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Adonis vernalis

Adonis vernalis, known variously as pheasant's eye, spring pheasant's eye, yellow pheasant's eye and false hellebore, is a perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is found in dry meadows and steppes in Eurasia. More specifically, this plant grows in a wide range of locations which include open forests, forest clearings, dry meadows, mesic steppe, and mostly calcareous soil.[1] Isolated populations are found from Spain in the west across Central Europe with fine examples in Valais, Switzerland, and southern Europe, reaching southern Sweden in the north and Abruzzo in the south,[2] with its main area of distribution being the Pannonian Basin and the West Siberian Plain.[3] In contrast to most other European Adonis species, the flowers appear in springtime, and are up to 80 mm (3.1 in) in diameter, with up to 20 bright yellow petals. Not only do the flowers begin to grow, but so do the plants aerial organs, from around April to May.[4]

Adonis vernalis
CITES Appendix II (CITES)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Adonis
Species:
A. vernalis
Binomial name
Adonis vernalis

The plant is poisonous, containing cardiostimulant compounds, such as adonidin and aconitic acid.[5] Infusions of the plant are used in the medicine Bekhterev's mixture.[6]

It is often used as an ornamental plant.[7]

Diagram of Adonis vernalis

Traditional uses edit

Due to the cardiac-enhancing effects of Adonis species (including Adonis vernalis), this plant has a history of use in European and Chinese folk medicine[8] to treat various health problems. It has been used in the Soviet Union to treat edema or swelling and as an alternative cardiac agent.[8] In 1879, a Russian medical doctor, N. O. Buhnow, first introduced into medicine alcoholic extracts of the plant as a cardiac stimulant.[9] In 1898, a mixture of the plant extracts with sodium bromide or codeine was suggested (by Vladimir Bekherev) to treat heart diseases, panic disorder, dystonia and mild forms of epilepsy.[9] Aqueous infusions of the aerial parts of the plant have been traditionally used in Siberia against edema, cardiac edema and several other issues that are heart related, kidney diseases, and even malaria.[9] The biological activity of this extract was defined as 50–66 frog units (amount or liquid of substance that causes the arrest of the heart of a frog) and 6.3–8.0 cat units (amount or liquid of substance that causes the arrest of the heart of a cat) and large enough doses can be toxic.[9]

Phytochemicals edit

There are many phytochemicals that come from the plant Adonis vernalis including cardiac glycosides such as cymarin and digitoxigenin and flavones including orientin, luteolin, and vitexin.[8]

 
Floral diagram of Adonis vernalis.

Medicinal uses edit

Adonis vernalis contains cardiac glycosides that improve the cardiac efficiency by increasing its output and reducing heart rate.[10] These glycosides also have a sedative effect and are often prescribed to patients whose hearts are beating irregularly or at an increased rate.[10] Tinctures of Adonis vernalis are also used by homeopathic physicians in patients that are suffering from congestive cardiac failure and its action is very similar to digitalis (another drug that stimulates the heart muscle).[11] Aqueous extracts of Adonis vernalis were found to have cardiac stimulant effects on isolated heart preparations and it also showed that production of excessive and high potassium concentrations protects against heart failure.[11] The plant also contains some flavones with pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuro and cardioprotective, and anti-allergic properties.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hirsch, Heidi; Wagner, Viktoria; Danihelka, Jiří; Ruprecht, Eszter; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro; Seifert, Marco; Hensen, Isabell (30 June 2015). "High genetic diversity declines towards the geographic range periphery of Adonis vernalis, a Eurasian dry grassland plant". Plant Biology. 17 (6): 1233–1241. doi:10.1111/plb.12362. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Scoperta una nuova specie vegetale rara nel Parco Sirente Velino". NewsTown. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
  3. ^ "Den virtuella floran: Adonis vernalis". Retrieved 17 April 2006.
  4. ^ Gostin, Irina (April 2011). "Anatomical and micromorphological peculiarities of Adonis vernalis L. (Ranunculaceae)". Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43 (2): 811–820. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  5. ^ "King's American Dispensatory: Adonis". Retrieved 17 April 2006.
  6. ^ "Микстура Бехтерева". LEKARSTVENNIK.RU. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  7. ^ Bailey, L. H. (2005). Manual of Gardening (Second Edition). Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
  8. ^ a b c d Shang, Xiaofei; Maio, Xiaolou; Yang, Feng; Wang, Chunmei; Li, Bing; Wang, Weiwei; Pan, Hu; Guo, Xiao; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Jiyu (4 February 2019). "The Genus Adonis as an Important Cardiac Folk Medicine: A Review of the Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 10: 25. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00025. PMID 30778296
  9. ^ a b c d Shikov, Alexander N.; Pozharitskaya, Olga N.; Makarov, Valery G.; Wagner, Hildebert; Verpoorte, Rob; Heinrich, Michael (3 July 2014). "Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 153 (3): 481–536. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.007
  10. ^ a b Rouhi, Hossein Reza; Aboutalebian, Mohammad Ali; Saman, Maryam; Karimi, Fatemeh; Champiri, Roya Mahmoudieh (2013). "SEED GERMINATION AND DORMANCY BREAKING METHODS FOR PHEASANT'S EYE (Adonis vernalis L.)"(PDF). International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review. 3 (1): 172–175
  11. ^ a b Esmail, Al-Snafi Ali (2015). "THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW OF PLANTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS (PART 1)". International Journal of Pharmacology & Toxicology. 5 (3): 163–176. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

External links edit

  • Adonis vernalis in Topwalks

adonis, vernalis, known, variously, pheasant, spring, pheasant, yellow, pheasant, false, hellebore, perennial, flowering, plant, buttercup, family, ranunculaceae, found, meadows, steppes, eurasia, more, specifically, this, plant, grows, wide, range, locations,. Adonis vernalis known variously as pheasant s eye spring pheasant s eye yellow pheasant s eye and false hellebore is a perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae It is found in dry meadows and steppes in Eurasia More specifically this plant grows in a wide range of locations which include open forests forest clearings dry meadows mesic steppe and mostly calcareous soil 1 Isolated populations are found from Spain in the west across Central Europe with fine examples in Valais Switzerland and southern Europe reaching southern Sweden in the north and Abruzzo in the south 2 with its main area of distribution being the Pannonian Basin and the West Siberian Plain 3 In contrast to most other European Adonis species the flowers appear in springtime and are up to 80 mm 3 1 in in diameter with up to 20 bright yellow petals Not only do the flowers begin to grow but so do the plants aerial organs from around April to May 4 Adonis vernalisConservation statusCITES Appendix II CITES Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder RanunculalesFamily RanunculaceaeGenus AdonisSpecies A vernalisBinomial nameAdonis vernalisL The plant is poisonous containing cardiostimulant compounds such as adonidin and aconitic acid 5 Infusions of the plant are used in the medicine Bekhterev s mixture 6 It is often used as an ornamental plant 7 Diagram of Adonis vernalisContents 1 Traditional uses 2 Phytochemicals 3 Medicinal uses 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksTraditional uses editDue to the cardiac enhancing effects of Adonis species including Adonis vernalis this plant has a history of use in European and Chinese folk medicine 8 to treat various health problems It has been used in the Soviet Union to treat edema or swelling and as an alternative cardiac agent 8 In 1879 a Russian medical doctor N O Buhnow first introduced into medicine alcoholic extracts of the plant as a cardiac stimulant 9 In 1898 a mixture of the plant extracts with sodium bromide or codeine was suggested by Vladimir Bekherev to treat heart diseases panic disorder dystonia and mild forms of epilepsy 9 Aqueous infusions of the aerial parts of the plant have been traditionally used in Siberia against edema cardiac edema and several other issues that are heart related kidney diseases and even malaria 9 The biological activity of this extract was defined as 50 66 frog units amount or liquid of substance that causes the arrest of the heart of a frog and 6 3 8 0 cat units amount or liquid of substance that causes the arrest of the heart of a cat and large enough doses can be toxic 9 Phytochemicals editThere are many phytochemicals that come from the plant Adonis vernalis including cardiac glycosides such as cymarin and digitoxigenin and flavones including orientin luteolin and vitexin 8 nbsp Floral diagram of Adonis vernalis Medicinal uses editAdonis vernalis contains cardiac glycosides that improve the cardiac efficiency by increasing its output and reducing heart rate 10 These glycosides also have a sedative effect and are often prescribed to patients whose hearts are beating irregularly or at an increased rate 10 Tinctures of Adonis vernalis are also used by homeopathic physicians in patients that are suffering from congestive cardiac failure and its action is very similar to digitalis another drug that stimulates the heart muscle 11 Aqueous extracts of Adonis vernalis were found to have cardiac stimulant effects on isolated heart preparations and it also showed that production of excessive and high potassium concentrations protects against heart failure 11 The plant also contains some flavones with pharmacological activities including antioxidant antimicrobial anti inflammatory neuro and cardioprotective and anti allergic properties 8 See also editList of poisonous plantsReferences edit Hirsch Heidi Wagner Viktoria Danihelka Jiri Ruprecht Eszter Sanchez Gomez Pedro Seifert Marco Hensen Isabell 30 June 2015 High genetic diversity declines towards the geographic range periphery of Adonis vernalis a Eurasian dry grassland plant Plant Biology 17 6 1233 1241 doi 10 1111 plb 12362 Retrieved 22 April 2020 Scoperta una nuova specie vegetale rara nel Parco Sirente Velino NewsTown Retrieved 2016 05 16 Den virtuella floran Adonis vernalis Retrieved 17 April 2006 Gostin Irina April 2011 Anatomical and micromorphological peculiarities of Adonis vernalis L Ranunculaceae Pakistan Journal of Botany 43 2 811 820 Retrieved 22 April 2020 King s American Dispensatory Adonis Retrieved 17 April 2006 Mikstura Behtereva LEKARSTVENNIK RU Retrieved 1 April 2018 Bailey L H 2005 Manual of Gardening Second Edition Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation a b c d Shang Xiaofei Maio Xiaolou Yang Feng Wang Chunmei Li Bing Wang Weiwei Pan Hu Guo Xiao Zhang Yu Zhang Jiyu 4 February 2019 The Genus Adonis as an Important Cardiac Folk Medicine A Review of the Ethnobotany Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Frontiers in Pharmacology 10 25 doi 10 3389 fphar 2019 00025 PMID 30778296 a b c d Shikov Alexander N Pozharitskaya Olga N Makarov Valery G Wagner Hildebert Verpoorte Rob Heinrich Michael 3 July 2014 Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia their history and applications Journal of Ethnopharmacology 153 3 481 536 doi 10 1016 j jep 2014 04 007 a b Rouhi Hossein Reza Aboutalebian Mohammad Ali Saman Maryam Karimi Fatemeh Champiri Roya Mahmoudieh 2013 SEED GERMINATION AND DORMANCY BREAKING METHODS FOR PHEASANT S EYE Adonis vernalis L PDF International Journal of Agriculture Research and Review 3 1 172 175 a b Esmail Al Snafi Ali 2015 THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS A REVIEW OF PLANTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS PART 1 International Journal of Pharmacology amp Toxicology 5 3 163 176 Retrieved 22 April 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adonis vernalis Adonis vernalis in Topwalks Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adonis vernalis amp oldid 1209869130, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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