Pholidophorus (from Greek: φολῐ́ςpholis, 'horny scale' and Greek: φέρωphérō, 'to bear')[1] is an extinct genus of stem-teleost fish. Numerous species were assigned to this genus in the past, but only the type speciesPholidophorus latiusculus, from the Late Triassic of Europe, is considered to be a valid member of the genus today.[2][3]
The genus Pholidophorus for a long time served as a wastebasket taxon containing various unrelated species of basal stem-teleosts. Over the years, many of these have been moved to separate genera. The Late Jurassic nominal species "Pholidophorus" purbeckensis was renamed Ichthyokentema by Arthur Woodward in 1941.[4] Likewise, the Early Jurassic form "Pholidophorus" bechei was renamed Dorsetichthys and moved to its own family, Dorsetichthyidae, by Arratia (2013).[5] The nominal species "Pholidophorus" friedeni Delsate, 1999 and "Pholidophorus" gervasuttii Zambelli, 1980 were renamed Luxembourgichthys and Lombardichthys by Taverne and Steurbaut (2017) and Arratia (2017) respectively.[6][2]
Description
Pholidophorus was a herring-like fish about 40 centimetres (16 in) long, although it was not closely related to modern herring. Like them, however, it had a single dorsal fin, a symmetrical tail, and an anal fin placed towards the rear of the body. It had large eyes and was probably a fast-swimming predator, hunting planktoniccrustaceans and smaller fish.[7]
A very early teleost, Pholidophorus had many primitive characteristics such as ganoid scales and a spine that was partially composed of cartilage, rather than bone.[7]
References
^Roberts, G. (1839). An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. 133. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
^ abArratia, G. (2017). "New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1312690. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690. S2CID 89773927.
^Taverne, L. (2018). "The Mesozoic fish genus Pholidophorus (Teleostei, Pholidophoriformes), with an osteological study of the type-species Pholidophorus latiusculus. Comments on some problems concerning the "pholidophoriform" fishes" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 42 (1): 89–116.
^Griffith, J.; Patterson, C. (1963). "The structure and relationships of the Jurassic fish Ichthyokentema purbeckensis". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. 8 (1): 1–43. doi:10.5962/p.313875.
^Arratia, G. (2013). "Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (sup1): 1–138. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.835642. S2CID 86605978.
^Taverne, L.; Steurbaut, E. (2017). "Osteology and relationships of Luxembourgichthys ("Pholidophorus") friedeni gen. nov. (Teleostei, "Pholidophoriformes") from the Lower Jurassic of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg". Geologica Belgica. 20 (1–2): 53–67. doi:10.20341/gb.2017.003.
^ abPalmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. pp. 38–39. ISBN1-84028-152-9.
pholidophorus, from, greek, φολῐ, pholis, horny, scale, greek, φέρω, phérō, bear, extinct, genus, stem, teleost, fish, numerous, species, were, assigned, this, genus, past, only, type, species, latiusculus, from, late, triassic, europe, considered, valid, memb. Pholidophorus from Greek folῐ s pholis horny scale and Greek ferw pherō to bear 1 is an extinct genus of stem teleost fish Numerous species were assigned to this genus in the past but only the type species Pholidophorus latiusculus from the Late Triassic of Europe is considered to be a valid member of the genus today 2 3 PholidophorusTemporal range Norian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NPholidophorus granulatus fossilScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder PholidophoriformesFamily PholidophoridaeGenus PholidophorusAgassiz 1832Species P latiusculusBinomial name Pholidophorus latiusculusAgassiz 1832Taxonomy EditThe genus Pholidophorus for a long time served as a wastebasket taxon containing various unrelated species of basal stem teleosts Over the years many of these have been moved to separate genera The Late Jurassic nominal species Pholidophorus purbeckensis was renamed Ichthyokentema by Arthur Woodward in 1941 4 Likewise the Early Jurassic form Pholidophorus bechei was renamed Dorsetichthys and moved to its own family Dorsetichthyidae by Arratia 2013 5 The nominal species Pholidophorus friedeni Delsate 1999 and Pholidophorus gervasuttii Zambelli 1980 were renamed Luxembourgichthys and Lombardichthys by Taverne and Steurbaut 2017 and Arratia 2017 respectively 6 2 Description EditPholidophorus was a herring like fish about 40 centimetres 16 in long although it was not closely related to modern herring Like them however it had a single dorsal fin a symmetrical tail and an anal fin placed towards the rear of the body It had large eyes and was probably a fast swimming predator hunting planktonic crustaceans and smaller fish 7 A very early teleost Pholidophorus had many primitive characteristics such as ganoid scales and a spine that was partially composed of cartilage rather than bone 7 References Edit Roberts G 1839 An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology London Longman Orme Brown Green amp Longmans p 133 Retrieved 31 December 2021 a b Arratia G 2017 New Triassic teleosts Actinopterygii Teleosteomorpha from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 2 e1312690 doi 10 1080 02724634 2017 1312690 S2CID 89773927 Taverne L 2018 The Mesozoic fish genus Pholidophorus Teleostei Pholidophoriformes with an osteological study of the type species Pholidophorus latiusculus Comments on some problems concerning the pholidophoriform fishes PDF Geo Eco Trop 42 1 89 116 Griffith J Patterson C 1963 The structure and relationships of the Jurassic fish Ichthyokentema purbeckensis Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History Geology 8 1 1 43 doi 10 5962 p 313875 Arratia G 2013 Morphology taxonomy and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes Actinopterygii Teleostei Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 sup1 1 138 doi 10 1080 02724634 2013 835642 S2CID 86605978 Taverne L Steurbaut E 2017 Osteology and relationships of Luxembourgichthys Pholidophorus friedeni gen nov Teleostei Pholidophoriformes from the Lower Jurassic of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Geologica Belgica 20 1 2 53 67 doi 10 20341 gb 2017 003 a b Palmer D ed 1999 The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals London Marshall Editions pp 38 39 ISBN 1 84028 152 9 Paleontology portal This article about a prehistoric ray finned fish is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This article about a Triassic fish is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pholidophorus amp oldid 1143156456, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
