fbpx
Wikipedia

Splice (film)

Splice is a 2009 science fiction horror film directed by Vincenzo Natali and starring Adrien Brody, Sarah Polley, and Delphine Chanéac. The story concerns experiments in genetic engineering being done by a young scientific couple, who attempt to introduce human DNA into their work of splicing animal genes resulting in the creation of a human–animal hybrid.[3] Guillermo del Toro, Don Murphy, and Joel Silver are the executive producers of this film. Theatrically released on June 4, 2010, the film received generally positive reviews from critics but was commercially unsuccessful, and grossed just $27.1 million against a $30 million production budget.

Splice
Theatrical release poster
Directed byVincenzo Natali
Screenplay by
  • Vincenzo Natali
  • Antoinette Terry Bryant
  • Doug Taylor
Story by
  • Vincenzo Natali
  • Antoinette Terry Bryant
Produced bySteve Hoban
Starring
CinematographyTetsuo Nagata
Edited byMichele Conroy
Music byCyrille Aufort
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • October 6, 2009 (2009-10-06) (Sitges Film Festival)
  • June 4, 2010 (2010-06-04) (United States & Canada)
Running time
104 minutes
Countries
LanguageEnglish
Budget$30 million[2]
Box office$27.1 million[2]

Plot Edit

Genetic engineers Clive Nicoli and Elsa Kast hope to achieve fame by splicing animal DNA to create hybrids for medical use at the company N.E.R.D. (Nucleic Exchange Research and Development). Their work has yielded Fred and Ginger, two large vermiform creatures intended as mates for each other. After successfully mating them, Clive and Elsa plan to create a revolutionary human–animal hybrid. Their employers Joan Chorot and William Barlow forbid this and order them to focus on identifying and extracting proteins from Fred and Ginger for drug production.

However, Clive and Elsa follow their plans in secret and develop a viable prepubescent female creature. Although they planned to terminate before the hybrid reached full term, Elsa persuades Clive to let it live. The hybrid physically ages much faster than humans and mentally develops like a human child. After it spells out NERD with toys after seeing the acronym on Elsa's shirt, Elsa names it "Dren".

Clive’s brother Gavin discovers Dren but flees after she jumps on him. Elsa notices Dren has a fever and tries to cool her in an industrial-sized sink of cold water. Clive holds Dren underwater. This forces Dren to use her gills, revealing she is amphibious. Elsa forms a motherly bond with Dren. Meanwhile, Elsa and Clive neglect their work with Fred and Ginger. At a publicized presentation, Fred and Ginger fight and kill each other. Ginger had spontaneously changed into a male, but Elsa and Clive failed to notice as they were focused on Dren.

The couple moves Dren to the isolated farm where Elsa grew up. Dren reveals she has carnivorous tendencies and retractable wings and enters adolescence. She grows bored of confinement, but Elsa and Clive fear she might be discovered outside. Clive realizes the human DNA used to create Dren is not that of an anonymous donor, as Elsa told him, but Elsa's.

After Dren kills her pet cat with the stinger on her tail, Elsa restrains her roughly and amputates the stinger, then uses it to synthesize a protein for their work. While alone with each other, Dren uses her pheromones to seduce Clive and has sex with him, much to Elsa's horror. Clive accuses Elsa of not wanting a "normal" child prior to that because of her fear of losing control. They return to the farm to terminate Dren but find her seemingly dying.

William Barlow discovers human DNA in Dren's protein samples and arrives at the barn with Gavin, who revealed the location. Elsa says Dren is dead and buried behind the barn. Having spontaneously metamorphosed into a male, Dren rises from the grave and attacks them, killing Barlow and Gavin before raping Elsa. Clive attacks Dren to help Elsa but is overpowered by Dren. Elsa attacks Dren to help Clive but hesitates, which allows Dren to kill Clive. Elsa then kills Dren.

In an office tower, Joan tells Elsa that Dren's body contained numerous biochemical compounds, for which the company is filing patents. She offers a visibly pregnant Elsa a large sum of money to go through with the pregnancy that Elsa accepts.

Cast Edit

Production Edit

Splice was written by director Vincenzo Natali and screenwriters Antoinette Terry Bryant and Doug Taylor.[4] The script was originally meant to follow up Natali's Cube (1997), but the budget and restricted technology hindered the project. In 2007, the project entered active development as a 75% Canadian and 25% French co-production, receiving a budget of $26 million.[5] The director described the film: "Splice is very much about our genetic future and the way science is catching up with much of the fiction out there. [This] is a serious film and an emotional one. And there's sex... Very, very unconventional sex. The centerpiece of the movie is a creature which goes through a dramatic evolutionary process. The goal is to create something shocking but also very subtle and completely believable."[6]

In October 2007, actors Brody and Polley were cast into the lead roles. Production began the following November in Toronto.[4] It was aided by Telefilm Canada's funding of US$2.5 million.[7] Filming took place in Toronto and concluded in February 2008.[5]

In an interview, when asked if there would be any sequels, Natali responded, "I don't think so. It could happen, but it would have required the movie to make a lot of money in the States, but even though the ending of the film appears to be setting up a sequel, that was never my intention. All of my films end with a question, and somewhat ambiguously, and they always imply the beginning of another story. I like to leave the audience with something to ponder."[8]

Release Edit

The film premiered on October 6, 2009 at the Sitges Film Festival,[9] where it won "Best Special Effects" and was in the running for "Best Film", and was part of the 2010 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah.[10] After a bidding war with Apparition,[11] The Weinstein Company, Newmarket Films, First Look Studios, and Samuel Goldwyn Films,[12] Dark Castle Entertainment purchased the U.S rights to the film and the worldwide rights to any possible sequels in February 2010, thinking they "found the next Paranormal Activity".[13][14] The film received a wide release in the United States on June 4, 2010, with Warner Bros. as distributor.[15][16] The trailer was attached to two other Warner Bros. movies, The Losers and A Nightmare on Elm Street.[17] The film opened on June 4, 2010 in wide release to a $7.4 million opening weekend in 2,450 theaters, averaging $3,014 per theater.[2] Splice was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 5, 2010, in the US and on November 29, 2010, in the UK.[18]

Reception Edit

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 75% of 198 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's consensus reads: "It doesn't take its terrific premise quite as far as it should, but Splice is a smart, well-acted treat for horror fans."[19] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 66 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "D" on an A+ to F scale.[21]

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times wrote that Natali "hasn't reinvented the horror genre" but "has done the next best thing with an intelligent movie that, in between its small boos and an occasional hair-raising jolt, explores chewy issues like bioethics, abortion, corporate-sponsored science, commitment problems between lovers and even Freudian-worthy family dynamics."[22] Andrew O'Hehir from Salon said "Dark, sleek, funny and creepily infectious, the genetic-engineering horror-comedy Splice is a dynamic comeback vehicle for Canadian genre director Vincenzo Natali, who made a splash a few years ago with Cube."[23] Lisa Schwarzbaum from Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A− and stated, "The outstanding creature effects by Howard Berger only get more astonishing as Splice splits into an eerie horror picture, then divides again into something out of Rosemary's Baby."[24]

Roger Ebert from the Chicago Sun-Times called it "well done and intriguing" but said it is disappointing in that it does not explore Dren's persona.[25] Comparing the film to David Cronenberg's The Brood, Peter Travers from Rolling Stone said, "Played as a child by Abigail Chu and as an adult by Delphine Chanéac, Dren morphs into a special-effects miracle, sexy and scary in equal doses." and gave the film 3 out of 4.[26] Also comparing the sex scenes to Cronenberg's work, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle rated it 2/4 stars and wrote that while it has several disgusting scenes, it is "a regulation monster movie" that is "too dumb to be serious and too slow to be entertaining".[27] Richard Roeper panned Splice, calling it one of the worst movies of 2010.[citation needed] He gave the film a D+, calling it "ridiculous" but giving it credit for trying to be different.[28]

Accolades Edit

Splice won the 2011 Telefilm Golden Box Office Award, CAD$40,000, for being the highest-grossing Canadian feature film in English in 2010.[29]

The film was nominated for Best Science Fiction Film at 37th Saturn Awards, but lost to Inception, another film from Warner Bros.

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f D'Arcy, David (2010-01-24). "Splice". Screen Daily. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  2. ^ a b c "Splice (2010) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  3. ^ "New Hi-Res Images From 'Splice'". 14 October 2009.
  4. ^ a b Borys Kit (2007-10-04). . The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  5. ^ a b Marise Strauss (2007-10-05). "Natali taps Polley, Brody for Splice". PlaybackOnline.ca. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  6. ^ Rotten, Ryan (2007-04-25). "EXCL: Natali Talks Splice!". ShockTillYouDrop.com. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  7. ^ . Macleans. Montreal. Canadian Press. 2007-12-20. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  8. ^ Lyus, Jon (2010-07-22). "Exclusive Interview – Vincenzo Natali Talks Splice, Sex and The Monster of Neuromancer". HeyUGuys.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
  9. ^ . Sitges Film Festival. Archived from the original on January 14, 2010.
  10. ^ "Sundance '10: 'Splice' Director Vincenzo Natali Blogs". 8 December 2009.
  11. ^ Mike Fleming. "Apparition And Sony About To Buy 'Splice'? (But Newmarket Is Still In It)". Deadline.
  12. ^ Gregg Goldstein (2010-10-13). . The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010.
  13. ^ Mike Fleming (12 February 2010). "Big Sundance Deal Getting Done: 'Splice'". Deadline.
  14. ^ "Splice Set for U.S. Release: Summer date set for Brody sci-fi flick". IGN. 20 March 2010.
  15. ^ "Dark Castle Making Massive Commitment to 'Splice' Release?". 13 February 2010.
  16. ^ "Horror Takes on the Summer Blockbusters! Splice Set For Summer Release from Warner". 9 August 2012.
  17. ^ "Official Teaser Poster for 'Splice' Introduces Dren". 5 May 2010.
  18. ^ "Splice". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
  19. ^ "Splice". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved May 29, 2022.  
  20. ^ "Splice". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  21. ^ Finke, Nikki (June 5, 2010). "JUNE GLOOM: 'Shrek 3D' #1 For 3rd Week; 'Get Him To The Greek' So-So; 'Killers' Weak; 'Marmaduke' And 'Splice' Stillborn". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  22. ^ Dargis, Manohla (2010-06-03). "Careful, That Test Tube Might Be Incubating a Bouncing Baby Monster". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  23. ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (2010-06-04). "Splice: Adrien Brody and Sarah Polley make a monster". Salon. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  24. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (2010-06-04). "Splice". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  25. ^ "Splice". Chicago Sun-Times. 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2017-10-25 – via RogerEbert.com.
  26. ^ Travers, Peter (2010-06-03). "Splice". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  27. ^ LaSalle, Mick (2010-06-04). "Review: Splice scientists cook up DNA monster". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  28. ^ "Splice Review - RichardRoeper.com". Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  29. ^ "Sci-fi horror Splice earns Telefilm box office prize". CBC News. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011. Splice, Vincenzo Natali's slick sci-fi horror film starring Sarah Polley and Adrien Brody, has won Telefilm's fledgling Golden Box Office Award.

External links Edit

splice, film, this, article, about, film, process, splicing, film, film, stock, splice, 2009, science, fiction, horror, film, directed, vincenzo, natali, starring, adrien, brody, sarah, polley, delphine, chanéac, story, concerns, experiments, genetic, engineer. This article is about the film For the process of splicing film see film stock Splice is a 2009 science fiction horror film directed by Vincenzo Natali and starring Adrien Brody Sarah Polley and Delphine Chaneac The story concerns experiments in genetic engineering being done by a young scientific couple who attempt to introduce human DNA into their work of splicing animal genes resulting in the creation of a human animal hybrid 3 Guillermo del Toro Don Murphy and Joel Silver are the executive producers of this film Theatrically released on June 4 2010 the film received generally positive reviews from critics but was commercially unsuccessful and grossed just 27 1 million against a 30 million production budget SpliceTheatrical release posterDirected byVincenzo NataliScreenplay byVincenzo Natali Antoinette Terry Bryant Doug TaylorStory byVincenzo Natali Antoinette Terry BryantProduced bySteve HobanStarringAdrien Brody Sarah Polley Delphine ChaneacCinematographyTetsuo NagataEdited byMichele ConroyMusic byCyrille AufortProductioncompaniesCopperheart Entertainment 1 Gaumont 1 Telefilm Canada 1 Ontario Media Development Corporation 1 Distributed byGaumont France Les Films Seville Canada Release datesOctober 6 2009 2009 10 06 Sitges Film Festival June 4 2010 2010 06 04 United States amp Canada Running time104 minutesCountriesCanada 1 France 1 LanguageEnglishBudget 30 million 2 Box office 27 1 million 2 Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Release 5 Reception 5 1 Accolades 6 References 7 External linksPlot EditGenetic engineers Clive Nicoli and Elsa Kast hope to achieve fame by splicing animal DNA to create hybrids for medical use at the company N E R D Nucleic Exchange Research and Development Their work has yielded Fred and Ginger two large vermiform creatures intended as mates for each other After successfully mating them Clive and Elsa plan to create a revolutionary human animal hybrid Their employers Joan Chorot and William Barlow forbid this and order them to focus on identifying and extracting proteins from Fred and Ginger for drug production However Clive and Elsa follow their plans in secret and develop a viable prepubescent female creature Although they planned to terminate before the hybrid reached full term Elsa persuades Clive to let it live The hybrid physically ages much faster than humans and mentally develops like a human child After it spells out NERD with toys after seeing the acronym on Elsa s shirt Elsa names it Dren Clive s brother Gavin discovers Dren but flees after she jumps on him Elsa notices Dren has a fever and tries to cool her in an industrial sized sink of cold water Clive holds Dren underwater This forces Dren to use her gills revealing she is amphibious Elsa forms a motherly bond with Dren Meanwhile Elsa and Clive neglect their work with Fred and Ginger At a publicized presentation Fred and Ginger fight and kill each other Ginger had spontaneously changed into a male but Elsa and Clive failed to notice as they were focused on Dren The couple moves Dren to the isolated farm where Elsa grew up Dren reveals she has carnivorous tendencies and retractable wings and enters adolescence She grows bored of confinement but Elsa and Clive fear she might be discovered outside Clive realizes the human DNA used to create Dren is not that of an anonymous donor as Elsa told him but Elsa s After Dren kills her pet cat with the stinger on her tail Elsa restrains her roughly and amputates the stinger then uses it to synthesize a protein for their work While alone with each other Dren uses her pheromones to seduce Clive and has sex with him much to Elsa s horror Clive accuses Elsa of not wanting a normal child prior to that because of her fear of losing control They return to the farm to terminate Dren but find her seemingly dying William Barlow discovers human DNA in Dren s protein samples and arrives at the barn with Gavin who revealed the location Elsa says Dren is dead and buried behind the barn Having spontaneously metamorphosed into a male Dren rises from the grave and attacks them killing Barlow and Gavin before raping Elsa Clive attacks Dren to help Elsa but is overpowered by Dren Elsa attacks Dren to help Clive but hesitates which allows Dren to kill Clive Elsa then kills Dren In an office tower Joan tells Elsa that Dren s body contained numerous biochemical compounds for which the company is filing patents She offers a visibly pregnant Elsa a large sum of money to go through with the pregnancy that Elsa accepts Cast EditAdrien Brody as Clive Nicoli Sarah Polley as Elsa Kast Delphine Chaneac as Dren Abigail Chu as Child Dren Brandon McGibbon as Gavin Nicoli Simona Maicanescu as Joan Chorot David Hewlett as William BarlowProduction EditSplice was written by director Vincenzo Natali and screenwriters Antoinette Terry Bryant and Doug Taylor 4 The script was originally meant to follow up Natali s Cube 1997 but the budget and restricted technology hindered the project In 2007 the project entered active development as a 75 Canadian and 25 French co production receiving a budget of 26 million 5 The director described the film Splice is very much about our genetic future and the way science is catching up with much of the fiction out there This is a serious film and an emotional one And there s sex Very very unconventional sex The centerpiece of the movie is a creature which goes through a dramatic evolutionary process The goal is to create something shocking but also very subtle and completely believable 6 In October 2007 actors Brody and Polley were cast into the lead roles Production began the following November in Toronto 4 It was aided by Telefilm Canada s funding of US 2 5 million 7 Filming took place in Toronto and concluded in February 2008 5 In an interview when asked if there would be any sequels Natali responded I don t think so It could happen but it would have required the movie to make a lot of money in the States but even though the ending of the film appears to be setting up a sequel that was never my intention All of my films end with a question and somewhat ambiguously and they always imply the beginning of another story I like to leave the audience with something to ponder 8 Release EditThe film premiered on October 6 2009 at the Sitges Film Festival 9 where it won Best Special Effects and was in the running for Best Film and was part of the 2010 Sundance Film Festival in Park City Utah 10 After a bidding war with Apparition 11 The Weinstein Company Newmarket Films First Look Studios and Samuel Goldwyn Films 12 Dark Castle Entertainment purchased the U S rights to the film and the worldwide rights to any possible sequels in February 2010 thinking they found the next Paranormal Activity 13 14 The film received a wide release in the United States on June 4 2010 with Warner Bros as distributor 15 16 The trailer was attached to two other Warner Bros movies The Losers and A Nightmare on Elm Street 17 The film opened on June 4 2010 in wide release to a 7 4 million opening weekend in 2 450 theaters averaging 3 014 per theater 2 Splice was released on DVD and Blu ray on October 5 2010 in the US and on November 29 2010 in the UK 18 Reception EditOn the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes 75 of 198 critics reviews are positive with an average rating of 6 7 10 The website s consensus reads It doesn t take its terrific premise quite as far as it should but Splice is a smart well acted treat for horror fans 19 Metacritic which uses a weighted average assigned the film a score of 66 out of 100 based on 35 critics indicating generally favorable reviews 20 Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of D on an A to F scale 21 Manohla Dargis of The New York Times wrote that Natali hasn t reinvented the horror genre but has done the next best thing with an intelligent movie that in between its small boos and an occasional hair raising jolt explores chewy issues like bioethics abortion corporate sponsored science commitment problems between lovers and even Freudian worthy family dynamics 22 Andrew O Hehir from Salon said Dark sleek funny and creepily infectious the genetic engineering horror comedy Splice is a dynamic comeback vehicle for Canadian genre director Vincenzo Natali who made a splash a few years ago with Cube 23 Lisa Schwarzbaum from Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A and stated The outstanding creature effects by Howard Berger only get more astonishing as Splice splits into an eerie horror picture then divides again into something out of Rosemary s Baby 24 Roger Ebert from the Chicago Sun Times called it well done and intriguing but said it is disappointing in that it does not explore Dren s persona 25 Comparing the film to David Cronenberg s The Brood Peter Travers from Rolling Stone said Played as a child by Abigail Chu and as an adult by Delphine Chaneac Dren morphs into a special effects miracle sexy and scary in equal doses and gave the film 3 out of 4 26 Also comparing the sex scenes to Cronenberg s work Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle rated it 2 4 stars and wrote that while it has several disgusting scenes it is a regulation monster movie that is too dumb to be serious and too slow to be entertaining 27 Richard Roeper panned Splice calling it one of the worst movies of 2010 citation needed He gave the film a D calling it ridiculous but giving it credit for trying to be different 28 Accolades Edit Splice won the 2011 Telefilm Golden Box Office Award CAD 40 000 for being the highest grossing Canadian feature film in English in 2010 29 The film was nominated for Best Science Fiction Film at 37th Saturn Awards but lost to Inception another film from Warner Bros References Edit a b c d e f D Arcy David 2010 01 24 Splice Screen Daily Retrieved 2017 10 25 a b c Splice 2010 Box Office Mojo Box Office Mojo Retrieved 8 June 2010 New Hi Res Images From Splice 14 October 2009 a b Borys Kit 2007 10 04 A creature feature for Polley Brody The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved 2008 01 08 a b Marise Strauss 2007 10 05 Natali taps Polley Brody for Splice PlaybackOnline ca Retrieved 2008 01 08 Rotten Ryan 2007 04 25 EXCL Natali Talks Splice ShockTillYouDrop com Retrieved 2008 01 08 Telefilm Canada announces funding for 11 English language projects Macleans Montreal Canadian Press 2007 12 20 Archived from the original on 2 February 2008 Retrieved 2008 01 08 Lyus Jon 2010 07 22 Exclusive Interview Vincenzo Natali Talks Splice Sex and The Monster of Neuromancer HeyUGuys co uk Retrieved 2010 07 22 Sitges Film Festival Splice Sitges Film Festival Archived from the original on January 14 2010 Sundance 10 Splice Director Vincenzo Natali Blogs 8 December 2009 Mike Fleming Apparition And Sony About To Buy Splice But Newmarket Is Still In It Deadline Gregg Goldstein 2010 10 13 Service deals becoming a hit at Sundance The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on January 28 2010 Mike Fleming 12 February 2010 Big Sundance Deal Getting Done Splice Deadline Splice Set for U S Release Summer date set for Brody sci fi flick IGN 20 March 2010 Dark Castle Making Massive Commitment to Splice Release 13 February 2010 Horror Takes on the Summer Blockbusters Splice Set For Summer Release from Warner 9 August 2012 Official Teaser Poster for Splice Introduces Dren 5 May 2010 Splice Amazon com Retrieved 2011 10 06 Splice Rotten Tomatoes Fandango Media Retrieved May 29 2022 nbsp Splice Metacritic Fandom Inc Retrieved May 29 2022 Finke Nikki June 5 2010 JUNE GLOOM Shrek 3D 1 For 3rd Week Get Him To The Greek So So Killers Weak Marmaduke And Splice Stillborn Deadline Hollywood Retrieved May 29 2022 Dargis Manohla 2010 06 03 Careful That Test Tube Might Be Incubating a Bouncing Baby Monster The New York Times Retrieved 2017 10 25 O Hehir Andrew 2010 06 04 Splice Adrien Brody and Sarah Polley make a monster Salon Retrieved 2017 10 25 Schwarzbaum Lisa 2010 06 04 Splice Entertainment Weekly Retrieved 2017 10 25 Splice Chicago Sun Times 2010 06 02 Retrieved 2017 10 25 via RogerEbert com Travers Peter 2010 06 03 Splice Rolling Stone Retrieved 2017 10 25 LaSalle Mick 2010 06 04 Review Splice scientists cook up DNA monster San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved 2017 10 25 Splice Review RichardRoeper com Retrieved 15 February 2011 Sci fi horror Splice earns Telefilm box office prize CBC News 26 May 2011 Retrieved 27 May 2011 Splice Vincenzo Natali s slick sci fi horror film starring Sarah Polley and Adrien Brody has won Telefilm s fledgling Golden Box Office Award External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Splice film Splice at IMDb Splice at AllMovie Splice at Rotten Tomatoes Splice at Metacritic nbsp Splice at Box Office Mojo Podcast Interview with Vincenzo Natali about Splice daily greencine com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Splice film amp oldid 1174564557, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.