White mustard (Sinapis alba) is an annual plant of the family Brassicaceae. It is sometimes also referred to as Brassica alba or B. hirta. Grown for its seeds, used to make the condiment mustard, as fodder crop, or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.
White mustard is an annual, growing to 70 centimetres (28 in) high with stalkless pinnate leaves, similar to Sinapis arvensis.[1]
Distribution
Most common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, it can be found worldwide. It has been found as far north as Greenland,[2] and naturalized throughout Great Britain and Ireland.[3]
Culinary uses
The yellow flowers of the plant produce glabrous or sparsely bristled seed pods. Each fruit (silique) contains roughly a half dozen seeds. The plants are harvested for their seeds just prior to the seed pods becoming ripe and bursting open (dehiscing).
White mustard seeds are hard spheroid seeds, usually around 1.0 to 1.5 mm (0.039 to 0.059 in) in diameter,[4] with a color ranging from beige or yellow to light brown. They can be used whole for pickling or toasted for use in dishes. When ground and mixed with other ingredients, a paste or more standard condiment can be produced. Sinapis alba is used to make the commonplace yellow table mustard, with additional yellow coloring provided by turmeric in some formulations.
The seeds contain sinalbin, which is a thioglycoside responsible for their pungent taste. White mustard has fewer volatile oils and the flavor is considered to be milder than that produced by black mustard seeds.[5][6]
In Greece, the plant's leaves are eaten during the winter, before it blooms. Greeks call it vrouves (βρούβα) or lapsana (λαψάνα). The blooming season of this plant (February–March) is celebrated with the Mustard Festival, a series of festivities in the wine country of California (Napa and Sonoma Counties).[citation needed]
Other uses
White mustard is commonly used as a cover and green manure crop in Europe (between UK and Ukraine). A large number of varieties exist,[7][8] mainly differing in lateness of flowering and resistance against white beet-cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii). Farmers prefer late-flowering varieties, which do not produce seeds, as they may become weeds in the subsequent year. Early vigor is important to cover the soil quickly to suppress weeds and protect the soil against erosion. In rotations with sugar beets, suppression of the white beet-cyst nematode is an important trait. Resistant white mustard varieties reduce nematode populations by 70-90%.[citation needed]
^Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press Ltd., Dundalk. ISBN0-85221-131-7
^Beesley, S. and Wilde, J. 1997. Urban Flora of Belfast. The Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN0-85389-695-X.
^Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968 Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-04656-4
^Balke, D. (2000). "Rapid aqueous extraction of mucilage from whole white mustard seed". Food Research International. 33 (5): 347–356. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00055-7.
^Tan, S. H. (2011). "Extraction and residual antinutritional components in protein fractions of Sinapis alba and Brassica napus oil-free meals". 17th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas (ARAB). Wagga Wagga, NSW: 107.
^Garland, S. (1993). The Complete Book of Herbs & Spices: An Illustrated Guide to Growing and Using Culinary, Aromatic, Cosmetic and Medicinal Plants. Frances Lincoln Limited, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia. ISBN978-0340584699.
white, mustard, sinapis, alba, annual, plant, family, brassicaceae, sometimes, also, referred, brassica, alba, hirta, grown, seeds, used, make, condiment, mustard, fodder, crop, green, manure, widespread, worldwide, although, probably, originated, mediterranea. White mustard Sinapis alba is an annual plant of the family Brassicaceae It is sometimes also referred to as Brassica alba or B hirta Grown for its seeds used to make the condiment mustard as fodder crop or as a green manure it is now widespread worldwide although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region White mustardScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder BrassicalesFamily BrassicaceaeGenus SinapisSpecies S albaBinomial nameSinapis albaL SynonymsBrassica alba L Rabenh Brassica hirta MoenchWhite mustard seeds right compared with rice seeds left Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Culinary uses 4 Other uses 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDescription EditWhite mustard is an annual growing to 70 centimetres 28 in high with stalkless pinnate leaves similar to Sinapis arvensis 1 Distribution EditMost common in Europe North Africa the Middle East and Central Asia it can be found worldwide It has been found as far north as Greenland 2 and naturalized throughout Great Britain and Ireland 3 Culinary uses EditThe yellow flowers of the plant produce glabrous or sparsely bristled seed pods Each fruit silique contains roughly a half dozen seeds The plants are harvested for their seeds just prior to the seed pods becoming ripe and bursting open dehiscing White mustard seeds are hard spheroid seeds usually around 1 0 to 1 5 mm 0 039 to 0 059 in in diameter 4 with a color ranging from beige or yellow to light brown They can be used whole for pickling or toasted for use in dishes When ground and mixed with other ingredients a paste or more standard condiment can be produced Sinapis alba is used to make the commonplace yellow table mustard with additional yellow coloring provided by turmeric in some formulations The seeds contain sinalbin which is a thioglycoside responsible for their pungent taste White mustard has fewer volatile oils and the flavor is considered to be milder than that produced by black mustard seeds 5 6 In Greece the plant s leaves are eaten during the winter before it blooms Greeks call it vrouves broyba or lapsana lapsana The blooming season of this plant February March is celebrated with the Mustard Festival a series of festivities in the wine country of California Napa and Sonoma Counties citation needed Other uses EditWhite mustard is commonly used as a cover and green manure crop in Europe between UK and Ukraine A large number of varieties exist 7 8 mainly differing in lateness of flowering and resistance against white beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Farmers prefer late flowering varieties which do not produce seeds as they may become weeds in the subsequent year Early vigor is important to cover the soil quickly to suppress weeds and protect the soil against erosion In rotations with sugar beets suppression of the white beet cyst nematode is an important trait Resistant white mustard varieties reduce nematode populations by 70 90 citation needed Gallery Edit flowering plant plant flowers seed pods cover cropSee also EditMustard plant Mustard seedReferences Edit Webb D A Parnell J and Doogue D 1996 An Irish Flora Dundalgan Press Ltd Dundalk ISBN 0 85221 131 7 Beesley S and Wilde J 1997 Urban Flora of Belfast The Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen s University of Belfast ISBN 0 85389 695 X Clapham A R Tutin T G and Warburg E F 1968 Excursion Flora of the British Isles Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 04656 4 Balke D 2000 Rapid aqueous extraction of mucilage from whole white mustard seed Food Research International 33 5 347 356 doi 10 1016 S0963 9969 00 00055 7 Tan S H 2011 Extraction and residual antinutritional components in protein fractions of Sinapis alba and Brassica napus oil free meals 17th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas ARAB Wagga Wagga NSW 107 Garland S 1993 The Complete Book of Herbs amp Spices An Illustrated Guide to Growing and Using Culinary Aromatic Cosmetic and Medicinal Plants Frances Lincoln Limited Rydalmere NSW Australia ISBN 978 0340584699 Germany NetherlandsExternal links EditSinapis alba Flowers in Israel Sinapis alba in the CalPhotos photo database University of California Berkeley Sinapis alba Calflora Berkeley California The Calflora Database Sinapis alba Plants for a Future http www maltawildplants com CRUC Sinapis alba php Comprehensive profile for Sinapis alba Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title White mustard amp oldid 1124903883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
