Wikipedia
Sapphire Rapids
Sapphire Rapids is a codename for Intel's server (fourth generation Xeon Scalable) and workstation (Xeon W-2400 and Xeon W-3400) processors based on the Golden Cove microarchitecture and produced using Intel 7.[1][2][3][4] It features up to 60 cores and an array of accelerators, and it is the first generation of Intel server and workstation processors to use a chiplet design.
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | January 10, 2023 |
| Marketed by | Intel |
| Designed by | Intel |
| Common manufacturer(s) | |
| CPUID code | 806F6 |
| Product code | 80713 |
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | Up to 4.8 GHz |
| QPI speeds | 16 GT/s |
| DMI speeds | 16 GT/s |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 80 KB per core (32 KB instruction + 48 KB data) |
| L2 cache | 2 MB per core |
| L3 cache | Up to 112.5 MB (1.875 MB per core) |
| L4 cache | 64 GB HBM2a (Xeon Max only) |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Application | Server Workstation Embedded |
| Technology node | Intel 7 (previously known as 10ESF) |
| Microarchitecture | Golden Cove |
| Instruction set | x86-64 |
| Instructions | MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, AVX-512, AVX-VNNI, TSX, AMX, AES-NI, CLMUL, RDRAND |
| Extensions | |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
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| Memory (RAM) | |
| Package(s) |
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| Socket(s) | |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Product code name(s) |
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| Model(s) |
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| Brand name(s) |
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| History | |
| Predecessor(s) | Ice Lake (workstations, 1S and 2S servers) Cooper Lake (4S and 8S servers) |
| Successor(s) | Emerald Rapids |
| Support status | |
| Supported | |
Sapphire Rapids is part of the Eagle Stream server platform.[5][6] In addition, it powers Aurora, an exascale supercomputer in the United States, at Argonne National Laboratory.[7]
History edit
Sapphire Rapids has been a long-standing Intel project along Alder Lake in development for over five years and has been subjected to many delays.[8] It was first announced by Intel at their Investor Meeting in May 2019 with the intention of Sapphire Rapids succeeding Ice Lake and Cooper Lake in 2021.[9][10] Intel again announced details on Sapphire Rapids in their August 2021 Architecture Day presentation with no mention of a launch date.[11]
Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger tacitly blamed the previous Intel leadership as a reason for Sapphire Rapid's many delays.[8] One industry analyst firm claimed that Intel was having problems with yields from its Intel 7 node with yields of 50–60% on higher core-count silicon.[12] Sapphire Rapids was originally scheduled for a launch in the first half of 2022.[13] It was later scheduled for release in Q4 2022 but was again delayed to early 2023.[14] The specific announcement date of January 10, 2023 was not revealed by Intel until November 2022.[15]
The server processor lineup was released on January 10, 2023, and the workstation processor lineup was released on February 15, 2023.[16] Those processors were available for shipping on March 14 of that year.[17] Intel shipped the millionth of this generation Xeon processors in 2023.[18]
Features edit
CPU edit
- Up to 60 Golden Cove CPU cores per package[19]
- Up to 15 cores per tile, a 60 core Xeon Platinum 8490H uses 4 dies populated with 15 cores to have 60 cores in total
- AVX512-FP16[20]
- TSX Suspend Load Address Tracking (
TSXLDTRK)[21] - Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX)[19]
- Trust Domain Extensions (TDX), a collection of technologies to help deploy hardware-isolated virtual machines (VMs) called trust domains (TDs)[22]
Accelerators edit
- In-Field Scan (IFS), a technology that allows for testing the processor for potential hardware faults without taking it completely offline[23]
- Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA), allows for speeding up data copy and transformation between different kinds of storage[24][25]
- QuickAssist Technology (QAT), allows for improved performance of compression and encryption tasks[25]
- Dynamic Load Balancer (DLB), allows for offloading tasks of load balancing, packet prioritization and queue management[25]
- In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (IAA), allows accelerating in-memory databases and big data analytics[25]
Not all accelerators are available in all processor models. Some accelerators are available under the Intel On Demand program, also known as Software Defined Silicon (SDSi), where a license is required to activate a given accelerator that is physically present in the processor. The license can be obtained as a one-time purchase or as a paid subscription. Activating the license requires support in the operating system. A driver with the necessary support was added in Linux kernel version 6.2.[26][25]
I/O edit
- PCI Express 5.0[19]
- Direct Media Interface 4.0
- 8-channel DDR5 ECC memory support up to DDR5-4800, up to 2 DIMMs per channel[27]
- On-package High Bandwidth Memory 2.0e memory as L4 cache on Xeon Max models[27][28]
- Compute Express Link 1.1[19]
Die configurations edit
Sapphire Rapids come in two varieties: the low-core-count variety uses a single die (MCC), and the high-core-count variety uses multiple dies on a single package (XCC).
XCC multi-die configuration edit
- Multi-chiplet chip with four tiles linked by 2.5D Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridges. Each tile is a 400mm2 system on a chip, providing both compute cores and I/O.[29]
- Each tile contains 15 Golden Cove cores, and a single UPI link
- Each tile's memory controller provides two channels of DDR5 ECC supporting 4 DIMMs (2 per channel) and 1 TB of memory with a maximum of 8 channels, 16 DIMMs, and 4 TB memory across 4 tiles[30]
- A tile provides up to 32 PCIe 5.0 lanes, but one of the eight PCIe controllers of a CPU is usually reserved for DMI, resulting in a maximum of 112 non-chipset lanes. This maximum is only reached in the W-3400 series processors, while the server processors have 80 (20 per tile).[31]
List of Sapphire Rapids processors edit
Sapphire Rapids-HBM (High Bandwidth Memory/Xeon Max Series) edit
Xeon Max processors contain 64 GB of High Bandwidth Memory.
| Model number | Cores (threads) | Base clock | Turbo Boost | Smart cache | TDP | Maximum scalability | Registered DDR5 w. ECC support | UPI links | Release MSRP (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All core | Single core | |||||||||
| 9480 | 56 (112) | 1.9 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 112.5 MB | 350 W | 2S | 4800 MT/s | 4 | $12980 |
| 9470 | 52 (104) | 2.0 GHz | 2.7 GHz | 105.0 MB | $11590 | |||||
| 9468 | 48 (96) | 2.1 GHz | 2.6 GHz | $9900 | ||||||
| 9460 | 40 (80) | 2.2 GHz | 2.7 GHz | 97.5 MB | 3 | $8750 | ||||
| 9462 | 32 (64) | 2.7 GHz | 3.1 GHz | 75.0 MB | $7995 | |||||
Sapphire Rapids-SP (Scalable Performance) edit
With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-SP competes with AMD's Epyc 8004/9004 Genoa with up to 96 cores and Bergamo with up to 128 cores. Sapphire Rapids Xeon server processors are scalable from single-socket configurations up to 8 socket configurations.[32][33]
Suffixes to denote:[34]
- +: Includes 1 of each of the four accelerators: DSA, IAA, QAT, DLB
- H: Database and analytics workloads, supports 4S (Xeon Gold) and/or 8S (Xeon Platinum) configurations and includes all of the accelerators
- M: Media transcode workloads
- N: Network/5G/Edge workloads (High TPT/Low Latency), some are uniprocessor
- P: Cloud and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) workloads
- Q: Liquid cooling
- S: Storage & Hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) workloads
- T: Long-life use/High thermal case
- U: Uniprocessor (some workload-specific SKUs may also be uniprocessor)
- V: Optimized for cloud and software as a service (SaaS) workloads, some are uniprocessor
- Y: Speed Select Technology-Performance Profile (SST-PP) enabled (some workload-specific SKUs may also support SST-PP)
- Y+: Speed Select Technology-Performance Profile (SST-PP) enabled and includes 1 of each of the accelerators.
| Model number | Cores (threads) | Base clock | Turbo Boost | Smart cache | TDP | Maximum scalability | Registered DDR5 w. ECC support | UPI links | Release MSRP (USD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All core | Single core | |||||||||
| Xeon Platinum (8400) | ||||||||||
| 8490H | 60 (120) | 1.9 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 112.5 MB | 350 W | 8S | 4800 MT/s | 4 | $17000 |
| 8488C | 48 (96) | 2.4 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 105.0 MB | 385 W | 2S | ? | ||
| 8487C | 56 (112) | 1.9 GHz | ? | 3.8 GHz | 350 W | ? | ||||
| 8481C | 2.0 GHz | 2.9 GHz | ? | |||||||
| 8480+ | 3.0 GHz | 4 | $10710 | |||||||
| 8480C | ||||||||||
| 8478C | 48 (96) | 2.2 GHz | ? | ? | ||||||
| 8475B | 2.7 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 97.5 MB | ? | ||||||
| 8474C | 2.1 GHz | ? | ? | |||||||
| 8473C | 52 (104) | 2.9 GHz | 105.0 MB | ? | ||||||
| 8471N | 1.8 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 97.5 MB | 300 W | 1S | 4 | $5171 | ||
| 8470Q | 2.1 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 105.0 MB | 350 W | 2S | $9410 | |||
| 8470N | 1.7 GHz | 2.7 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 97.5 MB | 300 W | $9520 | ||||
| 8470 | 2.0 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 105.0 MB | 350 W | $9359 | ||||
| 8469C | 48 (96) | 2.6 GHz | 3.1 GHz | 97.5 MB | ? | |||||
| 8468V | 2.4 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 330 W | 3 | $7121 | |||||
| 8468H | 2.1 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 105.0 MB | 8S | 4 | $13923 | ||||
| 8468 | 3.1 GHz | 350 W | 2S | $7214 | ||||||
| 8465C | 52 (104) | 2.9 GHz | ? | |||||||
| 8462Y+ | 32 (64) | 2.8 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 60.0 MB | 300 W | 3 | $5945 | ||
| 8461V | 48 (96) | 2.2 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 97.5 MB | 1S | 0 | $4491 | ||
| 8460Y+ | 40 (80) | 2.0 GHz | 105.0 MB | 2S | 4 | $5558 | ||||
| 8460H | 2.2 GHz | 3.1 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 330 W | 8S | $10710 | ||||
| 8458P | 44 (88) | 2.7 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 82.5 MB | 350 W | 2S | 3 | $7121 | ||
| 8454H | 32 (64) | 2.1 GHz | 2.7 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 270 W | 8S | 4 | $6540 | ||
| 8452Y | 36 (72) | 2.0 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 67.5 MB | 300 W | 2S | $3995 | ||
| 8450H | 28 (56) | 2.6 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 75.0 MB | 250 W | 8S | $4708 | |||
| 8444H | 16 (32) | 2.9 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 45.0 MB | 270 W | $4234 | |||
| 8432C | 40 (80) | ? | ? | 3.8 GHz | ? | 350 W | 2S | ? | ||
| 8422C | 36 (72) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||
| Xeon Gold (5400 and 6400) | ||||||||||
| 6462C | 32 (64) | 3.3 GHz | ? | ? | 60.0 MB | ? | 2S | 4800 MT/s | ? | |
| 6458Q | 3.1 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 350 W | 3 | $6416 | |||||
| 6456C | 2.9 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 280 W | ? | |||||
| 6454S | 2.2 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 270 W | 4 | $3157 | ||||
| 6448Y | 2.1 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 225 W | 3 | $3583 | ||||
| 6448H | 2.4 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 250 W | 4S | $3658 | |||||
| 6444Y | 16 (32) | 3.6 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 45.0 MB | 270 W | 2S | $3622 | |||
| 6442Y | 24 (48) | 2.6 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 60.0 MB | 225 W | $2878 | |||
| 6438Y+ | 32 (64) | 2.0 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 205 W | $3141 | |||||
| 6438N | 2.7 GHz | 3.6 GHz | $3351 | |||||||
| 6438M | 2.2 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 3.9 GHz | $3273 | ||||||
| 6434H | 8 (16) | 3.7 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 22.5 MB | 195 W | 4S | $3070 | |||
| 6434 | 2S | $2607 | ||||||||
| 6430 | 32 (64) | 2.1 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 60.0 MB | 270 W | 4400 MT/s | $2128 | ||
| 6428N | 1.8 GHz | 2.5 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 185 W | 4000 MT/s | $3200 | ||||
| 6426Y | 16 (32) | 2.5 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 37.5 MB | 4800 MT/s | $1517 | |||
| 6421N | 32 (64) | 1.8 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 60.0 MB | 1S | 4400 MT/s | $2368 | ||
| 6418H | 24 (48) | 2.1 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 4S | 4800 MT/s | $2065 | |||
| 6416H | 18 (36) | 2.2 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 45.0 MB | 165 W | $1444 | ||||
| 6414U | 32 (64) | 2.0 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 60.0 MB | 250 W | 1S | 0 | $2296 | |
| 5420+ | 28 (56) | 2.7 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 52.5 MB | 205 W | 2S | 4400 MT/s | 3 | $1848 | |
| 5418Y | 24 (48) | 2.8 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 45.0 MB | 185 W | $1483 | ||||
| 5418N | 1.8 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 165 W | 4000 MT/s | $1664 | |||||
| 5416S | 16 (32) | 2.0 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 30.0 MB | 150 W | 4400 MT/s | $944 | ||
| 5415+ | 8 (16) | 2.9 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 22.5 MB | $1066 | ||||
| 5412U | 24 (48) | 2.1 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 45.0 MB | 185 W | 1S | 0 | $1113 | |
| 5411N | 1.9 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 165 W | 3 | $1388 | |||||
| Xeon Silver (4400) | ||||||||||
| 4416+ | 20 (40) | 2.0 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 37.5 MB | 165 W | 2S | 4000 MT/s | 2 | $1176 |
| 4410Y | 12 (24) | 2.8 GHz | 30.0 MB | 150 W | $563 | |||||
| 4410T | 10 (20) | 2.7 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 26.25 MB | $624 | ||||
| Xeon Bronze (3400, 3500) | ||||||||||
| 3508U | 8 (8) | 2.1 GHz | 2.2 GHz | 22.5 MB | 125 W | 1S | 4400 MT/s | 0 | $415-$425 | |
| 3408U | 1.8 GHz | 1.9 GHz | 4000 MT/s | |||||||
Sapphire Rapids-WS (Workstation) edit
With its maximum of 56 cores, Sapphire Rapids-WS competes with AMD's Threadripper PRO 5000WX Chagall with up to 64 cores.[35] Like Intel's Core product segmentation into i3, i5, i7 and i9, Sapphire Rapids-WS is labeled Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9.[36] Sapphire Rapids-WS was unveiled in February 2023, and was made available for OEMs in March.[37][38] CPUs with "X" suffix have its multiplier unlocked for overclocking.[39]
- No suffix letter: Locked clock multiplier
- X: Unlocked clock multiplier (adjustable with no ratio limit)
- Xeon W-2400 uses a monolithic design and supports up to 64 PCI Express 5.0 lanes, while Xeon W-3400 uses a multi-chip module design and supports up to 112 lanes. Both support 8 DMI 4.0 lanes.
| Model | Cores (threads) | Clock rate (GHz) | Smart cache | Registered DDR5 w. ECC support | TDP | Release MSRP (USD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | Turbo Boost | Base | Turbo | ||||||
| 2.0 | 3.0 | ||||||||
| Xeon W-3400 (SPR-112L) | |||||||||
| w9-3495X | 56 (112) | 1.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 105 MB | 8-channel 4800 MT/s 4 TB | 350 W | 420 W | $5889 |
| w9-3475X | 36 (72) | 2.2 | 82.5 MB | 300 W | $3739 | ||||
| w7-3465X | 28 (56) | 2.5 | 75.0 MB | 300 W | 360 W | $2889 | |||
| w7-3455 | 24 (48) | 67.5 MB | 270 W | 324 W | $2489 | ||||
| w7-3445 | 20 (40) | 2.6 | 52.5 MB | $1989 | |||||
| w5-3435X | 16 (32) | 3.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 45.0 MB | $1589 | |||
| w5-3425 | 12 (24) | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 30.0 MB | $1189 | |||
| Xeon W-2400 (SPR-64L) | |||||||||
| w7-2495X | 24 (48) | 2.5 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 45.0 MB | 4-channel 4800 MT/s 2 TB | 225 W | 270 W | $2189 |
| w7-2475X | 20 (40) | 2.6 | 37.5 MB | $1789 | |||||
| w5-2465X | 16 (32) | 3.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 33.75 MB | 200 W | 240 W | $1389 | |
| w5-2455X | 12 (24) | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 30.0 MB | $1039 | |||
| w5-2445 | 10 (20) | 3.1 | 26.25 MB | 175 W | 210 W | $839 | |||
| w3-2435 | 8 (16) | 4.3 | 4.5 | 22.5 MB | 4-channel 4400 MT/s 2 TB | 165 W | 198 W | $669 | |
| w3-2425 | 6 (12) | 3.0 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 15.0 MB | 130 W | 156 W | $529 | |
| w3-2423 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 120 W | 144 W | $359 | |||
See also edit
References edit
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