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Science and technology in Switzerland

October 28, 2023

Science and technology in Switzerland play an important role in the Swiss economy, which has very few natural resources that are available in the country. The Swiss National Science Foundation, mandated by the Federal government, is the most important institute for promoting scientific research.

The still active NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers are powered by Swiss-built motors.[1]
The Learning Center of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). A famous building of the Lausanne campus.
The Tokamak à configuration variable, research fusion reactor, at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
The Swiss solar aircraft Solar Impulse 2 achieved the longest non-stop solo flight in history and was the first to perform a solar-powered aerial circumnavigation of the globe between 2015 and 2016.

The raw output of scientific research from Switzerland consistently ranks within the top 20.[2] Switzerland was ranked 1st in the Global Innovation Index in 2021[3]

Institutions edit

Universities edit

Main article: List of universities in Switzerland

The first university, the University of Basel, was founded in 1460 and today the country has twelve universities.

Research institutes edit

Museums edit

Researchers edit

 
Some famous Swiss scientists: Leonhard Euler, Louis Agassiz, Albert Einstein and Auguste Piccard

With 57% of its researchers coming from other countries, Switzerland is the country with the world highest proportion of foreign researchers.[5][6]

Scientific edit

Astronomy and space program edit

Main article: Swiss Space Office
 
Oerlikon Space supplies the payload fairings for the Ariane 5 launcher.

Switzerland Space Agency, the Swiss Space Office, has been involved in various space technologies and programs. In addition it was one of the 10 founders of the European Space Agency in 1975 and is the seventh largest contributor to the ESA budget. In the private sector, several companies are implicated in the space industry such as RUAG Space (payload fairings) or Maxon Motors (mars rovers).

Claude Nicollier is a Swiss Astronaut and flew several missions with the United States space program.

In the field of astronomy, Michel Mayor discovered in 1995, 51 Pegasi B, the first extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star.[7]

Mathematics edit

See also: Swiss Mathematical Society

Leonhard Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."[8] Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function.

The Bernoulli family produced many notable scientists (Bernoulli number, Bernoulli's principle, Bernoulli's rule...).

Physics edit

Albert Einstein (naturalized in 1901) [9] was one of the greatest physicists of all time. He is known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2 and also contributed in many other areas (cosmology, solid state physics). Einstein was named "Person of the Century" by Time.

More recently, in 1987, Karl Alexander Müller received the Nobel prize for his work on High-temperature superconductivity.

Furthermore, the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) is located in Switzerland near Geneva.

Chemistry edit

In the field of chemistry Germain Henri Hess is known for his discovery of the Hess's law. Albert Hofmann discovered the Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Paul Hermann Müller received the Nobel prize for his discovery of the insecticidal qualities of DDT.

Engineering edit

See also: Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain

According to one EPFL source, globally, 4 out of the 20 top labs in the field of AI are located in Switzerland.[10]

Biological and earth sciences edit

Friedrich Miescher was a Swiss physician who was the first researcher to isolate and characterize Nucleic acid (DNA). Today, a research institute in Basel (the Friedrich Miescher Institute, FMI) is named after him.[11] Emil Theodor Kocher (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909) was known for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid. The neurologist Walter Rudolf Hess (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949) mapped the areas of the brain that were responsible for the control of several vital bodily functions. The biochemist Werner Arber (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978) is known for his discovery of restriction endonucleases which are essential for all modern biotechnology. The Swiss born Edmond H. Fischer (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992) discovered how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins. Rolf M. Zinkernagel (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996) is famous for his work on the immune system.

Psychology edit

Carl Jung (1875–1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and the founder of Analytical Psychology. Jung is considered the first modern psychiatrist to view the human psyche as "by nature religious" and make it the focus of exploration.

See also edit

Notes and references edit

  • Swiss technology powers Mars mission, Swissinfo.ch
  1. ^ Swiss technology powers Mars mission swissinfo.ch 20 February 2002
  2. ^ Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields, 2006, Thomson Corporation, retrieved 30 March 2009.
  3. ^ "Global Innovation Index 2021". World Intellectual Property Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  4. ^ Jigme Garne, Elisabetta Antonelli (20 November 2014). "Technorama vermehrt auf Sponsoring angewiesen" (in German). Der Landbote. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  5. ^ (in French) Olivier Dessibourg, "La Suisse, carrefour de la circulation des cerveaux", Le Temps, Thursday 15 November 2012, p. 14.
  6. ^ See also academic mobility.
  7. ^ Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (1995). "A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star". Nature. 378 (6555): 355–359. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..355M. doi:10.1038/378355a0. S2CID 4339201.
  8. ^ Dunham, William (1999). Euler: The Master of Us All. The Mathematical Association of America. xiii. "Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous."
  9. ^ "Einstein's nationalities at einstein-website.de". Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  10. ^ "Swiss robotics moves from research to delivering products".
  11. ^ "Home". fmi.ch.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Science and technology in Switzerland.
  • Official portal of Swiss universities
  • All Swiss university programmes
  • myScience.ch Swiss portal for research and innovation
  • The State Secretariat for Education and Research
  • The Ranking Forum of Swiss Universities
  1. ^ "Members" (in German, French, Italian, and English). Berne, Switzerland: swissuniversities. 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

October 28, 2023
science, technology, switzerland, play, important, role, swiss, economy, which, very, natural, resources, that, available, country, swiss, national, science, foundation, mandated, federal, government, most, important, institute, promoting, scientific, research. Science and technology in Switzerland play an important role in the Swiss economy which has very few natural resources that are available in the country The Swiss National Science Foundation mandated by the Federal government is the most important institute for promoting scientific research The still active NASA s Mars Exploration Rovers are powered by Swiss built motors 1 The Learning Center of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne EPFL A famous building of the Lausanne campus The Tokamak a configuration variable research fusion reactor at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne The Swiss solar aircraft Solar Impulse 2 achieved the longest non stop solo flight in history and was the first to perform a solar powered aerial circumnavigation of the globe between 2015 and 2016 The raw output of scientific research from Switzerland consistently ranks within the top 20 2 Switzerland was ranked 1st in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 3 Contents 1 Institutions 1 1 Universities 1 2 Research institutes 1 3 Museums 1 4 Researchers 2 Scientific 2 1 Astronomy and space program 2 2 Mathematics 2 3 Physics 2 4 Chemistry 2 5 Engineering 2 6 Biological and earth sciences 2 7 Psychology 3 See also 4 Notes and references 5 External linksInstitutions editUniversities edit Main article List of universities in Switzerland The first university the University of Basel was founded in 1460 and today the country has twelve universities University of Basel Basel University of Bern Bern University of Fribourg Fribourg University of Geneva Geneva University of Neuchatel Neuchatel University of Lausanne UNIL Lausanne University of Lucerne Lucerne University of Lugano Lugano University of St Gallen HSG St Gallen University of Zurich Zurich Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ETH Zurich Zurich Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne EPFL LausanneResearch institutes edit Agroscope Changins Wadenswil ACW Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux ALP Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon ART European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN Swiss National Supercomputing Centre CSCS Manno Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM Paul Scherrer Institute PSI Swiss Light Source Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology EMPA Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training SFIVET Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration IDHEAP Idiap Research Institute Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research IDSIA Swiss Institute of Comparative Law Kurt Bosch University Institute IUKB Federal Institute of Metrology METAS Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics SIB Swiss Finance Institute International Institute for Management Development IMD Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies IHEID Sempach Bird Observatory Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Swiss Nanoscience Institute Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Campus Biotech Research Institute of Organic AgricultureMuseums edit The Swiss Science Center Technorama is a unique Science museum in the municipality of Winterthur in the canton of Zurich 4 Researchers edit nbsp Some famous Swiss scientists Leonhard Euler Louis Agassiz Albert Einstein and Auguste PiccardWith 57 of its researchers coming from other countries Switzerland is the country with the world highest proportion of foreign researchers 5 6 Scientific editAstronomy and space program edit Main article Swiss Space Office nbsp Oerlikon Space supplies the payload fairings for the Ariane 5 launcher Switzerland Space Agency the Swiss Space Office has been involved in various space technologies and programs In addition it was one of the 10 founders of the European Space Agency in 1975 and is the seventh largest contributor to the ESA budget In the private sector several companies are implicated in the space industry such as RUAG Space payload fairings or Maxon Motors mars rovers Claude Nicollier is a Swiss Astronaut and flew several missions with the United States space program In the field of astronomy Michel Mayor discovered in 1995 51 Pegasi B the first extrasolar planet orbiting a sun like star 7 Mathematics edit See also Swiss Mathematical Society Leonhard Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time A statement attributed to Pierre Simon Laplace expresses Euler s influence on mathematics Read Euler read Euler he is the master of us all 8 Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus and graph theory He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation particularly for mathematical analysis such as the notion of a mathematical function The Bernoulli family produced many notable scientists Bernoulli number Bernoulli s principle Bernoulli s rule Physics edit Albert Einstein naturalized in 1901 9 was one of the greatest physicists of all time He is known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass energy equivalence expressed by the equation E mc2 and also contributed in many other areas cosmology solid state physics Einstein was named Person of the Century by Time More recently in 1987 Karl Alexander Muller received the Nobel prize for his work on High temperature superconductivity Furthermore the CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research is located in Switzerland near Geneva Chemistry edit In the field of chemistry Germain Henri Hess is known for his discovery of the Hess s law Albert Hofmann discovered the Lysergic acid diethylamide LSD Paul Hermann Muller received the Nobel prize for his discovery of the insecticidal qualities of DDT Engineering edit See also Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain According to one EPFL source globally 4 out of the 20 top labs in the field of AI are located in Switzerland 10 Biological and earth sciences edit Friedrich Miescher was a Swiss physician who was the first researcher to isolate and characterize Nucleic acid DNA Today a research institute in Basel the Friedrich Miescher Institute FMI is named after him 11 Emil Theodor Kocher Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909 was known for his work in the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid The neurologist Walter Rudolf Hess Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 mapped the areas of the brain that were responsible for the control of several vital bodily functions The biochemist Werner Arber Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 is known for his discovery of restriction endonucleases which are essential for all modern biotechnology The Swiss born Edmond H Fischer Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 discovered how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins Rolf M Zinkernagel Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 is famous for his work on the immune system Psychology edit Carl Jung 1875 1961 was a Swiss psychiatrist and the founder of Analytical Psychology Jung is considered the first modern psychiatrist to view the human psyche as by nature religious and make it the focus of exploration See also editSwiss National Science Foundation Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain Swiss Innovation Park Education in Switzerland List of universities in Switzerland Swissnex Health ValleyNotes and references editSwiss technology powers Mars mission Swissinfo ch Oerlikon Space Swiss technology powers Mars mission swissinfo ch 20 February 2002 Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields 2006 Thomson Corporation retrieved 30 March 2009 Global Innovation Index 2021 World Intellectual Property Organization United Nations Retrieved 5 March 2022 Jigme Garne Elisabetta Antonelli 20 November 2014 Technorama vermehrt auf Sponsoring angewiesen in German Der Landbote Retrieved 17 December 2014 in French Olivier Dessibourg La Suisse carrefour de la circulation des cerveaux Le Temps Thursday 15 November 2012 p 14 See also academic mobility Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz 1995 A Jupiter mass companion to a solar type star Nature 378 6555 355 359 Bibcode 1995Natur 378 355M doi 10 1038 378355a0 S2CID 4339201 Dunham William 1999 Euler The Master of Us All The Mathematical Association of America xiii Lisez Euler lisez Euler c est notre maitre a tous Einstein s nationalities at einstein website de Retrieved 30 March 2009 Swiss robotics moves from research to delivering products Home fmi ch External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Science and technology in Switzerland Official portal of Swiss universities All Swiss university programmes myScience ch Swiss portal for research and innovation The State Secretariat for Education and Research The Ranking Forum of Swiss Universities Portals nbsp Science nbsp Switzerland Members in German French Italian and English Berne Switzerland swissuniversities 2023 Retrieved 6 May 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Science and technology in Switzerland amp oldid 1120046962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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