The genus Leptolepis was for a long time used as a wastebasket taxon for various small, unspecialised teleosts that did not form a natural clade. In 1974 the Swedish ichthyologist Orvar Nybelin revised the genus, restricting it to seven species from the Early to Middle Jurassic of Europe. Other species were reassigned to different genera.[2]
Leptolepis autissiodorensisSauvage, 1892
Leptolepis coryphaenoides(Bronn, 1830)
Leptolepis jaegeriAgassiz, 1832
Leptolepis nathorstiWoodward, 1900
Leptolepis normandicaNybelin, 1962
Leptolepis saltviciensisSimpson, 1855
Leptolepis woodwardiNybelin, 1974
Species formerly placed in Leptolepisedit
Leptolepis talbragarensisWoodward, 1895 (Now referred to Cavenderichthys)
Leptolepis koonwarriWaldman, 1971 (Now referred to Waldmanichthys)[3]
Appearanceedit
Reconstruction of Leptolepis being predated by Clarkeiteuthis
Length of Leptolepis was about 8.5 centimetres (3.3 in) long,[4] and superficially resembled the unrelated modern herring. While more basal teleosts such as Pholidophorus had skeletons composed of a mixture of bone and cartilage, Leptolepis resembled modern teleosts in possessing a skeleton completely made of bone.[5] Another modern development in Leptolepis were its cycloid scales, which lacked the covering of ganoine present in more basal teleosts. These two developments made swimming easier, as the bony spine was now more resistant to the pressure caused by the S movements made while swimming.[6]
Mass graves of Leptolepis have indicated that species probably lived in schools which would provide some protection from predators while the creatures fed on surface plankton. Pelagosaurus was a known predator of Leptolepis, as a Pelagosaurus fossil was found with Leptolepis remains in its stomach.[7]Clarkeiteuthis is known from three specimens with Leptolepis in its arms, which estimate that Leptolepis is probably most common prey of Clarkeiteuthis.
The Morrison cf. Leptolepisedit
Known only from a single nearly complete skeleton found at Rabbit Valley, Colorado.[8] A 13 centimetres (5 in) fish that was deeper bodied than its co-occurring contemporaries Morrolepis and Hulettia.[8] The Morrison cf. Leptolepis probably had a live mass of about 37 grams (1.3 oz).[8] It is the only teleost fish known from the formation and was morphologically more highly derived than other Morrison fish.[8] A specific example of apomorphy in cf. Leptolepis is its "more modern tail structure" compared to Morrolepis.[8] It is believed to have fed on fish and small invertebrates.[8]
Referencesedit
^Roberts, George (1839). An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. 115. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
^ abKonwert, M.; Stumpf, S. (2017). "Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany)". Zootaxa. 4243 (2): 249–296. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2. PMID 28610149.
^Sferco, Emilia, Adriana López-Arbarello, and Ana María Báez. "Phylogenetic relationships of† Luisiella feruglioi (Bordas) and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana." BMC Evolutionary Biology 15.1 (2015): 1.
^Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 39. ISBN1-84028-152-9.
^Pierce, Stephanie E.; Benton, Michael J. (2006). "Pelagosaurus typus Bronn, 1841 (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) from the Upper Lias (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of Somerset, England" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 621–635. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[621:PTBMTF]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 131524957.
^ abcdefFoster, J. (2007). "cf. Leptolepis." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. p. 135.
Bibliographyedit
Silva Santos, R. (1958) - Leptolepis diasii, novo peixe fossil da Serra do Araripe, Brasil”. Boletim da Divisa˜o de Geologia e Mineralogia do Departamento Nacional de Produc¸a˜o Mineral, Notas Preliminares, Brazil 108, 1–15. o, Kiadó: Departamento Nacional de Produc¸a˜o Mineral.
Maisey, J.. Santana fossils, an illustrated atlas. Neptune City, New Jersey, USA: T.F.H. Publications (1991)
Silva Santos, R. (1995) - Santanichthys, novo epı´teto gene´rico para Leptolepis diasii Silva Santos, 1958 (Pisces, Teleostei) da Formac¸a˜o Santana (Aptiano), Bacia do Araripe, NE do Brasil”. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Cieˆncias, Brazil 67, 249–258. o, Kiadó: Academia Brasileira de Cieˆncias.
Filleul, Arnaud, John G. Maisey (2004) - Redescription of Santanichthys diasii (Otophysi, Characiformes) from the Albian of the Santana Formation and Comments on Its Implications for Otophysan Relationships”. American Museum Novitates, New York, NY, USA 3455, American Museum of Natural History
leptolepis, from, greek, λεπτός, leptós, slight, greek, λεπίς, lepis, scale, extinct, genus, stem, teleost, fish, that, lived, what, europe, during, jurassic, period, toarcian, callovian, ages, temporal, range, toarcian, callovian, preꞒ, nfossil, coryphaenoide. Leptolepis from Greek leptos leptos slight and Greek lepis lepis scale 1 is an extinct genus of stem teleost fish that lived in what is now Europe during the Jurassic period Toarcian Callovian ages 2 LeptolepisTemporal range Toarcian Callovian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NFossil of L coryphaenoidesScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder LeptolepiformesFamily LeptolepidaeGenus LeptolepisAgassiz 1843Type speciesCyprinus coryphaenoidesBronn 1830 Contents 1 Species 1 1 Species formerly placed in Leptolepis 2 Appearance 3 The Morrison cf Leptolepis 4 References 5 BibliographySpecies editThe genus Leptolepis was for a long time used as a wastebasket taxon for various small unspecialised teleosts that did not form a natural clade In 1974 the Swedish ichthyologist Orvar Nybelin revised the genus restricting it to seven species from the Early to Middle Jurassic of Europe Other species were reassigned to different genera 2 Leptolepis autissiodorensis Sauvage 1892 Leptolepis coryphaenoides Bronn 1830 Leptolepis jaegeri Agassiz 1832 Leptolepis nathorsti Woodward 1900 Leptolepis normandica Nybelin 1962 Leptolepis saltviciensis Simpson 1855 Leptolepis woodwardi Nybelin 1974Species formerly placed in Leptolepis edit Leptolepis talbragarensis Woodward 1895 Now referred to Cavenderichthys Leptolepis koonwarri Waldman 1971 Now referred to Waldmanichthys 3 Appearance edit nbsp Reconstruction of Leptolepis being predated by ClarkeiteuthisLength of Leptolepis was about 8 5 centimetres 3 3 in long 4 and superficially resembled the unrelated modern herring While more basal teleosts such as Pholidophorus had skeletons composed of a mixture of bone and cartilage Leptolepis resembled modern teleosts in possessing a skeleton completely made of bone 5 Another modern development in Leptolepis were its cycloid scales which lacked the covering of ganoine present in more basal teleosts These two developments made swimming easier as the bony spine was now more resistant to the pressure caused by the S movements made while swimming 6 Mass graves of Leptolepis have indicated that species probably lived in schools which would provide some protection from predators while the creatures fed on surface plankton Pelagosaurus was a known predator of Leptolepis as a Pelagosaurus fossil was found with Leptolepis remains in its stomach 7 Clarkeiteuthis is known from three specimens with Leptolepis in its arms which estimate that Leptolepis is probably most common prey of Clarkeiteuthis The Morrison cf Leptolepis editKnown only from a single nearly complete skeleton found at Rabbit Valley Colorado 8 A 13 centimetres 5 in fish that was deeper bodied than its co occurring contemporaries Morrolepis and Hulettia 8 The Morrison cf Leptolepis probably had a live mass of about 37 grams 1 3 oz 8 It is the only teleost fish known from the formation and was morphologically more highly derived than other Morrison fish 8 A specific example of apomorphy in cf Leptolepis is its more modern tail structure compared to Morrolepis 8 It is believed to have fed on fish and small invertebrates 8 References edit Roberts George 1839 An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology London Longman Orme Brown Green amp Longmans p 115 Retrieved 31 December 2021 a b Konwert M Stumpf S 2017 Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae Actinopterygii Teleostei from the late Early Jurassic Fossil Lagerstatten of Grimmen and Dobbertin Mecklenburg Western Pomerania Germany Zootaxa 4243 2 249 296 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4243 2 2 PMID 28610149 Sferco Emilia Adriana Lopez Arbarello and Ana Maria Baez Phylogenetic relationships of Luisiella feruglioi Bordas and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana BMC Evolutionary Biology 15 1 2015 1 Cavin Lionel Piuz Andre Ferrante Christophe Guinot Guillaume 2021 06 03 Giant Mesozoic coelacanths Osteichthyes Actinistia reveal high body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity Scientific Reports 11 1 11812 Bibcode 2021NatSR 1111812C doi 10 1038 s41598 021 90962 5 ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 8175595 PMID 34083600 The virtual petrified wood museum Palmer D ed 1999 The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals London Marshall Editions p 39 ISBN 1 84028 152 9 Pierce Stephanie E Benton Michael J 2006 Pelagosaurus typus Bronn 1841 Mesoeucrocodylia Thalattosuchia from the Upper Lias Toarcian Lower Jurassic of Somerset England PDF Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 3 621 635 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2006 26 621 PTBMTF 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 131524957 a b c d e f Foster J 2007 cf Leptolepis Jurassic West The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World Indiana University Press p 135 Bibliography editSilva Santos R 1958 Leptolepis diasii novo peixe fossil da Serra do Araripe Brasil Boletim da Divisa o de Geologia e Mineralogia do Departamento Nacional de Produc a o Mineral Notas Preliminares Brazil 108 1 15 o Kiado Departamento Nacional de Produc a o Mineral Maisey J Santana fossils an illustrated atlas Neptune City New Jersey USA T F H Publications 1991 Silva Santos R 1995 Santanichthys novo epi teto gene rico para Leptolepis diasii Silva Santos 1958 Pisces Teleostei da Formac a o Santana Aptiano Bacia do Araripe NE do Brasil Anais da Academia Brasileira de Cieˆncias Brazil 67 249 258 o Kiado Academia Brasileira de Cieˆncias Filleul Arnaud John G Maisey 2004 Redescription of Santanichthys diasii Otophysi Characiformes from the Albian of the Santana Formation and Comments on Its Implications for Otophysan Relationships American Museum Novitates New York NY USA 3455 American Museum of Natural History nbsp Paleontology portal nbsp Fish portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leptolepis amp oldid 1139306052, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
