The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.
Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina, which are among the oldest known remains of siluroid catfish.[1]
The relationships of this family are not yet clear.[2] Two of the genera, Gogo and Ancharius, have been moved to a separate family called Anchariidae.[3] The Ariidae are divided into three subfamilies: Galeichthys is the only genus classified in the subfamily Galeichthyinae and similarly Bagre is the only genus in the subfamily Bagreinae,[4] while the rest of the genera are classified in the subfamily Ariinae.[5]
Ariids are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones.[6] Ariids are unusual among catfish in that they live primarily in the sea; the majority of catfish families are strictly freshwater and have little tolerance for brackish or marine conditions. Ariid catfish are found in shallow temperate and tropical seas around the coastlines of North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Many other species of catfish are also present in freshwater habitats; some species only occur in freshwater. In North and South America, about 43 species extend into brackish water or are found exclusively in fresh water.
Appearance and anatomyedit
Ariid catfish have a deeply forked caudal fin. Usually, three pairs of barbels are present. They possess some bony plates on their heads and near their dorsal fins.[6] Some species have venomous spines in their dorsal and pectoral fins.[8]
Skulledit
The left image has Vitruvian Man superimposed where Jesus is said to be depicted in an ariid catfish skull, while the right image is simply the skull. In the upper left hand corner, the small black line provides a scale of 1 cm (0.39 in).
The gafftopsail catfish is sometimes called the "crucifix catfish" because its dried skull bones resembles a cruciform man. This is an example of pareidolia.[9]
Ecologyedit
Beyond their maritime habitat, ariid catfish have a number of unique adaptations that set them apart from other catfish. Most, if not all species, are mouthbrooding fish, with the male carrying a small clutch of a few dozen, tiny eggs for about two months until the eggs hatch and the fry become free-swimming.[10][11]
Relationship to humansedit
One well-known ariid catfish is the hardhead catfish, Ariopsis felis, abundant along the Western Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Mexico. Although hardhead catfish reach a weight of about 5.5 kg (12 lb) and are edible, they have a mixed reputation as game fish and are often considered nuisance bait stealers.[12]
A less-abundant species, more highly regarded as a game and food fish, is the gafftopsail catfish, Bagre marinus. The range of the gafftop extends further south, to Venezuela.
The smaller ariid catfishes have minor value as public and home aquarium fish. In 1972, the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago received worldwide acclaim for the first successful breeding of Ariopsis felis in captivity, a feat they have repeated several times since. The Colombian shark catfishSciades seemanni (until recently Hexanematichthys seemanni) is a fairly popular aquarium fish, though it has been traded under a variety of spurious names, such as Arius jordani and Arius seemani.[13] Less commonly traded aquarium species include Arius berneyi and Arius graeffei.[14]
^Near, Thomas J; Thacker, Christine E (18 April 2024). "Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.
^"A New Genus of the Fish Family Ariidae (Siluriformes), with A Redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and A New Species Description from Peru". Novataxa. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
^Ng, Heok Hee; Sparks, John S. (2005). "Revision of the endemic Malagasy catfish family Anchariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters (PDF). 16 (4): 303–323.
^Sullivan, JP; Lundberg JG; Hardman M (2006). "A phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) using rag1 and rag2 nuclear gene sequences". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 41 (3): 636–62. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.044. PMID 16876440.
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2007). "Bagre marinus" in FishBase. May 2007 version.
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Sea catfish redirects here For other uses see SeaCat disambiguation The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones The family includes about 143 species AriidaeTemporal range Campanian recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Bagre marinus Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Siluriformes Superfamily Arioidea Family AriidaeL S Berg 1958 Subfamilies Ariinae Amissidens Amphiarius Ariopsis Arius Aspistor Batrachocephalus Brustiarius Carlarius Cathorops Cephalocassis Chinchaysuyoa Cinetodus Cochlefelis Cryptarius Genidens Hemiarius Hexanematichthys Ketengus Nedystoma Nemapteryx Neoarius Netuma Notarius Occidentarius Osteogeneiosus Paragenidens Plicofollis Potamarius Potamosilurus Qarmoutus Sciades Bagreinae Bagre Galeichthyinae Galeichthys Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous Campanian and Maastrichtian of Argentina which are among the oldest known remains of siluroid catfish 1 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Appearance and anatomy 3 1 Skull 4 Ecology 5 Relationship to humans 6 See also 7 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe relationships of this family are not yet clear 2 Two of the genera Gogo and Ancharius have been moved to a separate family called Anchariidae 3 The Ariidae are divided into three subfamilies Galeichthys is the only genus classified in the subfamily Galeichthyinae and similarly Bagre is the only genus in the subfamily Bagreinae 4 while the rest of the genera are classified in the subfamily Ariinae 5 Previously the family Ariidae has been grouped in the superfamily Doradoidea but then it was moved into Bagroidea along with Austroglanididae Claroteidae Schilbeidae Pangasiidae Bagridae Malapteruridae and Pimelodidae 6 It has also been classified in a superfamily Arioidea containing Ariidae and Anchariidae 7 Distribution and habitat editAriids are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones 6 Ariids are unusual among catfish in that they live primarily in the sea the majority of catfish families are strictly freshwater and have little tolerance for brackish or marine conditions Ariid catfish are found in shallow temperate and tropical seas around the coastlines of North and South America Africa Asia and Australia Many other species of catfish are also present in freshwater habitats some species only occur in freshwater In North and South America about 43 species extend into brackish water or are found exclusively in fresh water Appearance and anatomy editAriid catfish have a deeply forked caudal fin Usually three pairs of barbels are present They possess some bony plates on their heads and near their dorsal fins 6 Some species have venomous spines in their dorsal and pectoral fins 8 Skull edit nbsp The left image has Vitruvian Man superimposed where Jesus is said to be depicted in an ariid catfish skull while the right image is simply the skull In the upper left hand corner the small black line provides a scale of 1 cm 0 39 in The gafftopsail catfish is sometimes called the crucifix catfish because its dried skull bones resembles a cruciform man This is an example of pareidolia 9 Ecology editBeyond their maritime habitat ariid catfish have a number of unique adaptations that set them apart from other catfish Most if not all species are mouthbrooding fish with the male carrying a small clutch of a few dozen tiny eggs for about two months until the eggs hatch and the fry become free swimming 10 11 Relationship to humans editOne well known ariid catfish is the hardhead catfish Ariopsis felis abundant along the Western Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Mexico Although hardhead catfish reach a weight of about 5 5 kg 12 lb and are edible they have a mixed reputation as game fish and are often considered nuisance bait stealers 12 A less abundant species more highly regarded as a game and food fish is the gafftopsail catfish Bagre marinus The range of the gafftop extends further south to Venezuela The smaller ariid catfishes have minor value as public and home aquarium fish In 1972 the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago received worldwide acclaim for the first successful breeding of Ariopsis felis in captivity a feat they have repeated several times since The Colombian shark catfish Sciades seemanni until recently Hexanematichthys seemanni is a fairly popular aquarium fish though it has been traded under a variety of spurious names such as Arius jordani and Arius seemani 13 Less commonly traded aquarium species include Arius berneyi and Arius graeffei 14 See also editList of fish species that protect their youngReferences edit Near Thomas J Thacker Christine E 18 April 2024 Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray finned fishes Actinopterygii Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 65 doi 10 3374 014 065 0101 A New Genus of the Fish Family Ariidae Siluriformes with A Redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and A New Species Description from Peru Novataxa Retrieved 11 February 2019 Ng Heok Hee Sparks John S 2005 Revision of the endemic Malagasy catfish family Anchariidae Teleostei Siluriformes with descriptions of a new genus and three new species Ichthyol Explor Freshwaters PDF 16 4 303 323 Ariidae Bleeker 1858 World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 29 July 2017 Acero P Arturo Betancur R Ricardo June 2007 Monophyly affinities and subfamilial clades of sea catfishes Siluriformes Ariidae PDF Ichthyol Explor Freshwaters 18 2 133 143 Retrieved 2009 06 25 a b c Nelson Joseph S 2006 Fishes of the World John Wiley amp Sons Inc ISBN 0 471 25031 7 Sullivan JP Lundberg JG Hardman M 2006 A phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of catfishes Teleostei Siluriformes using rag1 and rag2 nuclear gene sequences Mol Phylogenet Evol 41 3 636 62 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2006 05 044 PMID 16876440 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2007 Bagre marinus in FishBase May 2007 version The Crucifix Catfish by Allan James Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2007 Ariidae in FishBase May 2007 version Ariopsis felis Hardhead Catfish Archived from the original on 2006 07 21 Retrieved 2006 07 06 Hexanematichthys seemanni The catfish family Ariidae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ariidae amp oldid 1219974717, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
