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San Martino ai Monti

January 01, 1970

San Martino ai Monti, officially known as Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti ("Saints Sylvester & Martin in the Mountains"), is a minor basilica in Rome, Italy, in the Rione Monti neighbourhood. It is located near the edge of the Parco del Colle Oppio, near the corner of Via Equizia and Viale del Monte Oppio, about five to six blocks south of Santa Maria Maggiore.

San Martino ai Monti
Basilica of Saints Sylvester and Martin on the Mountains
Basilica dei Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti
Façade
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′40″N 12°29′54″E / 41.89444°N 12.49833°E / 41.89444; 12.49833
LocationViale del Monte Oppio 28, Rome
CountryItaly
Language(s)Italian
DenominationCatholic
TraditionRoman Rite
Religious orderCarmelites
Websiteparrocchiasanmartinoaimonti.it
History
Statustitular church, minor basilica
Founded4th century
DedicationPope Sylvester I and Martin of Tours
Architecture
Architect(s)Filippo Gagliardi, Pietro da Cortona
Architectural typeBaroque
Completed1780
Administration
DioceseRome

The current Cardinal Priest with title to the basilica is Kazimierz Nycz, the Archbishop of Warsaw. Among the previous titulars are Alfonso de la Cueva; Joseph Mary Tomasi, C.R.; Achille Ratti, later Pope Pius XI; Ildefonso Schuster, O.S.B.; and Gianbattista Montini, later Pope Paul VI.

The parish is served by members of the Italian Province of the Carmelite Order and the residence next door to the church houses the offices of the Province.

History edit

 
The Crypt of San Martino ai Monti, by François Marius Granet (1806).

The basilica was founded by Pope Sylvester I on a site donated by one Equitius (hence the name of Titulus Equitii) in the 4th century. At the beginning it was an oratory devoted to all the martyrs. It is known that a meeting in preparation for the Council of Nicaea was held here in 324. The current church of San Martino ai Monti dates from the Carolingian era, but remains of a 3rd-century pillared hall have been located below and adjacent to it. Some scholars have identified this earlier building with the Titulus Equitii, but according to Hugo Brandenburg, it is "most unlikely that it could have served as a place of worship for any larger community and its liturgy: The original purpose of this fairly modest hall ... was probably to serve as a storage space for commercial purposes."

In 500, the church was rebuilt and dedicated to Saints Martin of Tours and Pope Sylvester I by Pope Symmachus.[1] On this occasion, the church was elevated and the first oratory became subterranean. It was reconstructed by Pope Hadrian I in 772 and by Pope Sergius II in 845. The structure of the present basilica follows the ancient church, and many pieces had been re-used. Remains of Pope St Martin I were said to be transferred there following his death in the 7th century in the Crimea region.

During the Investiture Controversy and the Gregorian Reforms, the priest of San Martino, Beno, supported the Antipope Clement III.

The inscriptions found in S. Martino ai Monti, a valuable source illustrating the history of the Basilica, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.[2]

The basilica is served by the members of the Italian Province of the Carmelite Order. It was granted to them in 1299 by Pope Boniface VIII; their ownership was confirmed in 1559. This basilica is the resting place of the Blessed Angelo Paoli, O. Carm., (1642–1720) who was revered throughout Rome for his service of the poor; he was beatified on 25 April 2010.

Interior edit

 
Plan of the Basilica

The interior has a nave and two aisles, divided by ancient columns. A votive lamp, made in silver sheet and housed in the sacristy, was believed to be St. Sylvester's tiara. Under the major altar are preserved the relics of Saints Artemius, Paulina and Sisinnius, brought here from the Catacomb of Priscilla. A mosaic portraying Madonna with St Sylvester is from the 6th century.

Interior Decoration edit

 
Interior of San Martino ai Monti.

Further transformations were executed in the 17th century by Filippo Gagliardi. In the mid-17th century a series of frescoes, architectural additions, and altarpieces were commissioned including series landscape and architectural frescoes of typically biblical scenes by Gaspar Dughet and Galgliardi.

There is a fresco by Jan Miel of St Cyril Baptizing a Sultan. Fabrizio Chiari (now overpainted by Antonio Cavallucci) painted a Baptism of Christ. Giannangiolo Canini painted an altarpiece of Holy Trinity with Saints Nicola and Bartholemew. The Mannerist painter Girolamo Muziano provided an altarpiece of St. Albert. Galeazzo Leoncino painted a fresco of Pope Silvester holding the Council of 324 in the church of San Martino, Pietro Testa the Vision of St Angelo the Carmelite in the Wilderness, and Filippo Gherardi an altarpiece of San Carlo Borromeo. Cannini also painted the Martydom of St. Stephen. Chiari also painted St Martin Sharing His Cloak with the Beggar. Giovanni Battista Crespi is the author of a Vision of St Teresa, while the altarpiece of Vision of Santa Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi was executed by Matteo Piccione.

Paolo Naldini painted a series of Saints on the upper register of the nave (counterclockwise starting from the nave, they are identified as Ciriaca, Stephen, Fabianus, and Nicander, then, in the left nave, Theodore, Martin, Innocent, and Iusta). Daniele Latre painted a St. Anthony and John the Baptist on the southern wall (counterfacade), while Naldini painted a Peter and Paul.

References edit

  1. ^ Guida metodica di Roma e suoi contorni, by Giuseppe Melchiorri, Rome (1836); page 257.
  2. ^ V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1874), pp. 1-34.

Bibliography edit

  • Emmanuele Boaga, "Il complesso titolare di S. Martino ai Monti in Roma," in: Mario Fois, Vincenzo Monachino, F. Litva (editors), Dalla Chiesa antica alla Chiesa moderna. Miscellanea per il 50o della Facoltà di storia ecclesiastica della Pontificia Università Gregoriana (Roma: Università Gregoriana Editore, 1983) pp. 1-17.
  • Ancient Churches of Rome from the Fourth to the Seventh Century: The Dawn of Christian Architecture in the West, by Hugo Brandenburg, Brepols, 2005.
  • Le chiese medievali di Roma, by Federico Gizzi, Newton Compton, Rome, 1994.
  • Richard Krautheimer, Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome (IV-IX Cent.) Part 3 (Roma: Pontificio Istituto de archeologia cristiana, 1937), pp. 87 ff.

External links edit

  • Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012). The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City. ISBN 9781623710088.

  Media related to San Martino ai Monti (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome 		Landmarks of Rome
San Martino ai Monti 		Succeeded by
Santi Nereo e Achilleo

January 01, 1970
martino, monti, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, 2016. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources San Martino ai Monti news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message San Martino ai Monti officially known as Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti Saints Sylvester amp Martin in the Mountains is a minor basilica in Rome Italy in the Rione Monti neighbourhood It is located near the edge of the Parco del Colle Oppio near the corner of Via Equizia and Viale del Monte Oppio about five to six blocks south of Santa Maria Maggiore San Martino ai MontiBasilica of Saints Sylvester and Martin on the MountainsBasilica dei Santi Silvestro e Martino ai MontiFacadeClick on the map for a fullscreen view41 53 40 N 12 29 54 E 41 89444 N 12 49833 E 41 89444 12 49833LocationViale del Monte Oppio 28 RomeCountryItalyLanguage s ItalianDenominationCatholicTraditionRoman RiteReligious orderCarmelitesWebsiteparrocchiasanmartinoaimonti wbr itHistoryStatustitular church minor basilicaFounded4th centuryDedicationPope Sylvester I and Martin of ToursArchitectureArchitect s Filippo Gagliardi Pietro da CortonaArchitectural typeBaroqueCompleted1780AdministrationDioceseRome The current Cardinal Priest with title to the basilica is Kazimierz Nycz the Archbishop of Warsaw Among the previous titulars are Alfonso de la Cueva Joseph Mary Tomasi C R Achille Ratti later Pope Pius XI Ildefonso Schuster O S B and Gianbattista Montini later Pope Paul VI The parish is served by members of the Italian Province of the Carmelite Order and the residence next door to the church houses the offices of the Province Contents 1 History 2 Interior 2 1 Interior Decoration 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp The Crypt of San Martino ai Monti by Francois Marius Granet 1806 The basilica was founded by Pope Sylvester I on a site donated by one Equitius hence the name of Titulus Equitii in the 4th century At the beginning it was an oratory devoted to all the martyrs It is known that a meeting in preparation for the Council of Nicaea was held here in 324 The current church of San Martino ai Monti dates from the Carolingian era but remains of a 3rd century pillared hall have been located below and adjacent to it Some scholars have identified this earlier building with the Titulus Equitii but according to Hugo Brandenburg it is most unlikely that it could have served as a place of worship for any larger community and its liturgy The original purpose of this fairly modest hall was probably to serve as a storage space for commercial purposes In 500 the church was rebuilt and dedicated to Saints Martin of Tours and Pope Sylvester I by Pope Symmachus 1 On this occasion the church was elevated and the first oratory became subterranean It was reconstructed by Pope Hadrian I in 772 and by Pope Sergius II in 845 The structure of the present basilica follows the ancient church and many pieces had been re used Remains of Pope St Martin I were said to be transferred there following his death in the 7th century in the Crimea region During the Investiture Controversy and the Gregorian Reforms the priest of San Martino Beno supported the Antipope Clement III The inscriptions found in S Martino ai Monti a valuable source illustrating the history of the Basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella 2 The basilica is served by the members of the Italian Province of the Carmelite Order It was granted to them in 1299 by Pope Boniface VIII their ownership was confirmed in 1559 This basilica is the resting place of the Blessed Angelo Paoli O Carm 1642 1720 who was revered throughout Rome for his service of the poor he was beatified on 25 April 2010 Interior edit nbsp Plan of the Basilica The interior has a nave and two aisles divided by ancient columns A votive lamp made in silver sheet and housed in the sacristy was believed to be St Sylvester s tiara Under the major altar are preserved the relics of Saints Artemius Paulina and Sisinnius brought here from the Catacomb of Priscilla A mosaic portraying Madonna with St Sylvester is from the 6th century Interior Decoration edit nbsp Interior of San Martino ai Monti Further transformations were executed in the 17th century by Filippo Gagliardi In the mid 17th century a series of frescoes architectural additions and altarpieces were commissioned including series landscape and architectural frescoes of typically biblical scenes by Gaspar Dughet and Galgliardi There is a fresco by Jan Miel of St Cyril Baptizing a Sultan Fabrizio Chiari now overpainted by Antonio Cavallucci painted a Baptism of Christ Giannangiolo Canini painted an altarpiece of Holy Trinity with Saints Nicola and Bartholemew The Mannerist painter Girolamo Muziano provided an altarpiece of St Albert Galeazzo Leoncino painted a fresco of Pope Silvester holding the Council of 324 in the church of San Martino Pietro Testa the Vision of St Angelo the Carmelite in the Wilderness and Filippo Gherardi an altarpiece of San Carlo Borromeo Cannini also painted the Martydom of St Stephen Chiari also painted St Martin Sharing His Cloak with the Beggar Giovanni Battista Crespi is the author of a Vision of St Teresa while the altarpiece of Vision of Santa Maria Maddalena de Pazzi was executed by Matteo Piccione Paolo Naldini painted a series of Saints on the upper register of the nave counterclockwise starting from the nave they are identified as Ciriaca Stephen Fabianus and Nicander then in the left nave Theodore Martin Innocent and Iusta Daniele Latre painted a St Anthony and John the Baptist on the southern wall counterfacade while Naldini painted a Peter and Paul References edit Guida metodica di Roma e suoi contorni by Giuseppe Melchiorri Rome 1836 page 257 V Forcella Inscrizioni delle chese e d altre edifici di Roma dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV Roma Fratelli Bencini 1874 pp 1 34 Bibliography editEmmanuele Boaga Il complesso titolare di S Martino ai Monti in Roma in Mario Fois Vincenzo Monachino F Litva editors Dalla Chiesa antica alla Chiesa moderna Miscellanea per il 50o della Facolta di storia ecclesiastica della Pontificia Universita Gregoriana Roma Universita Gregoriana Editore 1983 pp 1 17 Ancient Churches of Rome from the Fourth to the Seventh Century The Dawn of Christian Architecture in the West by Hugo Brandenburg Brepols 2005 Le chiese medievali di Roma by Federico Gizzi Newton Compton Rome 1994 Richard Krautheimer Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome IV IX Cent Part 3 Roma Pontificio Istituto de archeologia cristiana 1937 pp 87 ff External links editLucentini M 31 December 2012 The Rome Guide Step by Step through History s Greatest City ISBN 9781623710088 nbsp Media related to San Martino ai Monti Rome at Wikimedia Commons Preceded bySanta Maria della Vittoria Rome Landmarks of RomeSan Martino ai Monti Succeeded bySanti Nereo e Achilleo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title San Martino ai Monti amp oldid 1211335714, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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