Sangam (1964 Hindi film)
Sangam (transl. Confluence) is a 1964 Indian romantic drama film, directed, produced and edited by Raj Kapoor at R. K. Studio, written by Inder Raj Anand, and distributed by R. K. Films with Mehboob Studio and Filmistan. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Vyjayanthimala and Rajendra Kumar in the lead roles, with Iftekhar, Raj Mehra, Nana Palsikar, Lalita Pawar, Achala Sachdev and Hari Shivdasani appearing in supporting roles. In the film, Sunder decides to prove himself and enrolls in the Indian Air Force. He carries out a risky flight to help army soldiers, disappears, is believed to be dead, but re-surfaces virtually unscathed, and returns to marry Radha.
| Sangam | |
|---|---|
Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Raj Kapoor |
| Written by | Inder Raj Anand |
| Produced by | Raj Kapoor |
| Starring | |
| Narrated by | Raj Kapoor |
| Cinematography | Radhu Karmakar |
| Edited by | Raj Kapoor |
| Music by | Shankar Jaikishan |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | R. K. Films |
Release date |
|
Running time | 238 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi[1] |
It was the first Indian film to be exclusively shot abroad[2] and was also among the most expensive film of its time with the longest runtime for an Indian film up to that time. It also had a tight and classy script. The film was way ahead of this time. All these things had immensely contributed to the commercial success of the film.[3]
Internationally the film was released in the Soviet Union in 1964[4][5] Director Dasari Narayana Rao remade the film in Telugu and Kannada languages as Swapna (1981).
Plot Edit
Sundar, Gopal and Radha have been friends since childhood. As they grow into adults, Sundar develops an obsessive romantic attraction to Radha; for him, she is the only woman in the world. However, Radha prefers Gopal, who is also in love with her, and systematically resists Sundar's advances. Matching Sundar's great love for Radha is his unswerving devotion to his friendship with Gopal. Sundar confides his feelings for Radha to Gopal, who decides to sacrifice his love for his friend's sake.
Eventually, Sundar enlists in the Indian Air Force and is assigned a dangerous mission in Kashmir, delivering items to soldiers fighting there. Before leaving, he extracts a promise from Gopal, whom he trusts implicitly, never to let any man come between Radha and himself while he is away. Sundar subsequently completes his mission, but his aircraft is shot down and he is listed as killed in action and presumed dead. For his bravery, he is awarded the Param Vir Chakra. The news saddens Radha and Gopal, but they are nonetheless now free to profess their love for one another. Among other expressions of love, Gopal writes her an unsigned love letter that touches her and which she hides away. Just when they begin taking steps to be married, Sundar returns, safe and sound. The self-effacing Gopal sacrifices his love once more, stepping back into the shadows and watching as the reborn Sundar resumes his wooing of Radha. Before Sundar enlisted, Radha's parents did not like him, but after he was awarded the Param Vir Chakra, they happily marry their daughter to him.
After the couple returns from an extended European honeymoon, Sundar is deliriously happy, as his life's dream has been realised. Radha is resolved to be faithful to her husband and to put Gopal out of her mind, privately asking him to stay away from her and Sundar because of the torture his presence causes her. Sundar's devotion to Gopal, however, is such that he constantly tries to draw him into their lives, much to Radha's chagrin. The perfection of their marital bliss is, however, shattered when Sundar accidentally discovers the unsigned love letter Gopal had written to Radha. An enraged Sundar pulls a pistol on his wife and demands she divulge the name of her supposed lover, threatening to kill the man, but she refuses.
In the days that follow, Sundar becomes consumed with discovering the identity of the letter's author. Radha's life becomes miserable, lived out against the incessant drama of Sundar's jealousy, threats, anger, and fixation with the letter. Eventually unable to bear the wretchedness of her existence with Sundar any further, she flees to Gopal for help. Sundar takes the same route, unaware that Radha has gone to Gopal's house. There, matters come to a head. The overwrought Gopal admits his authorship of the infamous letter to Radha, an admission that almost destroys his friend. Sundar asks Gopal why he sacrificed his love for his sake, admitting that he would have happily done the same for him. Radha, meanwhile, chastises the two men for not ever taking her feelings into consideration through the whole situation, and only focussing on their friendship. Gopal, perceiving no exit from the impasse at which the three have arrived, kills himself with Sundar's pistol. Radha and Sundar are finally reunited but in mourning.
Cast Edit
- Raj Kapoor as Flight Lt. Sundar Khanna
- Vyjayanthimala as Radha Mehra / Radha Sundar Khanna
- Rajendra Kumar as Magistrate Gopal Verma
- Iftekhar as Indian Air Force Officer
- Raj Mehra as Judge Mehra
- Nana Palsikar as Nathu
- Lalita Pawar as Mrs. Verma
- Hari Shivdasani as Captain
- Achala Sachdev as Captain's wife
- Randhir Kapoor as Young Sundar Khanna
Production Edit
Development Edit
In the late 1940s, Raj Kapoor planned to launch a film under the title of Gharonda with Dilip Kumar, Nargis and himself in the lead playing the central characters.[6] The story was penned by Inder Raj Anand during the making of Kapoor's first directorial film, Aag (1948).[6] However, the film was postponed for several reasons and was in development hell until 1962, when it was titled as Sangam, with new cast and crew.[6]
Casting Edit
Initially, Kapoor approached Dilip Kumar to play the role of Gopal Verma.[6] Kumar agreed to play either one of the two male roles, on the condition that he be given the right to edit the final copy of the film.[6] Since Kapoor could not accept Kumar's condition, he then approached Dev Anand and offered him the choice of either one of the male leads. Anand also declined the film, citing call sheet problems as the reason.[6] Raj Kapoor then offered the role to Uttam Kumar but he too declined the offer.[7] The role was finally given to Rajendra Kumar.[6]
Filming Edit
During filming, Raj Kapoor took the help of the Indian Air Force in the shooting of the Air Force scenes. This was also Raj Kapoor's first complete film in colour, and his last major hit as a lead actor.
Soundtrack Edit
The music for this film was composed by Shankar Jaikishan, while the songs were written by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri. The soundtrack was listed by Planet Bollywood as number 8 on their list of 100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks. Vyjayantimala made her debut as a singer by beautifully humming to the tunes of "Yeh Mera Prem Patra", along with Mohammed Rafi.[8]
| # | Title | Singer(s) | Lyricist | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Bol Radha Bol" (Alternate title: Mere Man Ki Ganga) | Vyjayanthimala, Mukesh | Shailendra | 04:39 |
| 2 | "Dost Dost Na Raha" | Mukesh | 05:51 | |
| 3 | "Har Dil Jo Pyaar Karega" | Lata Mangeshkar, Mukesh, Mahendra Kapoor | 04:45 | |
| 4 | "O Mere Sanam" | Lata Mangeshkar, Mukesh | 04:13 | |
| 5 | "O Mehbooba" | Mukesh | Hasrat Jaipuri | 04:59 |
| 6 | "Yeh Mera Prem Patra" | Mohammad Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar, Vyjayanthimala | 04:25 | |
| 7 | "Main Kya Karoon Ram" | Lata Mangeshkar | 03:45 | |
| 8 | "Ich Liebe Dich (I Love You)" | Vivian Lobo | 02:16 |
Reception Edit
Commercial response Edit
Sangam was a success at the box office. Boxofficeindia.com reported the film had collected ₹80,000,000 and its net collection, ₹40,000,000.[9] Similarly, Boxofficeindia.co.in reported the film had the same box office collection, while its adjusted to inflation by comparing the collection with the price of Gold in 1964 is about ₹7,173,154,362 (US$90 million).[10] Contrary to both reports, Ibosnetwork.com claim that Sangam grossed around ₹50,000,000 with its adjusted to inflation gross to be ₹7,602,400,000 (US$95 million).[11] By the end of its overall box office collection, Sangam was labelled as blockbuster at the box office, where it was the highest-grossing film of the year.[9]
Furthermore, Sangam also ranked as second highest-grossing film of the decade by Boxofficeindia.com behind Mughal-e-Azam, where its adjusted to inflation net reportedly was about ₹885,700,000 (US$11 million).[12] The film was also ranked at fourth by Boxofficeindia.co.in in their 2011 list of "Top 50 Film of Last 50 Years", which feature all-time highest grossing Hindi films by using the relative price of gold in different years to arrive at a hypothetical current value of box office collections of past films.[13]
Awards Edit
| Award | Category | Nominee | Outcome | Note | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards | Best Indian Films | Raj Kapoor | Won | On behalf of R. K. Films | [14] [15] [16] |
| Best Director | |||||
| Best Editing | |||||
| Best Art Direction | M. R. Acharekar | ||||
| Best Cinematography | Radhu Karmakar | ||||
| Best Audiography | Allauddin Khan Qureshi | ||||
| 12th Filmfare Awards | Best Film | Raj Kapoor | Nominated | On behalf of R. K. Films | |
| Best Director | Won | ||||
| Best Actor | Nominated | ||||
| Best Actress | Vyjayanthimala | Won | |||
| Best Supporting Actor | Rajendra Kumar | Nominated | |||
| Best Story | Inder Raj Anand | ||||
| Best Music Director | Shankar-Jaikishan | ||||
| Best Lyricist | Shailendra for "Dost Dost Na Raha" | ||||
| Best Male Playback Singer | Mukesh for "Dost Dost Na Raha" | ||||
| Best Editing | Raj Kapoor | Won | |||
| Best Sound Design | Allauddin Khan Qureshi |
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ Aḵẖtar, Jāvīd; Kabir, Nasreen Munni (2002). Talking Films: Conversations on Hindi Cinema with Javed Akhtar. Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-19-566462-1.
most of the writers working in this so-called Hindi cinema write in Urdu: Gulzar, or Rajinder Singh Bedi or Inder Raj Anand or Rahi Masoom Raza or Vahajat Mirza, who wrote dialogue for films like Mughal-e-Azam and Gunga Jumna and Mother India. So most dialogue-writers and most song-writers are from the Urdu discipline, even today.
- ^ "Sangam - First Indian Movie To Be Shot Abroad - Raj Kapoor - Classic Hindi Movie Poster - Posters". Tallenge Store. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Blast from the past: This film started the trend of shooting abroad". filmfare.com. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ Sergey Kudryavtsev. "Личное СВК (13000 названий) - фильмы 1961–1965 годов (часть 2 – 200 фильмов)".
- ^ Rajagopalan, Sudha (2005). Indian Films in Soviet Cinemas: The Culture of Movie-going After Stalin. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253220998.
- ^ a b c d e f g Surendra Miglani (28 May 2006). "Sangam revisited". The Tribune. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "Raj Kapoor - Remembering Uttam Kumar: 10 memorable quotes about the 'Mahanayak' of Bengali cinema". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks Ever – Part 4". Planet Bollywood. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ a b . Boxofficeindia.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ Nitin Tej Ahuja; Vajir Singh; Saurabh Sinha (1 November 2011). . Boxofficeindia.co.in. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ "Sangam". Ibosnetwork.com. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ "Top Earners 1960–1969 (Figures in Ind Rs)". Boxofficeindia.com. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ Nitin Tej Ahuja; Vajir Singh; Saurabh Sinha (3 November 2011). "Top 50 Film of Last 50 Years". Boxofficeindia.co.in. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ "BFJA Awards (1965)". Gomolo.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- ^ "The Nominations – 1964". Indiatimes. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- ^ "The Winners – 1964". Indiatimes. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
External links Edit
- Sangam at IMDb
- Sangam at Rotten Tomatoes
- Sangam at AllMovie
- Sangam