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Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation

August 26, 2023

The Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation is a geological formation in Belgium. It is found in localised areas of the northern margin of the Mons Basin, alongside the equivalently aged Hautrage and Baudour Clay Formations.[1] It is Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian in age.[2] It predominantly consists of laminated clay, with some lignite.[3] It is well known for the "Iguanodon sinkhole" locality near Bernissart where many specimens of Iguanodon bernissartensis were described by Louis Dollo in the late 19th century.

Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation
Stratigraphic range: Barremian-early Aptian
~126–124 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesAlbian aged "Meules"
OverliesBreccia, Pennsylvanian basement
ThicknessVariable, 50 m (160 ft) at Bernissart
Lithology
PrimaryClay
OtherLignite
Location
Coordinates50°30′N 3°36′E / 50.5°N 3.6°E / 50.5; 3.6
Approximate paleocoordinates40°42′N 13°42′E / 40.7°N 13.7°E / 40.7; 13.7
Country Belgium
ExtentLocalised within the northern margins of the Mons Basin
Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation (Belgium)

Geologic context Edit

The Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation are part of the stratigraphy of the Mons Basin, a Cretaceous-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in western Belgium. The subsidence of the basin floor is caused by the dissolution of anhydrite in the Carboniferous basement. Wealden facies are the oldest units within the basin, and are only found on the northern margin of the basin, being absent from the central and southern parts of the basin. Localised areas of significant subsidence, referred to as "sinkholes" are observed. The Wealden facies are overlain by "mixed siliciclastic–carbonate formations" called Meules dating to the Albian.[1]

Fossil content Edit

Tetrapods Edit

Tetrapods of the Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Anteophthalmosuchus A. epikrator[4] Bernissart "Two ... fully articulated skeletons, one missing the skull and mandible."[5] Goniopholidid crocodyliform
 
Bernissartia B. fagesii IRSNB R46, mostly complete skeleton Bernissartiid crocodyliform
 
Chitracephalus C. dumonii Carapace with preserved limbs Cryptodiran turtle[6]
Iguanodon I. bernissartensis Multiple skeletons Iguanodontian dinosaur
 
Mantellisaurus M. atherfieldensis IRSNB 1551, single mostly complete skeleton Iguanodontian dinosaur, formerly considered holotype of "Dollodon bampingi"[7]
 
Hylaeobatrachus H. croyii Slab and counterslab of a complete skeleton Salamander
 
Peltochelys P. duchastelii Shell fragments Paracryptodire, probable close relative of Compsemys[8]
 
Theropoda Indeterminate Phalanx

Fish Edit

Fish of the Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Aethalionopsis A. robustus Bernissart Formerly referred to Anaethalion
 
Amiopsis A. dolloi
 
Barbalepis B. macroptera Coccolepid fish, formerly referred to Coccolepis[9]
Pleuropholis P. germinalis Pleuropholid fish[10]
Callopterus C. insignis
 
Pattersonella P. formosa Formerly referred to Leptolepis
 
Scheenstia S. bernissartensis Multiple specimens Previously referred to Lepidotes, L. brevifulcratus is a junior synonym.[11]
 
Other fish
* Leptolepis attenuatus[12]

Insects Edit

The Tettigarctid cicada Hylaeoneura lignei is known from the formation.[15]

Parasites Edit

  • Ascarites gerus[16]
  • A. priscus[16]
  • Digenites proterus[16]
  • Entamoebites antiquus[16]

Flora Edit

Ichnofossils Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Godefroit, Pascal (2012). "A Short Introduction to the Geology of the Mons Basin and the Iguanodon Sinkhole, Belgium". Bernissart dinosaurs and early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 35–42. ISBN 978-0-253-35721-2. OCLC 721905743.
  2. ^ Dejax, J.; Pons, D.; Yans, J. (April 2007). "Palynology of the dinosaur-bearing Wealden facies in the natural pit of Bernissart (Belgium)". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 144 (1–2): 25–38. Bibcode:2007RPaPa.144...25D. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.10.004.
  3. ^ Schnyder, Johann; Dejax, Jean; Keppens, Edward; Nguyen Tu, Thanh Thuy; Spagna, Paul; Boulila, Slah; Galbrun, Bruno; Riboulleau, Armelle; Tshibangu, Jean-Pierre; Yans, Johan (October 2009). "An Early Cretaceous lacustrine record: Organic matter and organic carbon isotopes at Bernissart (Mons Basin, Belgium)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 281 (1–2): 79–91. Bibcode:2009PPP...281...79S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.07.014.
  4. ^ Ristevski, Jorgo; Young, Mark T.; de Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Hastings, Alexander K. (April 2018). "A new species of Anteophthalmosuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Goniopholididae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom, and a review of the genus". Cretaceous Research. 84: 340–383. Bibcode:2018CrRes..84..340R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.008.
  5. ^ Martin, Jeremy E.; Delfino, Massimo; Smith, Thierry (2016-11-01). "Osteology and affinities of Dollo's goniopholidid (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart, Belgium". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (6): e1222534. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2534M. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1222534. hdl:2318/1635521. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 89199731.
  6. ^ Pérez-García, Adán (September 2012). "The European Early Cretaceous Cryptodiran Turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the Diversity of a Poorly Known Lineage of Turtles". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (3): 575–588. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0065. ISSN 0567-7920.
  7. ^ McDonald, Andrew T. (February 2012). "The status of Dollodon and other basal iguanodonts (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe". Cretaceous Research. 33 (1): 1–6. Bibcode:2012CrRes..33....1M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.03.002.
  8. ^ Joyce, Walter G.; Rollot, Yann (2020-05-14). "An alternative interpretation of Peltochelys duchastelii as a paracryptodire". Fossil Record. 23 (1): 83–93. doi:10.5194/fr-23-83-2020. ISSN 2193-0074.
  9. ^ Olive, Sébastien; Taverne, Louis; López-Arbarello, Adriana (March 2019). "A new genus of coccolepidid actinopterygian from the Cretaceous Iguanodon-bearing locality of Bernissart, Belgium". Cretaceous Research. 95: 318–335. Bibcode:2019CrRes..95..318O. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.020. S2CID 134207366.
  10. ^ Olive, Sébastien; Taverne, Louis; Brito, Paulo M. (2022-04-28). "Pleuropholis germinalis n. sp., a new Pleuropholidae (Neopterygii, Teleostei) from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart, Belgium". Geodiversitas. 44 (17). doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a17. ISSN 1280-9659. S2CID 248516226.
  11. ^ Cavin, Lionel; Deesri, Uthumporn; Olive, Sébastien (2020-03-18). "Scheenstia bernissartensis (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart, Belgium, with an appraisal of ginglymodian evolutionary history". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (6): 513–527. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1634649. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 199631685.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Quinet, 1969
  13. ^ a b c d e f Dupont, 1892
  14. ^ a b c d e f du Pauw, 1902
  15. ^ Lameere & Severin, 1897
  16. ^ a b c d Poinar & Boucot, 2006
  17. ^ Yans et al., 2006
  18. ^ a b Woodward, 1885

Bibliography Edit

  • Poinar, G., and A. J. Boucot. 2006. Evidence of intestinal parasites of dinosaurs. Parasitology 133. 245–249. .
  • Yans, J.; J. Dejax; D. Pons; L. Taverne, and P. Bultynck. 2006. The iguanodons of Bernissart (Belgium) are middle Barremian to earliest Aptian in age. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 76. 91–95. .
  • Quinet, G.-E. 1969. Bernissart...il y a 125.000.000 d'Années. Le Règne des Iguanodons - Bernissart...125,000,000 Years Ago. The Reign of the Iguanodon, 1–86. ..
  • du Pauw, L. F. 1902. Notes sur les Fouilles du Charbonnage de Bernissart. Découverte, Solidification et Montage des Iguanodons - Notes on the excavations of the Bernissart coal mine. Discovery, solidification, and mounting of the Iguanodons, 1–25. ..
  • Lameere, A., and G. Severin. 1897. Les insectes de Bernissart. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 41. 35–38. .
  • Dupont, É. 1892. Le gisement des Iguanodons de Bernissart - The locality of the Iguanodons of Bernissart. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie 6. 86–92. .
  • Woodward, H. 1885. On Iguanodon mantelli, Meyer. Geological Magazine, decade 3 2. 10–15. .

Further reading Edit

  • P.-J. Van Beneden. 1878. Sur la découverte de reptiles fossiles gigantesques dans le charbonnage de Bernissart près de Péruwelz [On the discovery of gigantic fossil reptiles in the Bernissart coal mine near Péruwelz]. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, série 2 45:578-579

August 26, 2023
sainte, barbe, clays, formation, geological, formation, belgium, found, localised, areas, northern, margin, mons, basin, alongside, equivalently, aged, hautrage, baudour, clay, formations, upper, barremian, lower, aptian, predominantly, consists, laminated, cl. The Sainte Barbe Clays Formation is a geological formation in Belgium It is found in localised areas of the northern margin of the Mons Basin alongside the equivalently aged Hautrage and Baudour Clay Formations 1 It is Upper Barremian Lower Aptian in age 2 It predominantly consists of laminated clay with some lignite 3 It is well known for the Iguanodon sinkhole locality near Bernissart where many specimens of Iguanodon bernissartensis were described by Louis Dollo in the late 19th century Sainte Barbe Clays FormationStratigraphic range Barremian early Aptian 126 124 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N TypeGeological formationUnderliesAlbian aged Meules OverliesBreccia Pennsylvanian basementThicknessVariable 50 m 160 ft at BernissartLithologyPrimaryClayOtherLigniteLocationCoordinates50 30 N 3 36 E 50 5 N 3 6 E 50 5 3 6Approximate paleocoordinates40 42 N 13 42 E 40 7 N 13 7 E 40 7 13 7Country BelgiumExtentLocalised within the northern margins of the Mons BasinSainte Barbe Clays Formation Belgium Contents 1 Geologic context 2 Fossil content 2 1 Tetrapods 2 2 Fish 2 3 Insects 2 4 Parasites 2 5 Flora 2 6 Ichnofossils 3 References 3 1 Bibliography 4 Further readingGeologic context EditThe Sainte Barbe Clays Formation are part of the stratigraphy of the Mons Basin a Cretaceous Cenozoic sedimentary basin in western Belgium The subsidence of the basin floor is caused by the dissolution of anhydrite in the Carboniferous basement Wealden facies are the oldest units within the basin and are only found on the northern margin of the basin being absent from the central and southern parts of the basin Localised areas of significant subsidence referred to as sinkholes are observed The Wealden facies are overlain by mixed siliciclastic carbonate formations called Meules dating to the Albian 1 Fossil content EditTetrapods Edit Tetrapods of the Sainte Barbe Clays FormationGenus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes ImagesAnteophthalmosuchus A epikrator 4 Bernissart Two fully articulated skeletons one missing the skull and mandible 5 Goniopholidid crocodyliform Bernissartia B fagesii IRSNB R46 mostly complete skeleton Bernissartiid crocodyliform Chitracephalus C dumonii Carapace with preserved limbs Cryptodiran turtle 6 Iguanodon I bernissartensis Multiple skeletons Iguanodontian dinosaur Mantellisaurus M atherfieldensis IRSNB 1551 single mostly complete skeleton Iguanodontian dinosaur formerly considered holotype of Dollodon bampingi 7 Hylaeobatrachus H croyii Slab and counterslab of a complete skeleton Salamander Peltochelys P duchastelii Shell fragments Paracryptodire probable close relative of Compsemys 8 Theropoda Indeterminate PhalanxFish Edit Fish of the Sainte Barbe Clays FormationGenus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes ImagesAethalionopsis A robustus Bernissart Formerly referred to Anaethalion Amiopsis A dolloi Barbalepis B macroptera Coccolepid fish formerly referred to Coccolepis 9 Pleuropholis P germinalis Pleuropholid fish 10 Callopterus C insignis Pattersonella P formosa Formerly referred to Leptolepis Scheenstia S bernissartensis Multiple specimens Previously referred to Lepidotes L brevifulcratus is a junior synonym 11 Other fish Leptolepis attenuatus 12 L brevis 12 Notagogus parvus 12 Ophiopsis dorsalis 13 O penicillatus 14 Pachythrissops vectensis 12 Pholidophorus obesus 12 Scheenstia mantelli 14 Belonostomus sp 14 Caturus sp 14 Pholidophorus sp 14 Polypsephis sp 14 Typodus sp 12 Insects Edit The Tettigarctid cicada Hylaeoneura lignei is known from the formation 15 Parasites Edit Ascarites gerus 16 A priscus 16 Digenites proterus 16 Entamoebites antiquus 16 Flora Edit Alethopteris elegans 13 Cladophlebis dunkeri 12 Conites minuta 12 Laccopteris dunkeri 12 Leckenbya valdensis 12 Matonidium goepperti 12 Onychiopsis mantelli 12 Pecopteris conybeari 13 P polymorpha 13 Pinites solmsi 12 Polypodites mantelli 13 Ruffordia goepperti 12 Sagenopteris mantelli 12 Sphenopteris delicatissima 12 S fittoni 12 S roemeri 13 Stellatopollis hughesii 17 Weichselia mantelli 12 Adiantites sp 12 Equisetites sp 12 Gleichenia sp 18 Gleichenites sp 18 Hausmannia Protorhipis 12 Lycopodites sp 12 cf Taeniopteris sp 12 Ichnofossils Edit Algites sp 12 References Edit a b Godefroit Pascal 2012 A Short Introduction to the Geology of the Mons Basin and the Iguanodon Sinkhole Belgium Bernissart dinosaurs and early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems Indiana University Press pp 35 42 ISBN 978 0 253 35721 2 OCLC 721905743 Dejax J Pons D Yans J April 2007 Palynology of the dinosaur bearing Wealden facies in the natural pit of Bernissart Belgium Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 144 1 2 25 38 Bibcode 2007RPaPa 144 25D doi 10 1016 j revpalbo 2005 10 004 Schnyder Johann Dejax Jean Keppens Edward Nguyen Tu Thanh Thuy Spagna Paul Boulila Slah Galbrun Bruno Riboulleau Armelle Tshibangu Jean Pierre Yans Johan October 2009 An Early Cretaceous lacustrine record Organic matter and organic carbon isotopes at Bernissart Mons Basin Belgium Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 281 1 2 79 91 Bibcode 2009PPP 281 79S doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2009 07 014 Ristevski Jorgo Young Mark T de Andrade Marco Brandalise Hastings Alexander K April 2018 A new species of Anteophthalmosuchus Crocodylomorpha Goniopholididae from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight United Kingdom and a review of the genus Cretaceous Research 84 340 383 Bibcode 2018CrRes 84 340R doi 10 1016 j cretres 2017 11 008 Martin Jeremy E Delfino Massimo Smith Thierry 2016 11 01 Osteology and affinities of Dollo s goniopholidid Mesoeucrocodylia from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart Belgium Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 6 e1222534 Bibcode 2016JVPal 36E2534M doi 10 1080 02724634 2016 1222534 hdl 2318 1635521 ISSN 0272 4634 S2CID 89199731 Perez Garcia Adan September 2012 The European Early Cretaceous Cryptodiran Turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the Diversity of a Poorly Known Lineage of Turtles Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 3 575 588 doi 10 4202 app 2011 0065 ISSN 0567 7920 McDonald Andrew T February 2012 The status of Dollodon and other basal iguanodonts Dinosauria Ornithischia from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe Cretaceous Research 33 1 1 6 Bibcode 2012CrRes 33 1M doi 10 1016 j cretres 2011 03 002 Joyce Walter G Rollot Yann 2020 05 14 An alternative interpretation of Peltochelys duchastelii as a paracryptodire Fossil Record 23 1 83 93 doi 10 5194 fr 23 83 2020 ISSN 2193 0074 Olive Sebastien Taverne Louis Lopez Arbarello Adriana March 2019 A new genus of coccolepidid actinopterygian from the Cretaceous Iguanodon bearing locality of Bernissart Belgium Cretaceous Research 95 318 335 Bibcode 2019CrRes 95 318O doi 10 1016 j cretres 2018 11 020 S2CID 134207366 Olive Sebastien Taverne Louis Brito Paulo M 2022 04 28 Pleuropholis germinalis n sp a new Pleuropholidae Neopterygii Teleostei from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart Belgium Geodiversitas 44 17 doi 10 5252 geodiversitas2022v44a17 ISSN 1280 9659 S2CID 248516226 Cavin Lionel Deesri Uthumporn Olive Sebastien 2020 03 18 Scheenstia bernissartensis Actinopterygii Ginglymodi from the Early Cretaceous of Bernissart Belgium with an appraisal of ginglymodian evolutionary history Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 6 513 527 doi 10 1080 14772019 2019 1634649 ISSN 1477 2019 S2CID 199631685 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Quinet 1969 a b c d e f Dupont 1892 a b c d e f du Pauw 1902 Lameere amp Severin 1897 a b c d Poinar amp Boucot 2006 Yans et al 2006 a b Woodward 1885 Bibliography Edit Poinar G and A J Boucot 2006 Evidence of intestinal parasites of dinosaurs Parasitology 133 245 249 Yans J J Dejax D Pons L Taverne and P Bultynck 2006 The iguanodons of Bernissart Belgium are middle Barremian to earliest Aptian in age Bulletin de l Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Sciences de la Terre 76 91 95 Quinet G E 1969 Bernissart il y a 125 000 000 d Annees Le Regne des Iguanodons Bernissart 125 000 000 Years Ago The Reign of the Iguanodon 1 86 du Pauw L F 1902 Notes sur les Fouilles du Charbonnage de Bernissart Decouverte Solidification et Montage des Iguanodons Notes on the excavations of the Bernissart coal mine Discovery solidification and mounting of the Iguanodons 1 25 Lameere A and G Severin 1897 Les insectes de Bernissart Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 41 35 38 Dupont E 1892 Le gisement des Iguanodons de Bernissart The locality of the Iguanodons of Bernissart Bulletin de la Societe Belge de Geologie de Paleontologie et d Hydrologie 6 86 92 Woodward H 1885 On Iguanodon mantelli Meyer Geological Magazine decade 3 2 10 15 Further reading EditP J Van Beneden 1878 Sur la decouverte de reptiles fossiles gigantesques dans le charbonnage de Bernissart pres de Peruwelz On the discovery of gigantic fossil reptiles in the Bernissart coal mine near Peruwelz Bulletin de l Academie Royale des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique serie 2 45 578 579 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sainte Barbe Clays Formation amp oldid 1170969474, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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