waters Drive in the Moormede Estate close to the accident site 96 note 16 Commerce and industry edit The first record of a market at Staines is from 1218 when the Sherriff of Middlesex was ordered to change the day on which it was held from Sunday to Friday It had been discontinued by 1862 but re established ten years later when the Town Hall was built 98 In 2022 the market is held in the High Street on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays 99 An annual fair to be held in the settlement was granted to Westminster Abbey by Henry III in 1228 Initially it took place over four days at Ascensiontide but the dates were changed to 7 10 September in 1241 98 By 1792 there were two one day fairs each year the first on 11 May for horses and cattle and the second on 19 September known as the Onion Fair for produce and trinkets 100 The fairs were abolished in 1896 by the Home Secretary at the request of the Staines UDC 101 nbsp The Metropolitan Drinking Fountain right erected in 1885 was relocated to the High Street in 2002 as a non functional monument Domesday Book records six mills in Staines in 1086 53 one of which is thought to have been at Yeoveney on Staines Moor The site close to the Wraysbury River an anabranch of the River Colne is thought to have been the location of a late medieval dye works and part of the mill was used for fulling in the 14th century 102 First recorded in 1682 Pound Mill was also on the Wraysbury River It was bought by John Finch in 1747 and was a flour mill until the early 19th century when it was used to grind mustard The mill is immortalised in the road name Mustard Mill Road 103 104 Hale Mill on the main channel of the Colne is thought to have its origins in the 13th century but it was rebuilt in 1388 and became a fulling mill in the 15th century Many of the mills in the local area were purchased in the second half of the 18th century by Thomas Ashby a miller originally from Maidenhead 105 Ashby founded a brewery subsequently taken over by his sons which became a major employer in the town 106 Brewing ceased in Staines in the 1950s but bottling continued at the plant until the 1970s 103 nbsp Release every pattern by David Annand celebrates linoleum manufacture in Staines Staines became a centre for linoleum manufacture in 1864 when Frederick Walton the inventor opened the first factory to produce the floor covering on the Hale Mill site to the north of the town centre At its height in the 1920s the Staines plant covered 20 ha 49 acres and was one of twenty producers in Great Britain 89 107 Following the end of the Second World War there was a decline in lino sales as vinyl floor coverings became more popular The Staines lino factory closed in 1973 89 The Elmsleigh Shopping Centre was opened by Elizabeth II on 22 February 1980 108 providing 250 000 sq ft 23 000 m2 of retail space 109 note 17 Much of the High Street was pedestrianised in 2002 111 and the Two Rivers Shopping Centre on the site of the old linoleum works was opened in 2002 112 113 In the 21st century proximity to London Heathrow Airport and the M25 motorway has attracted large company branch offices including Bupa healthcare 114 and Wood plc oil amp gas 115 Siemens Building Automation Division and British Gas part of Centrica have their national headquarters here 116 Samsung R amp D Institute UK SRUK Samsung s UK R amp D division is based in the town 117 Residential development edit The modern settlement of Staines appears to have originated in the late 12th century when the area around the High Street was developed as a planned town possibly in response to rebuilding the bridge over the Thames The medieval street plan was not altered until the re siting of the bridge in the 1830s at which point the urban area began to spread beyond the confines of the gravel islands 43 The population of Staines grew from 1 750 in 1801 to 2 487 in 1841 and 4 638 in 1881 118 The increase in the second half of the 19th century was stimulated in part by the arrival of the railway in 1848 Cottages for artisans and semi skilled workers began to spread along the London and Kingston Roads from the mid 19th century onwards 106 The residential roads to the south and southeast of the town centre were created in the early 1930s 119 Following the Second World War there were new housing developments on Commercial Road and between Kingston Road and Elizabeth Avenue primarily to provide accommodation for workers at the rapidly expanding Heathrow Airport 120 Staines in the Second World War edit Despite its proximity to London and the fact that Staines Bridge and the local factories presented obvious enemy targets the town sustained relatively little bomb damage during the Second World War 15 There was a severe bombing raid on Staines on the night of 24 25 August 1940 and a V 1 flying bomb landed at the junction of Stanish Crescent and Kingston Road on 19 June 1944 killing four people and injuring a further 17 15 121 Within the Staines Urban District a total 71 civilians died as result of enemy action 122 The Lagonda works at Egham Hythe were converted to the manufacture of munitions and the linoleum factory was dedicated to making military supplies 15 Much of the civil defence effort was focused on the defence of Staines Bridge and tank traps were installed at each end 15 At the start of the war a Bailey bridge was constructed across the Thames in case the main bridge was damaged by bombing 123 The Bailey bridge remained in use for pedestrians until 1959 when it was dismantled 68 National and local government editUK parliament edit The town is in the parliamentary constituency of Spelthorne As of July 2022 it is represented at Westminster by Conservative Kwasi Kwarteng who was first elected in May 2010 124 125 County council edit Councillors are elected to Surrey County Council every four years The majority of the town is in the Staines electoral division but areas to the southeast of the centre are in the Staines South and Ashford West electoral division 126 127 Borough council edit Staines is divided between three wards each of which elects three councillors to Spelthorne Borough Council The wards are Staines Staines South and Riverside and Laleham 127 128 The Borough of Spelthorne has been twinned with Melun France since 1990 and with Grand Port Mauritius since 2009 129 Demography and housing edit2011 Census Key Statistics Output area Population Households Owned outright Owned with a loan hectares 1 Staines ward 7 861 3 528 24 0 33 8 550 Staines South ward 7 123 2 899 29 9 37 7 131 Spelthorne 009B riverside north 1 818 862 37 6 37 5 35 Spelthorne 009C riverside south 1 662 723 51 5 39 1 70 Regional average 35 1 32 5 2011 Census Homes Output area Detached Semi detached Terraced Flats and apartments Caravans temporary mobile homes shared between households 1 Staines ward 387 844 843 1 439 2 13 Staines South ward 197 1 505 702 492 1 2 Spelthorne 009B riverside north 174 225 93 365 0 5 Spelthorne 009C riverside south 369 96 109 148 1 0 Across the South East Region 28 of homes were detached houses and 22 6 were apartments 1 Public services editUtilities edit The first drinking water supply to Staines was provided by the West Surrey Water Company whose works at Egham were built in 1889 Between 1960 and 1973 the company merged with its neighbours serving Woking and south west London to form the North Surrey Water Company 130 note 18 Today Affinity Water is responsible for supplying the town with drinking water 131 Until the start of the 20th century wastewater from Staines was discharged directly into the River Thames Construction of the sewerage system began in 1899 The works closed in 1936 when the town sewers were connected to Mogden Sewage Works in Isleworth 132 133 The Staines and Egham Gas Light and Coke Company was formed in 1834 It began to supply gas from its works in Bedfont Lane in Egham Hythe to the streetlamps on Staines Bridge in February of that year and the gas main to Staines was laid in 1835 130 At the start of the First World War the Staines and Egham company was acquired by the Brentford Gas Company which in 1949 following further mergers and acquisitions became the North Thames Gas Company A 177 ft high 54 m gasometer was constructed in Staines in 1927 and was demolished in 1986 134 The first electricity generating station serving Staines opened in Egham High Street in 1905 It operated until 1912 when it was replaced by at new facility on The Causeway in Egham Hythe The new works opened with an installed capacity of 188 kW and by the time of its closure in 1924 it was capable of generating 688 kW 135 Emergency services and justice edit The earliest record of a permanent fire fighting force in Staines is from 1738 when a hand operated fire pump was purchased for the brigade 136 Reforms in 1774 transferred responsibility for fire services to the local authority 137 and in 1800 a new manual fire engine was purchased by the Staines force The Staines UDC purchased the first diesel engine for the brigade in 1926 which was replaced by a Leyland terrier pump escape engine in 1935 136 Middlesex County Council took over responsibility for local fire services on 1 April 1948 building a new fire station at Stanwell and closing the Staines station in 1962 Surrey County Council became the fire authority for the local area in 1965 62 nbsp Staines Police Station opened 1998 The first surviving record of a town gaol in Staines is from 1274 and the erection of a new pillory and ducking stool is described in 1335 There were stocks in the Market Square through the 16th century until at least 1790 138 The vestry appointed the town Constable from the early 15th century 139 until 1840 when responsibility for law enforcement was passed to the Metropolitan Police In 1865 the police station moved to Kingston Road later the site of the candle factory 138 The force relocated to a second station on Kingston Road in 1876 140 and moved again to new premises on the same street in 1998 141 142 In 2022 the local police force is Surrey Police 143 The magistrates courts at Knowle Green opposite the Spelthorne Borough Council offices were opened in 1976 61 Healthcare edit Staines Cottage Hospital was opened on 19 May 1914 on the corner of Kingston Road and Worple Road It was renamed Staines Hospital in 1933 but its importance decreased following the opening of Ashford Hospital in 1939 During the 1960s the men s wards were shut and it became a hospital for female patients only It closed in the early 1980s and the buildings were demolished in 1986 The Kingscroft respite service for adults with learning difficulties opened on the site in 1987 144 145 The nearest hospital with an A amp E is St Peter s Hospital 3 9 mi 6 3 km from Staines upon Thames 146 As of 2022 the town has GP practices at Burgess Way Knowle Green and on Rochester Road 147 Transport editBus edit Staines is linked by a number of bus routes to surrounding towns and villages in north Surrey south west London including Heathrow Airport and east Berkshire Operators serving the town include London United First Berkshire amp The Thames Valley and White Bus Services 148 The bus station is to the south of the Elmsleigh Centre 149 Train edit nbsp Staines railway station main building seen from the north Staines railway station is to the east of the town centre It is managed by South Western Railway which operates all services Trains run to London Waterloo via Clapham Junction to Reading via Ascot and to Windsor and Eton Riverside via Datchet 150 River navigation edit The non tidal section of the River Thames is navigable between Lechlade in Gloucestershire and Teddington Lock The navigation authority is the Environment Agency 151 note 19 Long distance cycle route and footpath edit National Cycle Route 4 which links London to Fishguard passes through Staines 154 The Thames Path crosses Staines Bridge 155 Education editEarly schools edit nbsp The old school house on Thames Street The surviving first record of a schoolmaster in Staines is from 1353 and there are mentions of later postholders in documents dating from 1580 to 1673 However by the 18th century it appears that there was no dedicated teacher living in the town and in 1795 the parish clerk was in receipt of a modest salary to teach four children 156 The British Boys School in Staines was founded in 1808 and the girls school was in existence by 1832 By 1852 the boys school was in Hale Street and was educating around 35 pupils An infants school was founded in 1833 which moved with the girls school to Thames Street in 1867 156 The two schools moved again to larger premises in the same road but the 1867 schoolhouse still survives behind the shop fronts 157 National Schools for boys and girls were established in 1818 and in the mid 1820s respectively but both closed for around a decade before reopening in the mid 1840s The girls school moved to new premises in Bridge Street in 1850 and the boys school relocated to London Road in 1863 156 Maintained schools edit Riverbridge Primary School was formed from the merger of three predecessor schools in September 2011 158 The oldest was Shortwood Infant School which opened in 1905 as the Stanwell Road School Knowle Park School opened in 1974 but had its origins in the Wyatt Road School which was formed in 1896 Kingscroft Junior School opened in 1992 and replaced Kingston Road School which had opened in 1903 157 158 59 Riverbridge Primary School operated across three sites until September 2014 when the former Shortwood Infant School premises were closed 159 The school became part of the Lumen Learning Trust in Autumn 2016 160 Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Primary School was founded in 1893 161 The construction of the Matthew Arnold School started in 1939 but work was suspended at the outbreak of the Second World War However parts of the building were sufficiently close to completion to allow pupils aged 11 to 14 from Kingston Road School to transfer to the site after their classrooms were damaged by bombing The school formally opened in 1954 158 Independent school edit Staines Preparatory School was founded by Cyril Travers Burges and opened on 8 May 1935 162 The original premises were at 1 Gresham Road but the school moved to number 3 in 1938 and expanded to number 5 in 1951 163 The Burges Wing was constructed in 1991 the Jubilee Wing was built in 2002 and was extended in 2008 164 Today Staines Prep School educates boys and girls between the ages of 3 and 11 165 Places of worship editSt Mary s Church edit nbsp St Mary s Church Main article St Mary s Staines St Mary s Church is first recorded in 1179 but it is thought to have been in existence for at least 100 years before that 166 There is no mention of a church in Domesday Book 53 note 10 but there may have been a place of worship on the site since the 9th century 167 By the end of the medieval period St Mary s had a chancel nave and an aisle on the north side It was primarily built of brick in the Gothic style and the tower at the west end was added in 1631 166 168 The condition of the church deteriorated in the late 17th and 18th century due in part to the sale of the lead from the roof of the aisle to fund the Parliamentarian cause in the Civil War 169 The north side of the building collapsed in 1827 170 171 and a new church was built in 1828 9 incorporating the 17th century tower 168 172 Among the stained glass panels in the church is a window behind the altar given by the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia 172 In 2005 a window was dedicated to those who died in the 1972 Staines air disaster 94 St Peter s Church edit nbsp St Peter s Church St Peter s Church was founded as a chapel of ease to St Mary s in 1874 A brick building was constructed at the corner of Wyatt and Langley Roads and was used until 1885 when the congregation moved to an iron church on the corner of Edgell and Budebury Roads 173 note 20 The foundation stone for the current St Peter s Church was laid on 22 July 1893 and the building was consecrated on 28 July the following year 173 174 It was designed by George Fellowes Prynne in the free Perpendicular style and the cost of construction was paid by the Solicitor General Edward Clarke MP The crenellated tower is topped with a set back spire and contains a ring of eight bells 175 176 note 21 Christ Church edit nbsp Christ Church The first Christ Church in Kenilworth Gardens was constructed in 1935 to serve the new area of housing along Kingston Road to the southeast of the town centre The brick building was able to accommodate 280 worshippers and a sliding partition at the west end of the chancel allowed the nave to be used as a church hall The parish of Christ Church was created in 1951 and a decade later construction of a new church began on the same site as the old The new Christ Church consecrated in October 1962 has a centrally placed altar positioned beneath a square lantern The lantern allows natural light into the interior of the building and is topped with a narrow spire The font which dates from 1750 was given to the congregation in 1935 and was previously installed in St Mary s Church 119 Staines Methodist Church edit John Wesley made his first visit to Staines in 1771 and by the early 19th century there was a small congregation of Methodists in the town The first chapel opened c 1845 on Kingston Road was replaced by a larger building on the same street in 1865 The congregation moved to the current church on Thames Street in 1987 177 178 Our Lady of the Rosary edit nbsp Our Lady of the Rosary interior The first Roman Catholic Mass to be celebrated at Staines since the Reformation took place in 1862 at the workhouse on the site of the present Ashford Hospital A chapel was opened in 1890 on Gresham Road and was initially known as Our Lady Help of Christians The current name Our Lady of the Rosary was granted in 1893 The building was extended eastwards to form the present church in 1931 with the addition of a chancel and narrow south aisle Renovation work in 1990 added additional side aisles and created a new church hall at the west end 161 Staines Congregational Church edit There has been a substantial population of Dissenters living in Staines since the mid 17th century and by 1690 there was a permanent meeting house in the town 171 The numbers of Congregationalists declined in the mid 18th century but a regular meeting was re established in the High Street in 1785 A chapel was constructed in Thames Street in 1802 179 and was replaced by a classical style church on the same site in 1837 171 The present Congregational Church on Kingston Road opened in May 1956 179 Culture editArt edit nbsp The Swanmaster 1983 by Diana Thomson See also List of public art in Surrey Staines upon Thames Several artists have been inspired to paint Staines Bridge including William Bernard Cooke 1778 1855 180 and Arthur Melville 1855 1904 181 An engraving of the bridge by William Woolnoth 1780 1837 inspired by a painting by John Preston Neale 1780 1847 is held by the Victoria and Albert Museum 182 Among the works of public art on display are mosaics by Gary Drostle and sculptures by Terence Clarke that pay homage to the town s history as a former Roman settlement 183 The Two Rivers shopping centre has two bronze sculptures by David Backhouse The first Time Continuum celebrates the life of Staines through two millennia 184 and the second Water Sprites references the life of the waterways that converge nearby 185 The Swanmaster by Diana Thomson commissioned by Spelthorne Borough Council in 1983 was moved to the Memorial Gardens in 2014 186 Film and television edit Staines is the hometown of the fictional Ali G created by the actor and comedian Sacha Baron Cohen The character who first appeared on The 11 O Clock Show on Channel 4 in 1998 187 has been described as a disaffected wannabe homeboy of the suburbs by the television producer Harry Thompson Baron Cohen has said that Ali G believes that he is a black hip hop artist from Staines He believes his neighbourhood is a rough ghetto when in fact it s this lovely leafy middle class suburb outside Windsor where swans swim under the beautiful bridge 188 Following the successful spin off television series Da Ali G Show the character appeared in the 2002 feature film Ali G Indahouse In the film Ali G is a member of a fictional gang the West Staines Massive when his hometown is threatened by the expansion of Heathrow Airport The film concludes with the saving of Staines and the decision to demolish Slough instead 189 190 Literature edit William Shakespeare mentions Staines in Act II Scene 3 of Henry V when the Hostess asks her husband who is travelling to Southampton if she can accompany him as far as the town 191 192 Much of chapters 9 11 of Three Men in a Boat 1889 by Jerome K Jerome is set in the Staines area as the main characters travel upriver from Kingston upon Thames to Oxford 193 In Chapter 15 of H G Wells novel The War of the Worlds 1897 an artillery unit engages a Martian close to Staines 194 In John Wyndham s novel The Kraken Wakes 1953 the main characters are stopped in their attempt to reach Cornwall on a dinghy through a flooded England in the Staines Weybridge area 195 Music edit The indie rock band Hard Fi was formed in Staines in 2003 Many of the songs from their first album Stars of CCTV describe their small town suburban origins 196 In 2011 lead singer Richard Archer attracted criticism after describing Staines as a ghost town 197 198 Sport editLeisure Centre edit Spelthorne Leisure Centre at Knowle Green opened in 1990 on the site of the former indoor swimming pool which was constructed in 1967 199 200 A new leisure centre which will provide a 25 m pool a fitness suite and three artificial football pitches on its roof is expected to open in 2024 201 Association football edit Staines Town F C STFC traces its origins to a football team from St Peter s Institute which took part in the 1878 79 FA Cup 202 STFC itself was founded in 1892 and initially played its home games at Hammond s Farm now beneath the King George VI reservoir 203 It later merged with the St Peter s team but the combined club closed in 1935 STFC was reformed towards the end of the Second World War and played its home games at Wheatsheaf Park 202 The ground was refurbished in 2004 203 but in March 2022 the club announced that it was in dispute with its landlord and would be suspending football operations with immediate effect 204 205 Staines Lammas F C was founded in 1926 and initially played its home games at the Lammas Recreation Ground The club moved to Laleham Recreation Ground in the 1980s and in 2001 opened a new pavilion 206 Cricket edit Cricket has been played on Staines Moor since at least 1759 and the nearby Laleham Burway was the site of the first recorded 11 a side match in Surrey in 1778 207 Laleham Cricket Club was founded over 200 years ago It changed its name to the Staines and Laleham Cricket Club in the early 1970s when it moved from Ashford Road to its current ground The Faulkners on Worple Road 207 208 Hockey edit Staines Hockey Club was formed in 1890 and is one of the oldest hockey clubs in the world During its early years the club had several international players among its members who won gold medals at the 1908 Olympic Games The club has been based at Worple Road since 1972 and the ground has four full size hockey pitches The first ladies team was formed in 1979 and the first artificial turf pitch was laid in 2001 209 Rugby edit Staines Rugby Football Club was founded in summer 1926 and played its first game against a team from Windsor at the Lammas Recreation Ground that October In 1947 the club began to rent pitches at the Laleham Cricket Club ground in Ashford Road It acquired the land for its current premises a former gravel pit in Hanworth in 1962 The ground known as The Reeves opened in September 1964 210 Rowing edit Staines Boat Club was formed in 1851 211 and in 1909 was one of the founder members of the Remenham Club The current boathouse at Egham Hythe is a temporary structure built in 1950 after the previous building was destroyed by fire 212 Staines Stadium edit Main article Staines Greyhound Stadium Staines Stadium on Wraysbury Road was opened in 1928 213 and was primarily used for greyhound racing 158 In 1936 a dozen Cheetahs were imported from Kenya and having served a six month quarantine were trained to follow the mechanical hare and to race with the dogs 214 Stock car racing took place at the venue in the late 1950s The stadium closed in 1960 when the A30 Staines bypass was constructed through part of the site and was demolished in 1965 158 Notable buildings and landmarks editBlue Anchor edit nbsp Blue Anchor Market Square There is thought to have been an inn on the site of the Blue Anchor since the 16th century 215 The present building dates from the early to mid 18th century and is constructed in brick Much of the interior is thought to be original including the wooden panelling several fireplaces and at least one of the staircases 216 Within a few decades of completion five of the upstairs windows had been bricked up to reduce window tax liability 215 During renovation work in 1957 one of the oak beams in the building was dated using dendrochronology and was found to be 650 years old 217 Coal Tax posts edit There are three surviving coal tax posts in the Staines area 218 These posts marked the limits of the tax jurisdiction of the Corporation of the City of London and were erected under the provisions of the London Coal and Wine Duties Continuance Act 1861 219 The two posts currently on Wraysbury Road were relocated to their present positions in the second half of the 20th century The third a 3 m high 9 8 ft cast iron obelisk is in Thames Street close to the Thames Lodge Hotel 218 London Stone edit nbsp London Stone See also London Stone riparian The London Stone is a carved stone pillar positioned beside the River Thames next to the Lammas Recreation Ground 220 The first stone was erected by the Corporation of the City of London in 1280 or 1285 following its purchase of the river rights from Richard I Originally positioned close to the Market Square it marked the western boundary of the corporation s jurisdiction 221 and is thought to have indicated the tidal limit of the Thames in medieval times 222 It was moved to its current position in the 17th or 18th century and was replaced by a replica in 1986 The original stone is now held by the Spelthorne Museum at Staines Library 223 Reservoirs edit nbsp Looking northeast across the King George VI Reservoir left and Staines Reservoirs right towards Heathrow Airport Main articles Staines Reservoirs and King George VI Reservoir The twin Staines Reservoirs to the northeast of the town were completed in 1902 and have a combined capacity of 15 Mm3 3 3 1021 imp gal 224 They are filled from the Staines Reservoirs Aqueduct which runs from the Thames at Bell Weir Lock Hythe End 225 226 note 22 The two reservoirs are separated by a 1 030 m long 1 130 yd embankment and under normal operating conditions the water level of the northern reservoir is 3 m 9 8 ft higher than that of the south 227 During the Second World War Staines Reservoirs were used by No 617 Squadron RAF to practise aiming bouncing bombs in preparation for Operation Chastise 15 The King George VI Reservoir was completed in 1939 but was left unfilled for the duration of the Second World War In 1942 it was used by the Royal Air Force for Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation experiments 228 It was finally opened by King George VI in November 1947 and holds 20 Mm3 4 4 1021 imp gal 229 Town Hall edit Main article Staines Town Hall The Town Hall in the Market Square was designed by John Johnson in the Renaissance style and was completed in 1880 230 It replaced a medieval market hall which was closed in 1862 231 The building is constructed in white brick with stone dressing with a fish scale slate roof and the clock was manufactured by Gillett amp Bland 230 The Town Hall was used as the council headquarters until 1976 when Spelthorne Borough council relocated to Knowle Green 232 233 In the early 1990s it was used as an arts centre and in 2004 it became a wine bar 234 In January 2018 the building was converted into thirteen residential apartments 235 236 War memorial edit nbsp War Memorial Market Square Staines War Memorial was designed by E J Barrett and was installed in the Memorial Gardens in 1920 It takes the form of a statue of the winged figure of Victory and is constructed in Portland stone 232 237 The names of 196 men who died in the First World War are inscribed on the plinth 237 beneath which is an inclined stone tablet listing those who died in the Second World War 238 The memorial was moved to the Market Square in 2002 232 Parks and open spaces editChurch Lammas edit nbsp Lake at Church Lammas The 8 8 ha 22 acre 239 Church Lammas is an area of common land to the northeast of the town centre adjacent to the Lammas Recreation Ground Between 1988 and 1996 it was the site of a quarry and after gravel and sand extraction had ceased the area was landscaped to create a recreational area with three lakes 240 In 2005 the former quarry operator was awarded the Cooper Heyman Cup in recognition of its work to ensure that the park is fully accessible to disabled visitors 241 Lammas Recreation Ground edit The 15 acre 6 1 ha Lammas lands were granted to the town by John Ashby in 1922 The area opened to the public as a recreation ground in September of the same year Since it had previously been common land residents received compensation for the removal of their grazing rights 242 note 23 Market Square and Memorial Gardens edit nbsp View towards one of the Swan Arches from the Memorial Gardens with the Town Hall on the far left The Memorial Gardens alongside the River Thames were first opened in 1897 as the Town Gardens They acquired their current name after the First World War when the town war memorial was erected beside the river In 2002 the Market Square was refurbished and new gateways known as the Swan Arches were installed at the main access points to the Memorial Gardens 232 244 Staines Moor edit Main article Staines Moor The 511 ha 1 260 acre 245 Staines Moor north of the town and east of the M25 motorway is the largest area of common land in Staines Until the Commons Registration Act 1965 came into force any homeowner whose chimney smoke could be seen from St Mary s Church was entitled to graze their animals on the moor between April and December each year 246 247 Staines Moor is the largest area of alluvial meadow in Surrey 248 and was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1984 245 Several rare plants are found on the moor such as brown sedge small water pepper and upright chickweed The area also provides a habitat for invertebrates including bees butterflies and moths Some 217 species of mollusc and 190 species of bird have also been recorded 249 Staines Park edit Staines Park at Knowle Green to the east of the town centre is a 4 7 ha 12 acre recreation ground with tennis courts a bowling green and a children s playground Since 2019 the park has been legally protected by the charity Fields in Trust 250 note 23 Notable residents editAll Alone important war pigeon 251 Charles Wellington Furse 1868 1904 portrait and figure painter born in Staines 252 Geoffrey Molyneux Palmer 1882 1957 composer born in Staines 253 Norman Hunter 1899 1995 children s author lived on a houseboat in Staines following his retirement 254 Danny Blanchflower 1926 1993 captain of Tottenham Hotspur F C died in Staines 255 B H Barry b 1940 fight director born in Staines 256 Steve Holley b 1954 musician lived in Staines 257 Bobby Davro b 1958 comedian lived in Staines 258 Nina Wadia b 1968 actress lived in Staines 259 Jon Tickle b 1974 television personality lived and worked in Staines 260 Dan Jones b 1981 historian author TV presenter and journalist lives in Staines 261 Notes edit The photograph looks downstream along the River Thames in the direction of London Staines Bridge is the bridge nearest the camera and the railway bridge on the Staines to Reading line is in the distance In Britannia first published in 1586 the Elizabethan antiquarian William Camden uses the name Pontes for the Roman settlement at Staines 5 The name Stana is also used in 11th and 13th century copies of charters from the mid 9th century although there is some doubt as to their authenticity 6 The proposal to change the name of the town originated with the Spelthorne Business Forum 12 In a November 2011 public consultation 428 responses were in favour and 234 opposed 13 but there were objections from local organisations including from Staines Town Football Club 14 11 13 In the 16th century Knowle Green was part of a 200 acre 81 ha estate owned by the Knowles family 18 Sweeps Ditch is thought to have been dug in the post medieval period but it may follow a palaeochannel of the River Colne 21 Pits thought to date from the Mesolithic have been discovered close to the Church Lammas site 26 27 The exact position of the Roman bridge over the Thames at Staines is uncertain but the later medieval bridge is generally assumed to have been built on the same site The High Street is also thought to overlie the course of the Roman road as it approached the crossing 38 Until the late 20th century it was thought that Staines was chosen as the location of the crossing because the gravel islands in the area constrained the main river channel so that it could be bridged However more recent excavations have revealed that the width of the Thames in Roman times was around 230 m 250 yd which may have been too wide for a bridge of that period An alternative proposal is that the Roman bridge may have been further upstream closer to Egham 40 River defences along the Thames tentatively dated to the mid late Saxon period suggest that the High Street Island was liable to flooding and this may have favoured the relocation of the settlement to the Binbury Island 25 a b The Domesday Book entry for East Burnham in Buckinghamshire also held by Westminster Abbey mentions a monasterium of Stanes 46 The Staines Poor Law Union was responsible for administering poor relief in 12 parishes in west Middlesex 59 It has been suggested that the Egham Hythe causeway may have originally been built by the Romans and that the work in the mid 13th century was a repair or extension rather than a new construction 40 The current Penton Hook Lock dates from 1909 73 and has a fall of 1 2 m 3 9 ft The lock chamber is the third longest on the Thames 75 The A30 Runnymede Bridge was designed by Edwin Lutyens in 1939 The original design was modified to use a single 173 5 ft wide 52 9 m arch across the main river channel before construction began in the 1960s 90 The short stretch of the M25 between Staines and Chertsey was opened before neighbouring sections were completed as it crossed the M3 and it was hoped that this stretch would help to ease the distribution of traffic from Hampshire onto the local Surrey and west London road network 92 The Staines air disaster was the worst aircraft crash in the UK until the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie on 21 December 1988 97 The Elmsleigh Centre was named after Elmsleigh House the late Victorian residence of the Ashby family which was later used as offices by the Staines UDC 110 The water stored by the reservoirs to the north of Staines is used to supply London and not the Borough of Spelthorne 130 Penton Hook Marina was opened in 1960 on the site of a former gravel pit 152 Today it covers an area of 80 acres 32 ha and is the largest inland marina in England 153 The iron church was purchased from a congregation in North London and was dismantled and transported to Staines The cost of the building was paid for by public conscription 173 The artificial mound on which St Peter s Church is built was formed by material excavated from land to the south resulting in the small lake behind the Riverbank Apartments 173 Severe flooding in Staines in February 2014 was caused in part by the overflowing of the Staines Aqueduct following a period of heavy rainfall A short stretch of the channel walls partially collapsed as a result of the high flow rates and the aqueduct was closed throughout the summer of 2014 for repair work 225 a b In April 2022 Spelthorne Borough Council installed outdoor gym equipment at Lammas Park and Staines Park 243 References edit a b c d Key Statistics Quick Statistics Population Density Archived 11 February 2003 at the Wayback Machine United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013 UK Census 2011 Local Area Report Staines Built up area sub division 1119885023 Nomis Office for National Statistics Retrieved 15 August 2020 a b New sectors and localities to 20 July 2012 PDF Royal Mail Address Management Unit 20 July 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 11 December 2013 Retrieved 28 October 2012 Rivet A L F 1970 The British section of the Antonine Itinerary Britannia 1 34 82 doi 10 2307 525833 JSTOR 525833 S2CID 162217811 Camden 1695 pp 279 280 a b c d Gover Mawer amp Stenton 1942 pp 18 19 a b Mills 2003 p 432 a b Staines becomes Staines upon Thames to shake off Ali G link BBC News 20 May 2012 Archived from the original on 21 May 2012 Retrieved 20 May 2012 Staines rebrands to escape stain of Ali G The Guardian 20 May 2010 Archived from the original on 21 July 2021 Retrieved 21 July 2021 a b Goble 2016 p 2 a b Staines upon Thames renaming decision made 16 December 2011 Archived from the original on 10 January 2012 Retrieved 16 December 2011 Business leaders back Staines name change Surrey Advertiser Trinity Mirror 6 June 2011 Archived from the original on 12 June 2011 Retrieved 20 May 2012 a b Staines set to rebrand as Staines upon Thames Surrey Advertiser Trinity Mirror 23 November 2011 Archived from the original on 26 January 2012 Retrieved 20 May 2012 Staines upon Thames sounds like pollution Surrey Advertiser Trinity Mirror 30 November 2011 Archived from the original on 2 January 2012 Retrieved 20 May 2012 a b c d e f Maryfield 2006 pp 111 112 Stanley Megan 11 April 2021 Work to improve major junction on M25 near Staines now complete says Highways England Surrey Live Archived from the original on 28 May 2022 Retrieved 19 May 2022 Mendes Lyndon 9 August 2019 A308 Corridor Phase 1 Congestion and Active Travel Improvement Package PDF Surrey County Council Archived PDF from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 19 May 2022 a b c Maryfield 2006 p 37 Maryfield 2006 p 27 a b c d Crouch Kevin K 1976 The archaeology of Staines and the excavation at Elmsleigh House PDF Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society 27 71 134 doi 10 5284 1087710 Archived PDF from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 4 May 2022 Jones 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Archaeological Collections 74 141 145 Archived PDF from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 4 May 2022 Cotton Crocker amp Graham 2004 pp 28 29 Evans Alec 22 March 2022 Rare historic coins found in Staines during leisure centre excavation work SurreyLive Archived from the original on 12 May 2022 Retrieved 12 May 2022 Ellis Chris 2016 Archaeological investigation at Majestic House High Street Staines upon Thames 2013 PDF Surrey Archaeological Collections 99 129 148 doi 10 5284 1069416 Archived PDF from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 29 May 2022 Cotton Crocker amp Graham 2004 p 52 Cotton Crocker amp Graham 2004 p 60 Brown A E 1971 An Iron Age enclosure on Staines Moor Middlesex PDF Surrey Archaeological Collections 23 160 164 doi 10 5284 1087021 Archived PDF from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 4 May 2022 a b c d McKinley Jacqueline 2004 Welcome to Pontibus gateway to the West PDF Surrey Archaeological Collections 91 1 69 doi 10 5284 1069343 Archived PDF from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 29 May 2022 a b Thacker 1920 p 386 a b Jones 2010 pp 13 14 Williams David 2005 Finds record for SUR EABF06 The Portable Antiquities Scheme Retrieved 20 August 2023 Bird Hassall amp Sheldon 1996 pp 177 187 a b c d e Poulton Rob June 2003 2001 Extensive Urban Survey of Surrey Staines PDF Surrey County Archaeological Unit Archived PDF from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2022 Jones 2010 pp 30 31 Ellis Chris 2016 Archaeological investigation at Majestic House High Street Staines upon Thames 2013 PDF Surrey Archaeological Collections 99 129 148 Archived PDF from the original on 22 January 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b Jones Philip 1982 Saxon and early Medieval Staines PDF Transactions of the London amp Middlesex Archaeological Society 33 186 213 doi 10 5284 1087601 Archived PDF from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2022 Hayman Graham Reynolds Andrew 2005 A Saxon and Saxo Norman Execution Cemetery at 42 54 London Road Staines 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382 Oliver Stuart 2010 Navigability and the improvement of the river Thames 1605 1815 The Geographical Journal 176 2 164 177 Bibcode 2010GeogJ 176 164O doi 10 1111 j 1475 4959 2010 00354 x JSTOR 40835641 Jones 2010 p 46 Mitchell amp Smith 1989 Fig 53 Mills 1993 p 17 Mitchell amp Smith 1989 58 Mitchell amp Smith 1989 Fig 55 Marshall 1963 p 413 Mitchell amp Smith 1989 Introduction Mitchell amp Smith 1989 Fig 54 Historic England Former Staines West Station Wraysbury Grade II 1205094 National Heritage List for England Dix amp Nunn 1987 p 60 Mills 1993 p 19 a b c Mills 1993 pp 30 31 a b Goble 2016 p 6 a b Baldwin Baldwin amp Evans 2007 p 224 Baldwin Baldwin amp Evans 2007 p 221 Carswell Simon 24 June 2007 Call for memorial to businessmen killed in air crash The Sunday Business Post Archived from the original on 1 October 2011 Retrieved 8 December 2010 a b Trident Memorial Window The Parish of Staines upon Thames Archived from the original on 3 June 2016 Retrieved 4 June 2016 Memorial garden to commemorate Heathrow disaster This Is Local London 21 June 2004 Archived from the original on 16 October 2019 Retrieved 16 October 2019 Memorial for plane crash victims BBC News 18 June 2004 Archived from the original on 9 March 2016 Retrieved 4 June 2016 Staines air crash remembered 40 years on BBC News 14 June 2012 Archived from the original on 25 May 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2022 a b Reynolds 1962 pp 20 21 Your local market Staines Market 22 May 2018 Archived from the original on 5 July 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2022 Anonymous 2004 p 18 Labour and wages Reynolds Newspaper No 2387 London 10 May 1896 Jones Phil O Connell Martin Poulton Rob 1990 Excavations at Yeoveney Near Staines 1982 PDF Surrey Archaeological Collections 80 105 119 Archived PDF from the original on 22 January 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b Mills 1993 pp 26 27 Maryfield 2006 p 123 Maryfield 2006 pp 80 81 a b Maryfield 2006 pp 98 99 Crocker 1999 p 69 Court Circular The Times No 60558 London 23 February 2022 p 14 Booker 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the original on 14 May 2021 Retrieved 24 August 2021 Cruising Guide to the River Thames and Connecting Waterways PDF Environment Agency 2013 Archived PDF from the original on 24 July 2019 Retrieved 31 August 2021 Mansfield 1992 p 29 Penton Hook Marina Information MDL Marinas Archived from the original on 17 April 2022 Retrieved 27 May 2022 Cycle Network Surrey County Council 28 April 2021 Archived from the original on 26 June 2021 Retrieved 24 August 2021 Thames Path Route description National Trails 2021 Archived from the original on 12 May 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 a b c Mansfield 1991 pp 58 59 a b Reynolds 1962 pp 32 33 a b c d e Dix amp Nunn 1987 p 81 Wilson Nick 13 March 2014 To determine a proposal to publish notices to close the Stanwell New Road base of Riverbridge Primary School in Staines PDF Surrey County Council Archived PDF from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 18 May 2022 Welcome to Riverbridge Primary and Nursery School 2022 Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 Retrieved 18 May 2022 a b Mansfield 1992 p 18 Adamson 2011 pp 15 21 Adamson 2011 pp 19 26 34 Adamson 2011 pp 78 87 Staines Preparatory School Staines Preparatory School Archived from the original on 15 March 2022 Retrieved 13 May 2022 a b Dix amp Nunn 1987 p 74 Jackson 2002 p 29 a b Reynolds 1962 pp 27 30 Maryfield 2006 p 32 Accident at Staines Church Morning Post No 17548 13 March 1827 a b c Maryfield 2006 p 97 a b Goble 2016 pp 20 21 a b c d A history of St Peter s Church St Mary and St Peter Staines Archived from the original on 10 May 2021 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Sir E Clarke s Munificence Nottinghamshire Guardian No 2568 4 August 1894 p 2 Historic England Church of St Peter Grade II 1204911 National Heritage List for England Clarke 1918 pp 202 203 About us Staines Methodist Church Archived from the original on 5 September 2018 Retrieved 18 May 2022 Mansfield 1992 p 15 a b Chronology Staines Congregational Church 21 July 2013 Archived from the original on 13 June 2021 Retrieved 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b Celebrating 126 Years 1892 2018 Staines Town Football Club 16 August 2018 Archived from the original on 16 April 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a b Anonymous 2004 p 8 Staines Town FC Non league club suspends operations over legal row BBC News 29 March 2022 Archived from the original on 30 March 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 Nakrani Sachin 30 March 2022 Staines Town accuse investment fund of breaching the modern slavery act The Guardian Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 Staines Lammas Hopes and Dreams at Laleham InvestMyCommunity 2020 Archived from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 a b Dix amp Nunn 1987 p 25 Staines and Laleham Cricket Club About the club Pitchero 2022 Archived from the original on 28 January 2021 Retrieved 18 May 2022 History Staines Hockey Club Archived from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 Club History Staines Rugby Archived from the original on 31 August 2018 Retrieved 15 May 2022 Staines Boat Club Staines Boat Club Archived from the original on 19 May 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 History Staines Boat Club Archived from the original on 19 May 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2022 Remember When January Greyhound Star 27 January 2018 Archived from the original on 7 November 2018 Retrieved 20 May 2022 Gandar Dower Kenneth 11 December 1937 Racing Cheetahs The Times No 47865 London p 15 a b Jackson 2002 p 13 Historic England The Blue Anchor Public House Grade II 1204918 National Heritage List for England Mills 1993 p 11 a b Goble 2016 p 13 Crossland E A 1991 City posts PDF Proceedings of the Leatherhead amp District Local History Society 5 4 121 124 Retrieved 24 May 2021 Historic England The London Stone Grade II 1187015 National Heritage List for England Maryfield 2006 p 56 Thacker 1920 p 394 Mills 1993 p 37 London Metropolitan Archives 1897 1902 Staines reservoir joint committee water supply and distribution aim25 com Archived from the original on 18 June 2020 Retrieved 16 June 2020 a b S19 Flood Investigation Report River Ash and Knowle Green Area PDF Surrey County Council 20 April 2015 Archived PDF from the original on 21 April 2022 Retrieved 7 June 2022 The Staines Reservoirs The Times No 36484 London 18 June 1901 p 5 Long term stress measurements in the clay cores of storage reservoir embankments PDF British Dams org Archived PDF from the original on 18 September 2020 Retrieved 17 June 2020 Williams 1997 p 8 350 acre reservoir opening at Staines by the King today The Times No 50912 London 7 November 1947 p 3 a b Historic England Town Hall Grade II 1187053 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 29 December 2020 Reynolds 1962 pp 21 22 a b c d Jackson 2002 p 21 Historic Staines Town Hall could be turned into apartments under council plans Get Surrey 19 August 2016 Archived from the original on 2 March 2021 Retrieved 29 December 2020 Staines Town Hall Staines Rotary Club Archived from the original on 30 November 2020 Retrieved 29 December 2020 Staines Town Hall flats plan developer vows to return fabric of building to its former glory despite access and parking concerns Get Surrey 31 January 2018 Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 Retrieved 29 December 2020 Staines Town Hall Morgan Ellis Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 Retrieved 29 December 2020 a b Memorial Staines Imperial War Museum 2019 Archived from the original on 11 May 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Historic England Staines War Memorial Grade II 1440376 National Heritage List for England A critical re evaluation of the usage by disabled groups of the Church Lammas Demonstration Project PDF David Jarvis Associates Ltd January 2008 Archived PDF from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 19 May 2022 Goble 2016 p 57 A new lease of life for disused quarries Construction News 16 June 2005 Archived from the original on 21 May 2022 Retrieved 19 May 2022 Goble 2016 p 30 New outdoor gyms Spelthorne Borough Council 9 June 2022 6 April 2022 Retrieved 12 June 2022 Goble 2016 pp 34 35 a b Arnott Stephen 27 July 2018 Staines Moor SSSI Natural England Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Maryfield 2006 pp 120 121 Goble 2016 pp 36 37 Seagroatt Sue 2 March 2020 Introducing Staines Moor Colne Valley Park Archived from the original on 13 June 2021 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Dingain Lee 11 February 2022 Sites of Special Scientific Interest Spelthorne Borough Council Archived from the original on 11 June 2021 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Staines Park Fields in Trust 2021 Archived from the original on 15 May 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Long 2013 p 128 McConkey Kenneth Furse Charles Wellington Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 33299 Subscription or UK public library membership required White amp Boydell 2013 pp 818 819 Norman Hunter The Times No 65201 London 27 February 1995 p 21 Danny Blanchflower 1926 1993 Footballer and journalist The Dictionary of Ulster Biography Archived from the original on 24 November 2012 Retrieved 15 December 2012 Grode Eric 24 February 2011 Treasure Island directed by the Fight Master B H Barry New York Times Archived from the original on 14 March 2014 Retrieved 10 September 2014 Williams Glenn 2015 Interview for Glenn Williams Archived from the original on 19 May 2020 Retrieved 14 May 2022 Davro tells snobs to leave Staines alone Surrey Live 2 July 2013 8 November 2010 Archived from the original on 12 December 2020 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Licht Marina 22 September 2021 Inside Strictly star Nina Wadia s incredible home with gorgeous kitchen OK Archived from the original on 24 January 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Delaney Sam 28 August 2004 King of convenience The Guardian Archived from the original on 11 May 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Dan Jones talks about some of the history of Staines upon Thames on YouTubeBibliography editAdamson John 2011 Staines Preparatory School Staines upon Thames Staines Preparatory School ISBN 978 0 95 701000 0 Anonymous 2004 Staines An illustrated miscellany Salisbury Francis Frith ISBN 978 1 84 567001 6 Baldwin Peter Baldwin Robert Evans Dewi Ieuan 2007 The motorway achievement Building the network in southern and eastern England Chichester Phillimore ISBN 978 1 86 077446 1 Bird J Hassall M Sheldon H eds 1996 Interpreting Roman London Papers in Memory of Hugh Chapman Oxford Oxbow Books ISBN 978 1 90 018802 9 Booker M J Panter B F 1981 Staines A Shopping Study 1979 1980 Kingston upon Thames Surrey County Council Camden William 1695 Gibson Edmund ed Britannia London F Collins Clarke Edward 1918 The story of my life London J Murray Cotton Jonathan Crocker Glenys Graham Audrey eds 2004 Aspects of archaeology and history in Surrey Guildford Surrey Archaeological Society ISBN 978 0 95 414603 0 Cotton Jonathan Field David eds 2004 Towards a new Stone Age Aspects of the Neolithic in south east England PDF York Council for British Archaeology ISBN 978 1 90 277139 7 Crocker Glenys 1999 Surrey s Industrial Past Guildford Surrey Industrial History Group ISBN 978 0 95 239188 3 Dix Barry Nunn Jim eds 1987 The Spelthorne Book Staines The Spelthorne Adult Education Institute ISBN 0 95 126960 7 Goble R A 2016 Staines upon Thames Gover J E B Mawer A Stenton F M 1942 The place names of Middlesex Cambridge Cambridge University Press Greatorex Irene 2000 Houses of God a survey and history of places of worship in Spelthorne Staines upon Thames Spelthorne Museum ISBN 978 0 95 302651 7 Jackson Hazelle 2002 Staines with Egham and Laleham A photographic history of your town Black Horse Books Jerome Jerome K 1889 Three Men in a Boat London Simpkin Marshall and Co Archived from the original on 17 May 2022 Retrieved 17 May 2022 Jones Phil 2010 The Roman and Medieval town of Staines Woking Spoilheap Publications ISBN 978 0 95 588461 0 Kumin Beat A 1996 The shaping of a community the rise and reformation of the English parish c 1400 1560 Aldershot Scholar ISBN 978 1 85 928164 2 Long David 2013 Animal heroes London Arrow Books ISBN 978 0 09 957434 7 Mansfield J A 1991 Staines in the records From Medieval to Modern Times Part I Staines J A Mansfield Mansfield J A 1992 Staines in the records From Medieval to Modern Times Part II Staines J A Mansfield Marshall C F D 1963 History of the Southern Railway 2nd ed London Ian Allan Maryfield Pamela 2006 Staines A history Chichester Phillimore ISBN 978 1 86 077420 1 Mortimer Richard ed 2009 Edward the Confessor The man and the legend Rochester NY The Boydell Press ISBN 978 1 84 383436 6 Mills A D 2003 Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 852758 9 Mills John 1993 A guide to the industrial history of Spelthorne Guildford Surrey Industrial History Group ISBN 978 0 95 096976 3 Mitchell Vic Smith Keith 1989 Branch lines around Ascot from Ash Vale Weybridge Staines and Wokingham Midhurst Middleton ISBN 978 0 90 652064 2 Ramsden P J 1988 The Fire Service History of Staines and Ashford Middlesex Doncaster Aspen Books ISBN 978 0 95 108331 4 Reynolds Susan ed 1962 A History of the County of Middlesex Volume 3 Shepperton Staines Stanwell Sunbury Teddington Heston and Isleworth Twickenham Cowley Cranford West Drayton Greenford Hanwell Harefield and Harlington London Victoria County History Archived from the original on 8 January 2022 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Stenton F M 1971 Anglo Saxon England 3rd ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 821716 9 Thacker Fred S 1914 The Thames Highway Vol I General History London Dyer s Buildings Thacker Fred S 1920 The Thames Highway Vol II Locks and Weirs London Dyer s Buildings Tracy Kathleen 2008 Sacha Baron Cohen The unauthorised biography London JR Books ISBN 978 1 90 621746 4 Wells H G 1898 War of the Worlds New York and London Harper amp Brothers Archived from the original on 18 July 2021 Retrieved 19 August 2018 White H Boydell B eds 2013 The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland Dublin University College Dublin Press ISBN 978 1 90 635978 2 Williams Geoffrey 1997 Flying Through Fire FIDO the fogbuster of World War Two Stroud Sutton ISBN 978 0 75 090881 8 Wyndham John 1953 The Kraken Wakes London Penguin ISBN 978 0 14 103299 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Staines upon Thames Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Staines Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 760 Staines upon Thames at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Staines upon Thames amp oldid 1219065412, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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