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Soudan 2019, année zéro

January 01, 1970

Soudan 2019, année zéro (transl. Sudan 2019, Year Zero) is a book about the Sudanese revolution, published in French in 2021. It contains descriptions, commentaries and photographs of the protestors' sit-in area during the weeks in May and June 2019 that led up to the Khartoum massacre. As additional visual documents, the book contains images by Sudanese documentary photographers, illustrating different stages and social backgrounds of the revolution up to the destruction of the sit-in by security forces on 3 June 2019.[1]

Soudan 2019, année zéro
AuthorBach, Jean-Nicolas, Mongiat, Fabrice et al.
IllustratorSudanese documentary photographers
Cover artistMohamed Keeta
CountryFrance
LanguageFrench
SubjectSudanese revolution
Genrenonfiction
PublisherSoleb, bleu autour
Publication date
6 May 2021
Pages144
ISBN978-2-918157-44-1
WebsiteEditor's page

Authors, poets and photographers edit

The book was edited and written by French political scientist Jean-Nicolas Bach[2] and the director of the French cultural centre – Institut français – in Khartoum, Fabrice Mongiat. Additional text was contributed by Azza Ahmed Abdel Aziz, Azza Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed, Duha Bakri, Hiba Diab, Hind Mahmoud Yousif Hussein, Hind Meddeb, Jean-Luc Fauguet, Mohamed Abdelbagi G. Bakhit,[3] Mohamed Musa Ibrahim, Osama Abu Zied, Sadam Faris, Mohammed Ahmad Enour, Tamer Mohammed, Ahmed Abd Elkreem, Said Ahmed and Yasir Awad Abdalla Eltahir.

Sudanese poetry of protest and resistance is presented through works by Azhari Mohammed Ali [ar],[4] Nylawo Ayul,[5] Youssef Elbadawi Hamad, Mohamed al-Hassan Salem Humaid [ar],[6] Mahjoub Sharif, Hashim Siddiq [ar] as well as by anonymous poets.

The photographers who contributed their documentary images were Ahmed Ano, Duha Mohammed, Eythar Gubara, Hind Meddeb, Issam Hafiez, Jean-Nicolas Bach, Metche Jaafar, Mohamed Keeta, Mohamed Noureldin, Mohammed Alasmani, Osama Abu Zied, Saad Eltinay, Sari Omer, Suha Barakat and Ula Osman.

In addition, the book's front and back cover show geographical maps of the protest sites in Khartoum with descriptions of the various places of action and artistic creation.[7][8] Pictures of murals and graffiti, documentary videos and an interactive map of the sites have also been published online at sudanrevolutionart.org[9]

Background edit

 
Sudanese woman protesting at the sit-in with slogan Just fall, that's all! written on her arm, by Ola Alsheikh

On April 11, 2019, the dictatorial and Islamist government of Omar al-Bashir, which had ruled over the Sudan for thirty years, was overthrown by popular protests. During the previous four months, an improvised camp, referred to in English as "the sit-in", had been the centre of the protests in front of the Ministry of Defence in central Khartoum, called al-Qiyada. The camp was busy day and night with Sudanese of all ages and different social backgrounds, confronting the military, police and other security forces. At the same time, this protest camp was considered as a social, political and artistic stage for the beginning of a democratic Sudan.[10]

After the coup d'état by the Sudanese military, negotiations between the succeeding junta and the opposition came to a dead end, as the protestors were hostile to a military-led transition and reclaimed a civilian-led government. On June 3, security forces destroyed the sit-in, killing and wounding many people, and using sexual violence against women.[11] After weeks of uncertainty and with the help of African Union mediation, a transitional government, consisting of both civilians and leaders of the military, was formed in August 2019. It accepted the responsibility for governing the country during the transition to democracy until national elections, scheduled for 2022.[12]

Contents edit

The book presents a decisive moment of the revolution, that it calls 'year zero' of the new Sudan. Most photographs and texts were created by Sudanese women and men. They intended to present an insider's view of the protests, both through documentary images and by bearing witness to the protesters' expectations and creative expressions, as well as through personal accounts of success, fear and temporary defeat.

In his chapter 'The sit-in of the Qiyada',[13] Jean-Nicolas Bach describes the succeeding stages of the protests that he witnessed as a researcher at the Centre for Economic, Legal and Social Studies (CEDEJ Khartoum), a French research centre in Sudan.[14] Apart from the chronology of these events, the book wants to present the diversity of the protesters in terms of their social and political background. An important part of the book are translated slogans, pamphlets, discussions, personal recollections, prayers and poems, as well as references to musical expressions of protest,[15] and photographs of wall paintings or scenes during he protests.[1]: 8  Referring to the important role of young men and women, Bach quotes one of the female protesters, who called these events "a renaissance of a generation through the revolution".[1]: 12 

The sit-in camp and the lyrical and spontaneous expression of young men and women constitute a fundamental turning point in the contemporary history of Sudan. It is a rite of passage, that is leading the Sudanese nation from the stage of a traditional, patriarchal and dictatorial society into a new era, whose key concepts are freedom, peace and justice.

— Mohamed Abdelbagi G. Bakhit, Faculty of Economic & Social Studies, University of Khartoum [1]: 17 

Another chapter presents information about the important roles of the Sudanese Professionals Association and the involvement of women in the non-violent protests.[16] Further, there is a short glossary of revolutionary slogans, for example tasgot bass (Just fall, that's all!) or We are all Darfur!, expressing solidarity with the western Sudanese states of Darfur.[1]: 31–42  Various forms of artistic creation, such as written and oral poetry, paintings and graffiti as well as documentary photography that contributed to the spirit of the revolution are presented in the next chapters.[17] Further accounts cover the stages and different motivations for the social and political developments. Another chapter is dedicated to the organization and activities at the sit-in, ranging from media coverage to medical services, an open library to the supply of food and water.[1]: 83–87 

A digital copy of the book is available for free viewing and download on the publisher's webpage.[18]

Reception edit

On 9 July 2021, Le Monde wrote about the book: "We [...] discover the courage of a young population, in love with freedom, who braved the shootings and the torture to go and demonstrate. The images point to the role of women in the revolution, the intensity and the danger of the demonstrations, but above all this sort of organized utopia constituted by the sit-in, with the endless discussions, the exchange of books, the inventiveness of slogans and songs."[19]

Exhibitions of photographs edit

In June, 2021, the French website Picto announced an exhibition of photographs from the book at the Institut français of Khartoum, parallel to its presentation of the book Soudan 2019, année zéro in Sudan. This exhibition is also scheduled to be shown in major cities, such as Atbara, El Obeid, Wad Madani, Port Sudan and Nyala.[20]

Running from 4 July to 26 September 2021, the photography festival Rencontres de la photographie at Arles in southern France announced an exhibition on the Sudanese revolution under the title 'Thawra! ثورة Revolution!'.[21] It presented images by some of the Sudanese photographers who contributed to the book Soudan 2019, année zéro.[22][23]

During this festival, Eythar Gubara, a photographer featured in the book, won a photography award (Prix de la photo Madame Figaro - Arles 2021) for her photo story «Kandakas can't be stopped» by the French women's magazine Madame Figaro, which entailed a forthcoming photo project by Gubara for the magazine.[24][25] Her pictures of Senegalese fashion model Samb Fatou were published in the magazine's Juli 1st edition in 2022.[26]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Bach, Jean-Nicolas; Mongiat, Fabrice (2021). Soudan 2019, année zéro (in French). Paris: Soleb - bleu autour. ISBN 978-2-918157-44-1.
  2. ^ For other works on the Sudanese revolution by Bach, see Jean-Nicolas Bach; Raphaëlle Chevrillon-Guibert; Alice Franck, eds. (January 2020). Soudan, jusqu'au bout du régime Al-Inqaz, Politique africaine, n°158, 2020/2 (in French). Retrieved 2021-06-05. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "Mohamed Abdelbagi Gismalla Bakhit". University of Khartoum. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  4. ^ Azhari Mohammed Ali is a Sudanese poet and social activist. See a translation of his poetry in 'A drizzle of bullets', at Lynx Qualey, Marcia (2018-12-23). "'A Drizzle of Bullets': poetry of dissent in Sudan". ArabLit & ArabLit Quarterly. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  5. ^ Nylawo Ayul is a South-Sudanese poet, published in the anthology Modern Sudanese Poetry. See Lynx Qualey, Marcia (2019-09-01). "Publication Day for 'Modern Sudanese Poetry: An Anthology'". ArabLit & ArabLit Quarterly. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  6. ^ "Mohamed Al-Hassan Hummaid". www.poetrytranslation.org. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  7. ^ IFRE (2021-08-31). "Soudan 2019 - Année zéro". UMIFRE (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-22.
  8. ^ The webpage sudanrevolution.org presents information and pictures of people who were killed, "as a memorial to the martyrs of the Sudanese revolution""Sudan Revolution". sudanrevolution.org. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  9. ^ "Sudan Revolution Art". sudanrevolutionart.org. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  10. ^ Copnall, James (2019-07-07). "Sudan's third revolution". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  11. ^ Al-Karib, Hala (2019-09-05). "Sudan's youth showed us how to counter sexual violence". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  12. ^ Kirby, Jen (2019-07-05). "Sudan's military and civilian opposition have reached a power-sharing deal". Vox. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
  13. ^ All quotes from the book are translations from the French original into English, made for this article in the English Wikipedia.
  14. ^ Cedej Khartoum. "About us". cedejsudan.hypotheses.org. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  15. ^ Adil, Fady (2019-05-18). "10 Hip Hop Tracks From The Sudanese Revolution". www.scenenoise.com. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  16. ^ Soliman, Nagwan (2020-04-11). "Sudan Spring: lessons from Sudanese Women revolutionaries". Georgetown Institute of Women Peace and Security. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  17. ^ See also the report by Sudanese writer and critic Lemya Shammat "Against erasure: art and Sudan's sit-in". ArabLit & ArabLit Quarterly. 2019-06-15. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  18. ^ "Soudan 2019, année zéro" (PDF). soleb.com. 2021-06-15. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  19. ^ In the French original: "On [...] découvre le courage d'une population jeune, éprise de liberté, qui brave les tirs et la torture pour aller manifester. Les images pointent le rôle des femmes dans la révolution, l'intensité et le danger des manifestations, mais surtout cette sorte d'utopie organisée qu'a constituée le sit-in, avec les discussions sans fin, l'échange de livres, l'inventivité des slogans et des chants." Le Monde, 09 July 2021
  20. ^ "Exposition Soudan année zéro à l'Institut français". Picto (in French). 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  21. ^ Ghoussoub, Sabyl (2021-07-06). "Sudan: When Utopia Becomes Reality". blind-magazine.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  22. ^ Les Rencontres d'Arles. "Thawra ! ثورة Revolution !". www.rencontres-arles.com. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  23. ^ "Dix expositions à voir aux Rencontres d'Arles". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
  24. ^ Meffre, Anne-Claire (2021-07-03). "Prix Madame Figaro Arles 2021: zoom sur les 8 photographes nominées". Madame Figaro (in French). Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  25. ^ Les Rencontres d'Arles (2021-07-08). "PRIX DE LA PHOTO MADAME FIGARO ARLES 2021". www.rencontres-arles.com. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
  26. ^ Maximilian (2 July 2022). "Samb Fatou by Eythar Gubara for Madame Figaro July 1st, 2022 – fashionotography". Retrieved 2022-12-23.

Further reading edit

  • Babikir, Adil (ed.) (2019). Modern Sudanese Poetry: An Anthology. Lincoln, NE, USA. ISBN 978-1-4962-1563-5
  • Bellingreri, Marta (2020). Sudan's unfinished revolution. Zenith magazine
  • Casciarri, Barbara and Manfredi, Stefano. (2020). Freedom Peace and Justice. A Glossary of the Third Sudanese Revolution, Working Paper 2, AUF Project "Arabité, islamité, 'soudanité'/Being Arab, Muslim, Sudanese" Khartoum: Cedej Sudan
  • Shammat, Lemya (2019). The Popular Art and Poetry of Sudanese Protesters, arablit.org

External links edit

  • Publisher's webpage for French book Soudan 2019, année zéro
  • Institut français Khartoum
  • Free online version of French book Soudan 2019, année zéro (pdf)
  • Free online version French book Soudan 2019, année zéro as OpenEdition, without download
  • Short video of the final day of the sit-in on YouTube
  • Video of a memorial concert in Khartoum, with a song by Sudanese songwriter Mohammed Wardi and documentary scenes of the revolution

January 01, 1970
soudan, 2019, année, zéro, transl, sudan, 2019, year, zero, book, about, sudanese, revolution, published, french, 2021, contains, descriptions, commentaries, photographs, protestors, area, during, weeks, june, 2019, that, khartoum, massacre, additional, visual. Soudan 2019 annee zero transl Sudan 2019 Year Zero is a book about the Sudanese revolution published in French in 2021 It contains descriptions commentaries and photographs of the protestors sit in area during the weeks in May and June 2019 that led up to the Khartoum massacre As additional visual documents the book contains images by Sudanese documentary photographers illustrating different stages and social backgrounds of the revolution up to the destruction of the sit in by security forces on 3 June 2019 1 Soudan 2019 annee zeroAuthorBach Jean Nicolas Mongiat Fabrice et al IllustratorSudanese documentary photographersCover artistMohamed KeetaCountryFranceLanguageFrenchSubjectSudanese revolutionGenrenonfictionPublisherSoleb bleu autourPublication date6 May 2021Pages144ISBN978 2 918157 44 1WebsiteEditor s page Contents 1 Authors poets and photographers 2 Background 3 Contents 4 Reception 5 Exhibitions of photographs 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksAuthors poets and photographers editThe book was edited and written by French political scientist Jean Nicolas Bach 2 and the director of the French cultural centre Institut francais in Khartoum Fabrice Mongiat Additional text was contributed by Azza Ahmed Abdel Aziz Azza Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed Duha Bakri Hiba Diab Hind Mahmoud Yousif Hussein Hind Meddeb Jean Luc Fauguet Mohamed Abdelbagi G Bakhit 3 Mohamed Musa Ibrahim Osama Abu Zied Sadam Faris Mohammed Ahmad Enour Tamer Mohammed Ahmed Abd Elkreem Said Ahmed and Yasir Awad Abdalla Eltahir Sudanese poetry of protest and resistance is presented through works by Azhari Mohammed Ali ar 4 Nylawo Ayul 5 Youssef Elbadawi Hamad Mohamed al Hassan Salem Humaid ar 6 Mahjoub Sharif Hashim Siddiq ar as well as by anonymous poets The photographers who contributed their documentary images were Ahmed Ano Duha Mohammed Eythar Gubara Hind Meddeb Issam Hafiez Jean Nicolas Bach Metche Jaafar Mohamed Keeta Mohamed Noureldin Mohammed Alasmani Osama Abu Zied Saad Eltinay Sari Omer Suha Barakat and Ula Osman In addition the book s front and back cover show geographical maps of the protest sites in Khartoum with descriptions of the various places of action and artistic creation 7 8 Pictures of murals and graffiti documentary videos and an interactive map of the sites have also been published online at sudanrevolutionart org 9 Background edit nbsp Sudanese woman protesting at the sit in with slogan Just fall that s all written on her arm by Ola Alsheikh On April 11 2019 the dictatorial and Islamist government of Omar al Bashir which had ruled over the Sudan for thirty years was overthrown by popular protests During the previous four months an improvised camp referred to in English as the sit in had been the centre of the protests in front of the Ministry of Defence in central Khartoum called al Qiyada The camp was busy day and night with Sudanese of all ages and different social backgrounds confronting the military police and other security forces At the same time this protest camp was considered as a social political and artistic stage for the beginning of a democratic Sudan 10 After the coup d etat by the Sudanese military negotiations between the succeeding junta and the opposition came to a dead end as the protestors were hostile to a military led transition and reclaimed a civilian led government On June 3 security forces destroyed the sit in killing and wounding many people and using sexual violence against women 11 After weeks of uncertainty and with the help of African Union mediation a transitional government consisting of both civilians and leaders of the military was formed in August 2019 It accepted the responsibility for governing the country during the transition to democracy until national elections scheduled for 2022 12 Contents editThe book presents a decisive moment of the revolution that it calls year zero of the new Sudan Most photographs and texts were created by Sudanese women and men They intended to present an insider s view of the protests both through documentary images and by bearing witness to the protesters expectations and creative expressions as well as through personal accounts of success fear and temporary defeat In his chapter The sit in of the Qiyada 13 Jean Nicolas Bach describes the succeeding stages of the protests that he witnessed as a researcher at the Centre for Economic Legal and Social Studies CEDEJ Khartoum a French research centre in Sudan 14 Apart from the chronology of these events the book wants to present the diversity of the protesters in terms of their social and political background An important part of the book are translated slogans pamphlets discussions personal recollections prayers and poems as well as references to musical expressions of protest 15 and photographs of wall paintings or scenes during he protests 1 8 Referring to the important role of young men and women Bach quotes one of the female protesters who called these events a renaissance of a generation through the revolution 1 12 The sit in camp and the lyrical and spontaneous expression of young men and women constitute a fundamental turning point in the contemporary history of Sudan It is a rite of passage that is leading the Sudanese nation from the stage of a traditional patriarchal and dictatorial society into a new era whose key concepts are freedom peace and justice Mohamed Abdelbagi G Bakhit Faculty of Economic amp Social Studies University of Khartoum 1 17 Another chapter presents information about the important roles of the Sudanese Professionals Association and the involvement of women in the non violent protests 16 Further there is a short glossary of revolutionary slogans for example tasgot bass Just fall that s all or We are all Darfur expressing solidarity with the western Sudanese states of Darfur 1 31 42 Various forms of artistic creation such as written and oral poetry paintings and graffiti as well as documentary photography that contributed to the spirit of the revolution are presented in the next chapters 17 Further accounts cover the stages and different motivations for the social and political developments Another chapter is dedicated to the organization and activities at the sit in ranging from media coverage to medical services an open library to the supply of food and water 1 83 87 A digital copy of the book is available for free viewing and download on the publisher s webpage 18 Reception editOn 9 July 2021 Le Monde wrote about the book We discover the courage of a young population in love with freedom who braved the shootings and the torture to go and demonstrate The images point to the role of women in the revolution the intensity and the danger of the demonstrations but above all this sort of organized utopia constituted by the sit in with the endless discussions the exchange of books the inventiveness of slogans and songs 19 Exhibitions of photographs editIn June 2021 the French website Picto announced an exhibition of photographs from the book at the Institut francais of Khartoum parallel to its presentation of the book Soudan 2019 annee zero in Sudan This exhibition is also scheduled to be shown in major cities such as Atbara El Obeid Wad Madani Port Sudan and Nyala 20 Running from 4 July to 26 September 2021 the photography festival Rencontres de la photographie at Arles in southern France announced an exhibition on the Sudanese revolution under the title Thawra ثورة Revolution 21 It presented images by some of the Sudanese photographers who contributed to the book Soudan 2019 annee zero 22 23 During this festival Eythar Gubara a photographer featured in the book won a photography award Prix de la photo Madame Figaro Arles 2021 for her photo story Kandakas can t be stopped by the French women s magazine Madame Figaro which entailed a forthcoming photo project by Gubara for the magazine 24 25 Her pictures of Senegalese fashion model Samb Fatou were published in the magazine s Juli 1st edition in 2022 26 See also editPhotography in Sudan The 2010s and beyond Music of Sudan 2000s to the present Kandaka of the Sudanese RevolutionReferences edit a b c d e f Bach Jean Nicolas Mongiat Fabrice 2021 Soudan 2019 annee zero in French Paris Soleb bleu autour ISBN 978 2 918157 44 1 For other works on the Sudanese revolution by Bach see Jean Nicolas Bach Raphaelle Chevrillon Guibert Alice Franck eds January 2020 Soudan jusqu au bout du regime Al Inqaz Politique africaine n 158 2020 2 in French Retrieved 2021 06 05 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help Mohamed Abdelbagi Gismalla Bakhit University of Khartoum Retrieved 2021 06 05 Azhari Mohammed Ali is a Sudanese poet and social activist See a translation of his poetry in A drizzle of bullets at Lynx Qualey Marcia 2018 12 23 A Drizzle of Bullets poetry of dissent in Sudan ArabLit amp ArabLit Quarterly Retrieved 2021 06 02 Nylawo Ayul is a South Sudanese poet published in the anthology Modern Sudanese Poetry See Lynx Qualey Marcia 2019 09 01 Publication Day for Modern Sudanese Poetry An Anthology ArabLit amp ArabLit Quarterly Retrieved 2021 06 02 Mohamed Al Hassan Hummaid www poetrytranslation org Retrieved 2021 06 04 IFRE 2021 08 31 Soudan 2019 Annee zero UMIFRE in French Retrieved 2022 02 22 The webpage sudanrevolution org presents information and pictures of people who were killed as a memorial to the martyrs of the Sudanese revolution Sudan Revolution sudanrevolution org Retrieved 2021 06 04 Sudan Revolution Art sudanrevolutionart org Retrieved 2021 06 04 Copnall James 2019 07 07 Sudan s third revolution www historytoday com Retrieved 2021 06 18 Al Karib Hala 2019 09 05 Sudan s youth showed us how to counter sexual violence www aljazeera com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Kirby Jen 2019 07 05 Sudan s military and civilian opposition have reached a power sharing deal Vox Retrieved 2021 06 06 All quotes from the book are translations from the French original into English made for this article in the English Wikipedia Cedej Khartoum About us cedejsudan hypotheses org Retrieved 2021 06 02 Adil Fady 2019 05 18 10 Hip Hop Tracks From The Sudanese Revolution www scenenoise com Retrieved 2021 06 02 Soliman Nagwan 2020 04 11 Sudan Spring lessons from Sudanese Women revolutionaries Georgetown Institute of Women Peace and Security Retrieved 2021 06 05 See also the report by Sudanese writer and critic Lemya Shammat Against erasure art and Sudan s sit in ArabLit amp ArabLit Quarterly 2019 06 15 Retrieved 2021 06 02 Soudan 2019 annee zero PDF soleb com 2021 06 15 Retrieved 2021 06 16 In the French original On decouvre le courage d une population jeune eprise de liberte qui brave les tirs et la torture pour aller manifester Les images pointent le role des femmes dans la revolution l intensite et le danger des manifestations mais surtout cette sorte d utopie organisee qu a constituee le sit in avec les discussions sans fin l echange de livres l inventivite des slogans et des chants Le Monde 09 July 2021 Exposition Soudan annee zero a l Institut francais Picto in French 2021 06 02 Retrieved 2021 06 05 Ghoussoub Sabyl 2021 07 06 Sudan When Utopia Becomes Reality blind magazine com Retrieved 2021 07 07 Les Rencontres d Arles Thawra ثورة Revolution www rencontres arles com Retrieved 2021 06 04 Dix expositions a voir aux Rencontres d Arles Le Monde fr in French 2021 07 09 Retrieved 2021 07 13 Meffre Anne Claire 2021 07 03 Prix Madame Figaro Arles 2021 zoom sur les 8 photographes nominees Madame Figaro in French Retrieved 2021 07 11 Les Rencontres d Arles 2021 07 08 PRIX DE LA PHOTO MADAME FIGARO ARLES 2021 www rencontres arles com Retrieved 2021 07 12 Maximilian 2 July 2022 Samb Fatou by Eythar Gubara for Madame Figaro July 1st 2022 fashionotography Retrieved 2022 12 23 Further reading editBabikir Adil ed 2019 Modern Sudanese Poetry An Anthology Lincoln NE USA ISBN 978 1 4962 1563 5 Bellingreri Marta 2020 Sudan s unfinished revolution Zenith magazine Casciarri Barbara and Manfredi Stefano 2020 Freedom Peace and Justice A Glossary of the Third Sudanese Revolution Working Paper 2 AUF Project Arabite islamite soudanite Being Arab Muslim Sudanese Khartoum Cedej Sudan Shammat Lemya 2019 The Popular Art and Poetry of Sudanese Protesters arablit orgExternal links editPublisher s webpage for French book Soudan 2019 annee zero Institut francais Khartoum Free online version of French book Soudan 2019 annee zero pdf Free online version French book Soudan 2019 annee zero as OpenEdition without download Short video of the final day of the sit in on YouTube Video of a memorial concert in Khartoum with a song by Sudanese songwriter Mohammed Wardi and documentary scenes of the revolution Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Soudan 2019 annee zero amp oldid 1223542161, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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