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San Vitale, Rome

April 05, 2024

For the basilica with the same name in Ravenna, see Basilica of San Vitale.

The early Christian imperial basilica of the Saints Martyrs Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio and Protasio known more commonly as the basilica of San Vitale and Compagni Martiri in Fovea (Roman Parish) or more simply as San Vitale al Quirinale. It is the oldest Catholic place of worship in the historic center of Rome, located in via Nazionale. The imperial basilica of San Vitale al Quirinale, built under the pontificate of Pope Siricius after 386 and consecrated and richly decorated by Pope Innocent in 402 (Luigi Hutter and Vincenzo Golzino) is the first public Christian basilica with a baptistery (still not found) not founded on pre-existing pagan temples, mentioned in the Liber pontificalis, built by the Emperor Theodosius at the behest of Saint Ambrose of Milan, in honor of the miraculous discovery of the bodies of martyrs Gervasius and Protasius in Milan. It is the most frescoed basilica in Rome.

Basilica of Sts. Vitalis, Valeris, Gervase and Protase
Basilica Ss. Vitalis, Valeriae, Gervasii et Protasii(in Latin)
Basilica di Santi Vitale e Compagni Martiri in Fovea(in Italian)
Façade of the Basilica of San Vitale
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′58.8″N 12°29′27.1″E / 41.899667°N 12.490861°E / 41.899667; 12.490861
LocationVia Nazionale 194/B, Rome
CountryItaly
DenominationRoman Catholic
TraditionRoman Rite
Website
History
StatusMinor basilica, titular church
DedicationVitalis of Milan, Valeria of Milan, Gervasius and Protasius
ConsecratedAD 401
Architecture
Architectural typeChurch
StylePaleochristian
Groundbreakingca. 400
Specifications
Length60 metres (200 ft)
Width18 metres (59 ft)
Clergy
Cardinal protectorAdam Maida

History edit

The basilica was built in 400 with funds provided by Vestina, a wealthy widow,[1] and was consecrated by Pope Innocent I in 401/402. It was dedicated to Ss. Gervasius and Protasius, and called the "titulus Vestinae". The dedication to St. Vitalis and his family (Saint Valeria, his wife, and Sts. Gervasius and Protasius, their sons) is dated to 412.[2] This church is recorded as Titulus Vestinae in the acts of the 499 synod of Pope Symmachus, and three priests from the church subscribed their names.[3]

San Vitale was restored several times, most importantly when it was extensively rebuilt by Pope Sixtus IV before the Jubilee of 1475.[4] Other interventions took place in 1512 under Cardinal del Monte;[5] in 1598, in 1859 by the generosity of Pope Pius IX;[6] in 1938 and 1960. Because of changes in the city over the centuries, the floor level of the church is now several metres below the level of the street on which it is located, the present-day via Nazionale.

Customs edit

Free bread was distributed to the poor by the church every Friday, according to the will of a gentleman from the Marches, Francesco Silla.[7]

Architectural and Artistic Features edit

Exterior edit

The portico is the most ancient part of the church, possibly dating back to the 5th century. It was altered at the end of the 16th century. The inscription on the portico, with the arms of Pope Sixtus IV, dates from this time. Pope Pius IX built the staircase to the 5th century portico in 1859.

Interior edit

 
The altar and painting

The church has a single nave, with walls frescoed with scenes of martyrdom, among which a Martyrdom of St Ignatius of Antioch, in which a ruined Colosseum is depicted. The apse, a surviving part of the original 5th century church, is decorated with a fresco by Andrea Commodi, The Ascent to Calvary.

Cardinal Priests edit

Among the cardinals who previously took their title from the church were: John Fisher, executed for treason in 1535 by Henry VIII of England; and Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, who became Pope Julius III (1550–1555). The titulus was suppressed by Pope Clement VIII in 1596. It was united with the nearby Jesuit church of S. Andrea.[8]

The titulus was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1880, with the appointment of Cardinal Andon Bedros IX Hassoun. The current Cardinal Priest is Cardinal Adam Maida.

  • Caelius Januarius (attested 499)[9]
...
  • Lictifredus (attested 1128–1130; 1133–1140)[10]
  • Matthaeus (1130)
  • Thomas (1141–1146)
  • Theodinus (1166–1179)[11]
...

Restored title edit

References edit

  1. ^ David Hunt, Chapter VIII of The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XIII, p.251
  2. ^ Mariano Armellini, le chiese di Roma, dalle loro origine sino al secolo XVI (Roma: Tip. ed. Romana 1887), pp. 244-245.
  3. ^ J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus VIII (Florence: A. Zatta 1762), p. 236.
  4. ^ Forcella XI, p. 221, no. 356.
  5. ^ Forcella XI, p. 221, no. 357.
  6. ^ Forcella XI, p. 222, no. 358.
  7. ^ Armellini, p. 245. Silla was a notary, and served as private secretary to Cardinal Guglielmo Sirleto (1514-1585).
  8. ^ Gauchat, p. 50. Forcella XI, p. 219.
  9. ^ Caelius Januarius subscribed the acts of the Roman synod of Pope Gelasius II in 499. Mansi (ed.) VIII, p. 236: "Caelius Januarius Presbyter tituli Vestinae his consensi et subscripsi synodalibus constitutis, atque in hac ... manere profiteor sententia." The document is also signed by Soranus, presbyter tituli Vestinae, and Opilio, presbyter tituli Vestinae.
  10. ^ J. Brixius, p. 36, 146. Lictifredus joined the Obedience of Anacletus II in 1130, and was replaced by Matthaeus of the Obedience of Innocent II (1130–1133).
  11. ^ Brixius, pp. 66, 146.
  12. ^ C. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica, 2nd ed. (Münster: Typ. Lib. Regensbergianae 1913) I, pp. 3, note 1, no. 23; 48. Gregorius Crescenzi had earlier been Cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro (1188–1202).
  13. ^ Pierre de la Chapelle Taillefert, bishop of Toulouse. Eubel I, p. 48.
  14. ^ Nicolaus was promoted Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum (1361–1368). Eubel I, pp. 38, 48.
  15. ^ Eubel I, pp. 28, no. 24; 48.
  16. ^ Schaumberg was bishop of Augsburg. Eubel II, p. 8; p. 36, no. 289; p. 65.
  17. ^ Despuig was archbishop of Monreale in Sicily. He was transferred to the titular church of Santa Sabina on 12 December 1477. Eubel II, pp. 17 no. 5; 65.
  18. ^ Della Rovere was a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV. He died on 1 February 1478. Eubel II, pp. 18 no. 16; 65.
  19. ^ Domenico was the brother of Cristoforo. He was transferred to the church of San Clemente on 13 August 1479. Eubel II, pp. 18 no. 23; 65.
  20. ^ Ferry was transferred to Santa Maria in Domnica. He died on 7 October 1483. Eubel II, pp. 19 no. 26; 65.
  21. ^ Margarit was the ambassador of the king of Castile to the pope. On 17 March 1484, Margarit was transferred to the church of Santa Balbina. He died on 21 November 1484. Eubel II, pp. 19 no. 31; 65.
  22. ^ Eubel II, pp. 19 no. 29; 65.
  23. ^ Eubel II, pp. 22 no. 10; 65.
  24. ^ Serra was transferred to the church of San Clemente on 28 June 1502. Eubel II, pp. 24 no. 25; 65.
  25. ^ Ferrero was transferred to the church of Santi Sergio e Bacco al Foro Romano on 17 December 1505. He died in 1510. Eubel II, pp. 24 no. 34; 65. Eubel III, p. 71.
  26. ^ Ferrero: Eubel III, pp. 10 no. 8; 71.
  27. ^ De Prie was transferred to the titular church of Santa Sabina on 17 March 1511. Eubel III, pp. 11 no. 15; 71.
  28. ^ Del Monte was transferred to the titular church of Santa Prassede on 14 July 1514. Eubel III, pp. 12 no. 20; 71.
  29. ^ Eubel III, pp. 15 no. 9; 71.
  30. ^ Grimani was transferred to the titular church of San Marcello al Corso on 12 November 1532. Eubel III, pp. 19 no. 5; 71.
  31. ^ Merino was transferred to the titular church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio on 5 September 1534. Eubel III, pp. 21 no. 28; 71.
  32. ^ Fisher, who was imprisoned in the Tower of London, was named cardinal on 31 May 1535, and died on 22 June 1535. Eubel III, pp. 24 no. 6; 71.
  33. ^ Contarini was transferred to the titular church of Santa Balbina on 15 January 1537. Eubel III, pp. 24 no. 8; 71.
  34. ^ Eubel III, pp. 24 no. 11; 31; 71.
  35. ^ Morone was transferred to the titular church of San Stefano on 25 February 1549. Eubel III, pp. 27 no. 40; 71.
  36. ^ Ferrero died on 14 August 1549. Eubel III, pp. 31 no. 70; 71.
  37. ^ Ricci: Eubel III, pp. 32 no. 6; 71.
  38. ^ Pisani was transferred to the titular church of San Marco on 2 June 1568. Eubel III, pp. 40 no. 29; 71.
  39. ^ Cornaro was transferred to the titular church of San Clemente on 9 February 1569. Eubel III, pp. 33 no. 15; 71.
  40. ^ Cervantes was appointed on 9 June, and transferred on 16 June to San Martino ai Monti. Eubel III, pp. 44 no. 7; 71.
  41. ^ Cesi: Eubel III, pp. 44 no. 9; 71.
  42. ^ 14 January to 20 April 1587. Eubel III, pp. 51 no. 14; 71.
  43. ^ Eubel III, pp. 52 no. 20; 71.
  44. ^ Bräuer, p. 121.
  45. ^ Bräuer, p. 130.
  46. ^ Bräuer, p. 153.
  47. ^ Bräuer, p. 193.
  48. ^ Bräuer, p. 223.
  49. ^ Bräuer, p. 261.
  50. ^ Bräuer, p. 287.
  51. ^ Bräuer, p. 313.
  52. ^ Bräuer, p. 331.
  53. ^ Bräuer, p. 379.
  54. ^ Bräuer, p. 566.

Bibliography edit

  • Armellini, Mariano (1891). Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX (in Italian). Roma: Edizioni del Pasquino. pp. 187–189.
  • Bräuer, Martin (2014). Handbuch der Kardinäle: 1846-2012 (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-026947-5.
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 2 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). Eubel, Conradus (ed.). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 3 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Forcella, Vencenzo (1877). Le inscrizioni delle chiese e d'altri edifici di Roma Volume XI (Roma: L. Cecchini 1877). (in Latin and Italian)
  • Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica. Vol. Tomus IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana.
  • Krautheimer, Richard; Spencer Corbett; Volfango Frankl (1970). Corpus basilicarum Christianarum Romae: Le basiliche cristiane antiche di Roma. Monumenti di antichità cristiana : ser. 2, v. 2. Citta del Vaticano: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana. pp. 313 ff.

External links edit

      Media related to San Vitale (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

    Preceded by
    Santa Teresa, Rome     		Landmarks of Rome
    San Vitale, Rome     		Succeeded by
    Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi

    April 05, 2024
    vitale, rome, basilica, with, same, name, ravenna, basilica, vitale, early, christian, imperial, basilica, saints, martyrs, vitale, valeria, gervasio, protasio, known, more, commonly, basilica, vitale, compagni, martiri, fovea, roman, parish, more, simply, vit. For the basilica with the same name in Ravenna see Basilica of San Vitale The early Christian imperial basilica of the Saints Martyrs Vitale Valeria Gervasio and Protasio known more commonly as the basilica of San Vitale and Compagni Martiri in Fovea Roman Parish or more simply as San Vitale al Quirinale It is the oldest Catholic place of worship in the historic center of Rome located in via Nazionale The imperial basilica of San Vitale al Quirinale built under the pontificate of Pope Siricius after 386 and consecrated and richly decorated by Pope Innocent in 402 Luigi Hutter and Vincenzo Golzino is the first public Christian basilica with a baptistery still not found not founded on pre existing pagan temples mentioned in the Liber pontificalis built by the Emperor Theodosius at the behest of Saint Ambrose of Milan in honor of the miraculous discovery of the bodies of martyrs Gervasius and Protasius in Milan It is the most frescoed basilica in Rome Basilica of Sts Vitalis Valeris Gervase and ProtaseBasilica Ss Vitalis Valeriae Gervasii et Protasii in Latin Basilica di Santi Vitale e Compagni Martiri in Fovea in Italian Facade of the Basilica of San VitaleClick on the map for a fullscreen view41 53 58 8 N 12 29 27 1 E 41 899667 N 12 490861 E 41 899667 12 490861LocationVia Nazionale 194 B RomeCountryItalyDenominationRoman CatholicTraditionRoman RiteWebsiteOfficial websiteHistoryStatusMinor basilica titular churchDedicationVitalis of Milan Valeria of Milan Gervasius and ProtasiusConsecratedAD 401ArchitectureArchitectural typeChurchStylePaleochristianGroundbreakingca 400SpecificationsLength60 metres 200 ft Width18 metres 59 ft ClergyCardinal protectorAdam Maida Contents 1 History 1 1 Customs 2 Architectural and Artistic Features 2 1 Exterior 2 2 Interior 3 Cardinal Priests 3 1 Restored title 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory editThe basilica was built in 400 with funds provided by Vestina a wealthy widow 1 and was consecrated by Pope Innocent I in 401 402 It was dedicated to Ss Gervasius and Protasius and called the titulus Vestinae The dedication to St Vitalis and his family Saint Valeria his wife and Sts Gervasius and Protasius their sons is dated to 412 2 This church is recorded as Titulus Vestinae in the acts of the 499 synod of Pope Symmachus and three priests from the church subscribed their names 3 San Vitale was restored several times most importantly when it was extensively rebuilt by Pope Sixtus IV before the Jubilee of 1475 4 Other interventions took place in 1512 under Cardinal del Monte 5 in 1598 in 1859 by the generosity of Pope Pius IX 6 in 1938 and 1960 Because of changes in the city over the centuries the floor level of the church is now several metres below the level of the street on which it is located the present day via Nazionale Customs edit Free bread was distributed to the poor by the church every Friday according to the will of a gentleman from the Marches Francesco Silla 7 Architectural and Artistic Features editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources San Vitale Rome news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Exterior edit The portico is the most ancient part of the church possibly dating back to the 5th century It was altered at the end of the 16th century The inscription on the portico with the arms of Pope Sixtus IV dates from this time Pope Pius IX built the staircase to the 5th century portico in 1859 Interior edit nbsp The altar and paintingThe church has a single nave with walls frescoed with scenes of martyrdom among which a Martyrdom of St Ignatius of Antioch in which a ruined Colosseum is depicted The apse a surviving part of the original 5th century church is decorated with a fresco by Andrea Commodi The Ascent to Calvary Cardinal Priests editAmong the cardinals who previously took their title from the church were John Fisher executed for treason in 1535 by Henry VIII of England and Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte who became Pope Julius III 1550 1555 The titulus was suppressed by Pope Clement VIII in 1596 It was united with the nearby Jesuit church of S Andrea 8 The titulus was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1880 with the appointment of Cardinal Andon Bedros IX Hassoun The current Cardinal Priest is Cardinal Adam Maida Caelius Januarius attested 499 9 dd Lictifredus attested 1128 1130 1133 1140 10 Matthaeus 1130 Thomas 1141 1146 Theodinus 1166 1179 11 dd Gregorius 1202 1207 12 Joannes de Castrocoeli 1294 1295 Petrus de Capella 1305 1306 13 Jacques Duese 1312 1313 Bertrand de la Tour O Min 1320 1323 Joannes de Convenis Jean de Comminges 1327 1331 Elias de Nabinalis O Min 1342 1348 Nicolaus Capocci 1350 1361 14 Guillaume de Chanac O S B 1371 1383 Jean de Muriolo Murol 1385 1399 Avignon Obedience 15 Peter von Schaumberg 1440 1469 16 Ausias Despuig 1473 1477 17 Cristoforo della Rovere 1477 1478 18 Domenico della Rovere 1478 1479 19 Ferry de Clugny 1480 1482 20 Joan Margarit i Pau 1483 1484 21 Giovanni Conti 1489 1493 22 Raymond Peraudi 1496 1499 23 Jaime Serra i Cau 1500 1502 24 Gianstefano Ferrero 1502 1505 25 Antonio Ferrero 1505 1508 26 Rene de Prie 1509 1511 27 Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte 1511 1514 28 Francesco Conti 1517 1521 29 Marino Grimani 1528 1532 30 Esteban Gabriel Merino 1533 1534 31 John Fisher 1535 32 Gasparo Contarini 1535 1537 33 Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte 1537 1542 34 Giovanni Morone 1542 1549 35 Filiberto Ferrero 1549 36 Giovanni Ricci 1551 1566 37 Luigi Pisani 1566 1568 38 Luigi Cornaro 1568 1569 39 Gaspar Cervantes June 1570 40 Pietro Donato Cesi 1570 1584 41 Costanzo da Sarnano O Min Conv 1587 42 Antonio Sauli 1588 1591 43 Restored title edit Andon Bedros IX Hassoun 1880 1884 44 Guglielmo Massaia O F M Cap 1884 1889 45 Albin Dunajewski 1891 1894 46 Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko 1902 1911 47 Louis Nazaire Begin 1914 1925 48 Vicente Casanova y Marzol 1925 1930 49 Karel Kaspar 1935 1941 50 Manuel Arce y Ochotorena 1946 1948 51 Benjamin de Arriba y Castro 1953 1973 52 Frantisek Tomasek 1977 1992 53 Adam Maida 1994 present 54 References edit David Hunt Chapter VIII of The Cambridge Ancient History Volume XIII p 251 Mariano Armellini le chiese di Roma dalle loro origine sino al secolo XVI Roma Tip ed Romana 1887 pp 244 245 J D Mansi ed Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio editio novissima Tomus VIII Florence A Zatta 1762 p 236 Forcella XI p 221 no 356 Forcella XI p 221 no 357 Forcella XI p 222 no 358 Armellini p 245 Silla was a notary and served as private secretary to Cardinal Guglielmo Sirleto 1514 1585 Gauchat p 50 Forcella XI p 219 Caelius Januarius subscribed the acts of the Roman synod of Pope Gelasius II in 499 Mansi ed VIII p 236 Caelius Januarius Presbyter tituli Vestinae his consensi et subscripsi synodalibus constitutis atque in hac manere profiteor sententia The document is also signed by Soranus presbyter tituli Vestinae and Opilio presbyter tituli Vestinae J Brixius p 36 146 Lictifredus joined the Obedience of Anacletus II in 1130 and was replaced by Matthaeus of the Obedience of Innocent II 1130 1133 Brixius pp 66 146 C Eubel Hierarchia catholica 2nd ed Munster Typ Lib Regensbergianae 1913 I pp 3 note 1 no 23 48 Gregorius Crescenzi had earlier been Cardinal deacon of S Maria in Aquiro 1188 1202 Pierre de la Chapelle Taillefert bishop of Toulouse Eubel I p 48 Nicolaus was promoted Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum 1361 1368 Eubel I pp 38 48 Eubel I pp 28 no 24 48 Schaumberg was bishop of Augsburg Eubel II p 8 p 36 no 289 p 65 Despuig was archbishop of Monreale in Sicily He was transferred to the titular church of Santa Sabina on 12 December 1477 Eubel II pp 17 no 5 65 Della Rovere was a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV He died on 1 February 1478 Eubel II pp 18 no 16 65 Domenico was the brother of Cristoforo He was transferred to the church of San Clemente on 13 August 1479 Eubel II pp 18 no 23 65 Ferry was transferred to Santa Maria in Domnica He died on 7 October 1483 Eubel II pp 19 no 26 65 Margarit was the ambassador of the king of Castile to the pope On 17 March 1484 Margarit was transferred to the church of Santa Balbina He died on 21 November 1484 Eubel II pp 19 no 31 65 Eubel II pp 19 no 29 65 Eubel II pp 22 no 10 65 Serra was transferred to the church of San Clemente on 28 June 1502 Eubel II pp 24 no 25 65 Ferrero was transferred to the church of Santi Sergio e Bacco al Foro Romano on 17 December 1505 He died in 1510 Eubel II pp 24 no 34 65 Eubel III p 71 Ferrero Eubel III pp 10 no 8 71 De Prie was transferred to the titular church of Santa Sabina on 17 March 1511 Eubel III pp 11 no 15 71 Del Monte was transferred to the titular church of Santa Prassede on 14 July 1514 Eubel III pp 12 no 20 71 Eubel III pp 15 no 9 71 Grimani was transferred to the titular church of San Marcello al Corso on 12 November 1532 Eubel III pp 19 no 5 71 Merino was transferred to the titular church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio on 5 September 1534 Eubel III pp 21 no 28 71 Fisher who was imprisoned in the Tower of London was named cardinal on 31 May 1535 and died on 22 June 1535 Eubel III pp 24 no 6 71 Contarini was transferred to the titular church of Santa Balbina on 15 January 1537 Eubel III pp 24 no 8 71 Eubel III pp 24 no 11 31 71 Morone was transferred to the titular church of San Stefano on 25 February 1549 Eubel III pp 27 no 40 71 Ferrero died on 14 August 1549 Eubel III pp 31 no 70 71 Ricci Eubel III pp 32 no 6 71 Pisani was transferred to the titular church of San Marco on 2 June 1568 Eubel III pp 40 no 29 71 Cornaro was transferred to the titular church of San Clemente on 9 February 1569 Eubel III pp 33 no 15 71 Cervantes was appointed on 9 June and transferred on 16 June to San Martino ai Monti Eubel III pp 44 no 7 71 Cesi Eubel III pp 44 no 9 71 14 January to 20 April 1587 Eubel III pp 51 no 14 71 Eubel III pp 52 no 20 71 Brauer p 121 Brauer p 130 Brauer p 153 Brauer p 193 Brauer p 223 Brauer p 261 Brauer p 287 Brauer p 313 Brauer p 331 Brauer p 379 Brauer p 566 Bibliography editArmellini Mariano 1891 Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX in Italian Roma Edizioni del Pasquino pp 187 189 Brauer Martin 2014 Handbuch der Kardinale 1846 2012 in German Berlin De Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 026947 5 Eubel Conradus ed 1913 Hierarchia catholica in Latin Vol Tomus 1 second ed Munster Libreria Regensbergiana in Latin Eubel Conradus ed 1914 Hierarchia catholica in Latin Vol Tomus 2 second ed Munster Libreria Regensbergiana Gulik Guilelmus 1923 Eubel Conradus ed Hierarchia catholica in Latin Vol Tomus 3 second ed Munster Libreria Regensbergiana Forcella Vencenzo 1877 Le inscrizioni delle chiese e d altri edifici di Roma Volume XI Roma L Cecchini 1877 in Latin and Italian Gauchat Patritius Patrice 1935 Hierarchia catholica Vol Tomus IV 1592 1667 Munster Libraria Regensbergiana Krautheimer Richard Spencer Corbett Volfango Frankl 1970 Corpus basilicarum Christianarum Romae Le basiliche cristiane antiche di Roma Monumenti di antichita cristiana ser 2 v 2 Citta del Vaticano Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana pp 313 ff External links editOfficial website of the Basilica di San Vitale nbsp Media related to San Vitale Rome at Wikimedia Commons Preceded bySanta Teresa Rome Landmarks of RomeSan Vitale Rome Succeeded byCasa dei Cavalieri di Rodi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title San Vitale Rome amp oldid 1206657703, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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