These ferns have creeping rhizomes. The compound eaves fork multiple times, with the final leaf lobes ending in a pinnate arrangement. The sori are found at the bottom of the leaves and are made of a few sporangia. They are not covered by an indusium (protective covering).[4] The sori occur in a unique chamber in the laminar pits - a feature found only in this genus.[5]
Fossil recordedit
Gleichenia dicarpa leaves
The fossil record indicates that this genus had emerged by the late Jurassic period, although it was far more common in the early Cretaceous period.[6] There is some evidence that it may have emerged even earlier - in the upper Triassic period.[7] There are, however, multiple genera in the fossil record that show a similar leaf branching pattern to Gleichenia, which can make it difficult to determine the exact identity of a specimen that does not have adequately preserved fruiting bodies.[8]
Fossils have been found in across a wide geographic range including:
The Pariwar formation in India (Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary)
^ ab"Genus Gleichenia". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
^Pryer, K. M., E. Schuettpelz, P. G. Wolf, H. Schneider, A. R. Smith, and R. Cranfill (2004). Phylogeny and Evolution of Ferns (Monilophytes) with a Focus on the Early Leptosporangiate Divergences. American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1582–98.
^Levyns, M.R. (1966). A Guide to the Flora of the Cape Peninsula (2nd Revised ed.). Juta & Company, Limited. OCLC 621340.
^ abCantrill, David J.; Ohlsen, Daniel; McCurry, Matthew R.; Frese, Michael (2023-03-01). "Gleichenia nagalingumiae sp. nov., a remarkably well-preserved fossil species with in situ spores from the Miocene of Australia". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 310: 104823. Bibcode:2023RPaPa.31004823C. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104823. ISSN 0034-6667. S2CID 254620225.
^Bose, M.N.; Kumaran, K.P.N.; Baneiji, J. (1982). "Pachypteris haburensisn. sp. and other plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation". Palaeobotanist. 30 (1): 1–11.
^ abKnowlton, Frank Hall (1913). "Description of a new fossil fern of the genus Gleichenia from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 45 (1994): 555–558. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.45-1994.555.
^Vera, Ezequiel I.; Passalia, Mauro G. (2012). "Korallipteris, a new genus for Mesozoic Gleichenia-like fern fronds". Geobios. 45 (4): 421–428. Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..421V. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2011.09.002. hdl:11336/68155.
^Jana, Brajendra Nath; King, Sarah C.; Hilton, Jason (2013-09-05). "Revision of the Cretaceous fossil plant-assemblage from Gardeshwar (Gujarat, India): A conifer dominated floral association from an Upper Gondwana sequence on the West Coast of India". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 73: 128–138. Bibcode:2013JAESc..73..128J. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.021. ISSN 1367-9120.
^Herendeen, Patrick S.; Skog, Judith E. (1998). "Gleichenia chaloneri-a New Fossil Fern from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of England". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 159 (5): 870–879. doi:10.1086/297609. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 84898595.
^"Helechos". Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
^Hassler, Michael (2004–2023). "Gleichenia Smith". World Plants: Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. 15.1. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
^Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC9449725. PMID 36092417.
^"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
External linksedit
Smith's original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg
This Polypodiidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
gleichenia, genus, ferns, closest, relative, genus, stromatopteris, restricted, caledonia, microphylla, mornington, peninsula, victoriascientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tracheophytesdivision, polypodiophytaclass, polypodiopsidaorder, lesfamily, . Gleichenia is a genus of ferns 2 Its closest relative is the genus Stromatopteris 3 restricted to New Caledonia GleicheniaGleichenia microphylla Mornington Peninsula VictoriaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesDivision PolypodiophytaClass PolypodiopsidaOrder GleichenialesFamily GleicheniaceaeGenus GleicheniaSm Type speciesGleichenia polypodioides L SmithSpeciesSee textSynonyms 1 Calymella K B Presl 1836 Gleicheniastrum K B Presl 1847 Contents 1 Description 2 Fossil record 3 Species 4 References 5 External linksDescription editThese ferns have creeping rhizomes The compound eaves fork multiple times with the final leaf lobes ending in a pinnate arrangement The sori are found at the bottom of the leaves and are made of a few sporangia They are not covered by an indusium protective covering 4 The sori occur in a unique chamber in the laminar pits a feature found only in this genus 5 Fossil record edit nbsp Gleichenia dicarpa leavesThe fossil record indicates that this genus had emerged by the late Jurassic period although it was far more common in the early Cretaceous period 6 There is some evidence that it may have emerged even earlier in the upper Triassic period 7 There are however multiple genera in the fossil record that show a similar leaf branching pattern to Gleichenia which can make it difficult to determine the exact identity of a specimen that does not have adequately preserved fruiting bodies 8 Fossils have been found in across a wide geographic range including The Pariwar formation in India Jurassic Cretaceous boundary Gardeshwar in India early Cretaceous 9 The Silty Beds of Bedfordshire in England early Albian age early Cretaceous 10 The USA Cretaceous 7 New South Wales Australia Miocene epoch Neogene period 5 Species editThe following species are recognised as of February 2023 1 2 11 12 Phylogeny of Gleichenia 13 14 Gleichenia polypodioides L Sm Gleichenia alpina R Br Gleichenia dicarpa R Br Pouched coral fern tangle fern Gleichenia microphylla R Br Scrambling coral fern parasol fern umbrella fern Gleichenia mendellii G Schneid S B AndrewsGleichenia rupestris R Br Gleichenia abscida RodwayGleichenia inclusisora Perrie L D Sheph amp BrownseyUnassigned species Gleichenia alstonii Holttum Gleichenia elongata Baker Gleichenia matthewii Holttum Gleichenia paleacea Copel Holttum Gleichenia peltophora Copel Gleichenia punctulata Colenso Gleichenia vulcanica BlumeReferences edit a b Gleichenia Global Biodiversity Information Facility Retrieved 22 February 2023 a b Genus Gleichenia PlantNET New South Wales Flora Online Royal Botanic Gardens amp Domain Trust Sydney Australia Retrieved 2009 01 26 Pryer K M E Schuettpelz P G Wolf H Schneider A R Smith and R Cranfill 2004 Phylogeny and Evolution of Ferns Monilophytes with a Focus on the Early Leptosporangiate Divergences American Journal of Botany 91 10 1582 98 Levyns M R 1966 A Guide to the Flora of the Cape Peninsula 2nd Revised ed Juta amp Company Limited OCLC 621340 a b Cantrill David J Ohlsen Daniel McCurry Matthew R Frese Michael 2023 03 01 Gleichenia nagalingumiae sp nov a remarkably well preserved fossil species with in situ spores from the Miocene of Australia Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 310 104823 Bibcode 2023RPaPa 31004823C doi 10 1016 j revpalbo 2022 104823 ISSN 0034 6667 S2CID 254620225 Bose M N Kumaran K P N Baneiji J 1982 Pachypteris haburensisn sp and other plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation Palaeobotanist 30 1 1 11 a b Knowlton Frank Hall 1913 Description of a new fossil fern of the genus Gleichenia from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming PDF Proceedings of the United States National Museum 45 1994 555 558 doi 10 5479 si 00963801 45 1994 555 Vera Ezequiel I Passalia Mauro G 2012 Korallipteris a new genus for Mesozoic Gleichenia like fern fronds Geobios 45 4 421 428 Bibcode 2012Geobi 45 421V doi 10 1016 j geobios 2011 09 002 hdl 11336 68155 Jana Brajendra Nath King Sarah C Hilton Jason 2013 09 05 Revision of the Cretaceous fossil plant assemblage from Gardeshwar Gujarat India A conifer dominated floral association from an Upper Gondwana sequence on the West Coast of India Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 73 128 138 Bibcode 2013JAESc 73 128J doi 10 1016 j jseaes 2013 04 021 ISSN 1367 9120 Herendeen Patrick S Skog Judith E 1998 Gleichenia chaloneri a New Fossil Fern from the Lower Cretaceous Albian of England International Journal of Plant Sciences 159 5 870 879 doi 10 1086 297609 ISSN 1058 5893 S2CID 84898595 Helechos Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena Retrieved 2013 03 26 Hassler Michael 2004 2023 Gleichenia Smith World Plants Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora 15 1 Retrieved 2023 03 08 Nitta Joel H Schuettpelz Eric Ramirez Barahona Santiago Iwasaki Wataru et al 2022 An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life Frontiers in Plant Science 13 909768 doi 10 3389 fpls 2022 909768 PMC 9449725 PMID 36092417 Tree viewer interactive visualization of FTOL FTOL v1 5 0 GenBank release 256 2023 Retrieved 17 August 2023 External links editSmith s original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg nbsp This Polypodiidae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gleichenia amp oldid 1185520484, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
