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The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.[1] The RAE's emblem is a fiery crucible, and its motto is Limpia, fija y da esplendor ("It purifies, it fixes, and it dignifies").[2]
The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works.
RAE motto from the title page of one of its publications.Inauguration of the RAE building in Madrid by Alfonso XIII, 1894Title page of Fundación y estatútos de la Real Académia Españóla (Foundation and statutes of the Royal Spanish Academy) (1715)
The Royal Spanish Academy was founded in 1713, modeled after the Accademia della Crusca (1582), of Italy, and the Académie Française (1635), of France, with the purpose "to fix the voices and vocabularies of the Spanish language with propriety, elegance, and purity". King Philip V approved its constitution on 3 October 1714, placing it under the Crown's protection.[citation needed]
The RAE began establishing rules for the orthography of Spanish beginning in 1741 with the first edition of the Ortographía (spelled Ortografía from the second edition onwards). The proposals of the Academy became the official norm in Spain by royal decree in 1844, and they were also gradually adopted by the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. Several reforms were introduced in the Nuevas Normas de Prosodia y Ortografía (1959, New Norms of Prosody and Orthography). Since the establishment of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language in 1951, the Spanish academy works in close consultation with the other Spanish language academies in its various works and projects. The 1999 Orthography was the first to be edited by the twenty two academies together.[3] The current rules and practical recommendations on spelling are presented in the latest edition of the Ortografía (2010).
The headquarters, opened in 1894, is located at Calle Felipe IV, 4, in the ward of Jerónimos, next to the Museo del Prado. The Center for the Studies of the Royal Spanish Academy, opened in 2007, is located at Calle Serrano 187–189.
Fundamentalsedit
According to Salvador Gutiérrez, an academic numerary of the institution, the Academy does not dictate the rules but studies the language, collects information and presents it. The rules of the language are simply the continued use of expressions, some of which are collected by the Academy. Although he also says that it is important to read and write correctly.[4] Article 1 of the statutes of the Royal Spanish Academy, translated from Spanish, says the following:[5]
The Academy is an institution with legal personality whose main mission is to ensure that the changes experienced by the Spanish language in its constant adaptation to the needs of its speakers do not break the essential unity it maintains throughout the Hispanic world. It must equally ensure that this evolution preserves the characteristic nature of the language, as gradually consolidated over the centuries, as well as establishing and disseminating the criteria for its proper and correct use, and contributing to its splendor.
To achieve these ends, it shall study and promote the study of the history and present of Spanish, it shall disseminate the writings, literary—especially classics—and non-literary, that it deems important for the knowledge of such matters, and will seek to keep alive the memory of those who, in Spain or in the Americas, have cultivated our language with glory.
As a member of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, it shall maintain a special relation with the corresponding and associated academies.
Members of the Academy are known as Académicos de número (English: Academic Numerary), chosen from among prestigious people within the arts and sciences, including several Spanish-language authors, known as The Immortals (Spanish: Los Inmortales), similarly to their French Academy counterparts. The numeraries (Spanish: Números) are elected for life by the other academicians. Each academician holds a seat labeled with a letter from the Spanish alphabet, with upper and lower case letters denoting separate seats.
Countries with a Spanish language academy
The Academy has included Latin American members from the time of Rafael María Baralt, although some Spanish-speaking countries have their own academies of the language.
Joint publications of the RAE and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
Diccionario de la lengua española (Spanish Language Dictionary). The 1st edition was published in 1780, and the 23rd edition in 2014.[6] It can be consulted for free online as of October 2017[7] and was published in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries to mark the tricentennial of the founding of the RAE.[citation needed]
The Diccionario esencial de la lengua española (Essential Dictionary of the Spanish Language) was published in 2006 as a compendium of the 22nd edition of the Dictionary of the Spanish Language.[8]
Ortografía de la lengua española (Spanish Language Orthography). The 1st edition was published in 1741 and the latest edition in 2010. The edition of 1999 was the first spelling book to cover the whole Hispanic world, replacing the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortografía (New Rules for Prosody and Spelling) of 1959.[citation needed]
Nueva gramática de la lengua española (New Spanish Language Grammar, 1st edition: 1771, latest edition: 2009).[9][10] The latest edition is the first grammar to cover the whole Hispanic world, replacing the prior Gramática de la lengua española (Grammar of the Spanish Language, 1931) and the Esbozo de una Nueva gramática de la lengua española (Outline of a New Grammar of the Spanish Language, 1973). The Nueva gramática de la lengua española is available in 3 different versions: The Edición completa (Complete Edition) includes 3,800 pages in two volumes to describe morphology and syntax (published December 4, 2009) plus a third volume of phonetics and phonology and a DVD (early 2010).[citation needed]
The Manual edition is a single 750-page volume, which was presented at the 5th Congress of the Spanish Language which convened virtually in Valparaíso, Chile, due to the earthquake, and was released on April 23, 2010.[11]
The Gramática básica (Basic Grammar) is a 305-page volume directed to people who received secondary education, and which can be adaptable for school use; it was first published in 2011.[12][13][14]
The RAE has also published two other works by individual editors: Gramática de la lengua española (Grammar of the Spanish Language, by Emilio Alarcos Llorach, 1994) and Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española (Descriptive Grammar of the Spanish Language, 3 volumes, directed by Ignacio Bosque and Violeta Demonte, 1999).[citation needed]
Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (Pan-Hispanic Dictionary of Doubts, 1st edition: 2005). Resolves doubts related to the use of the Spanish language. Can be consulted online since 2006.[15]
Diccionario del estudiante (Student's Dictionary, 1st edition: 2005). Directed to students in secondary education between 12 and 18 years-old.[16]
Diccionario práctico del estudiante (Student's Practical Dictionary, 1st edition: 2007) is an adapted version for Latin America of the Student's Dictionary.[17]
Diccionario de americanismos (Dictionary of Americanisms) is a listing of Spanish language terms of the Americas and their meaning. First edition published in 2010.[18]
^(PDF). Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
^Gale Group (2001). Encyclopedia of European Social History from 1350 to 2000. Scribner. p. 68. ISBN978-0-684-80581-8. from the original on 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
^Real Academia Española (1999). Ortografía de la Lengua Española(PDF) (in Spanish). pp. v–viii. ISBN84-239-9250-0. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
^Plaza, J. M. (12 December 2013). "Dequeístas, leístas y compañía... hay una salida" [Dequeístas, leístas, and company... there is a way out]. El Mundo. Spain. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
^(PDF). Real Academia Española. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 28, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
^(PDF). Real Academia Española. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
^. Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
^Diccionario esencial de la lengua española. Real Academia Española. 2006. ISBN9788467023145. from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
^(PDF). Real Academia Española. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
^Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Real Academia Española. 2009. ISBN9788467032079. from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
^"El diccionario de americanismos incluye setenta mil entradas", Diario ABC, no. 27 de febrero de 2010, 2010, from the original on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2010-04-04
^, Real Academia Española, 2010, archived from the original on March 25, 2010
^"La Real Academia Española y la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española presentan la Nueva gramática de la lengua española". Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013.
^"Nueva gramática básica". Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
^"Diccionario panhispánico de dudas". Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
^"Diccionario del estudiante". Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
^"Diccionario práctico del estudiante". Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^"Diccionario de americanismos". Real Academia Española. Archived from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
External linksedit
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Official website(in Spanish)
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royal, spanish, academy, fine, arts, academy, real, academia, bellas, artes, fernando, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, help, expand, this, article, with. For the fine arts academy see Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish December 2009 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Spanish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 231 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Real Academia Espanola Publicaciones de la RAE see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Real Academia Espanola Publicaciones de la RAE to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Royal Spanish Academy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The Royal Spanish Academy Spanish Real Academia Espanola generally abbreviated as RAE is Spain s official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language It is based in Madrid Spain and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language 1 The RAE s emblem is a fiery crucible and its motto is Limpia fija y da esplendor It purifies it fixes and it dignifies 2 Royal Spanish AcademyReal Academia EspanolaArms of the Royal Spanish AcademyAbbreviationRAEFormation1713 311 years ago 1713 FounderThe Duke of EscalonaPurposeLinguistic prescription and researchHeadquartersMadrid SpainRegion servedHispanophone regions and populationsOfficial languageSpanishDirectorSantiago Munoz MachadoMain organJunta de GobiernoAffiliationsAssociation of Spanish Language AcademiesWebsitewww wbr rae wbr esThe RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories to ensure a common standard The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works Contents 1 History 2 Fundamentals 3 Composition 3 1 Current members 3 2 Notable past academicians 4 Publications 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory edit nbsp RAE motto from the title page of one of its publications nbsp Inauguration of the RAE building in Madrid by Alfonso XIII 1894 nbsp Title page of Fundacion y estatutos de la Real Academia Espanola Foundation and statutes of the Royal Spanish Academy 1715 The Royal Spanish Academy was founded in 1713 modeled after the Accademia della Crusca 1582 of Italy and the Academie Francaise 1635 of France with the purpose to fix the voices and vocabularies of the Spanish language with propriety elegance and purity King Philip V approved its constitution on 3 October 1714 placing it under the Crown s protection citation needed Its aristocratic founder Juan Manuel Fernandez Pacheco Duke of Escalona and Marquess of Villena described its aims as to assure that Spanish speakers will always be able to read Cervantes by exercising a progressive up to date maintenance of the formal language citation needed The RAE began establishing rules for the orthography of Spanish beginning in 1741 with the first edition of the Ortographia spelled Ortografia from the second edition onwards The proposals of the Academy became the official norm in Spain by royal decree in 1844 and they were also gradually adopted by the Spanish speaking countries in the Americas Several reforms were introduced in the Nuevas Normas de Prosodia y Ortografia 1959 New Norms of Prosody and Orthography Since the establishment of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language in 1951 the Spanish academy works in close consultation with the other Spanish language academies in its various works and projects The 1999 Orthography was the first to be edited by the twenty two academies together 3 The current rules and practical recommendations on spelling are presented in the latest edition of the Ortografia 2010 The headquarters opened in 1894 is located at Calle Felipe IV 4 in the ward of Jeronimos next to the Museo del Prado The Center for the Studies of the Royal Spanish Academy opened in 2007 is located at Calle Serrano 187 189 Fundamentals editAccording to Salvador Gutierrez an academic numerary of the institution the Academy does not dictate the rules but studies the language collects information and presents it The rules of the language are simply the continued use of expressions some of which are collected by the Academy Although he also says that it is important to read and write correctly 4 Article 1 of the statutes of the Royal Spanish Academy translated from Spanish says the following 5 The Academy is an institution with legal personality whose main mission is to ensure that the changes experienced by the Spanish language in its constant adaptation to the needs of its speakers do not break the essential unity it maintains throughout the Hispanic world It must equally ensure that this evolution preserves the characteristic nature of the language as gradually consolidated over the centuries as well as establishing and disseminating the criteria for its proper and correct use and contributing to its splendor To achieve these ends it shall study and promote the study of the history and present of Spanish it shall disseminate the writings literary especially classics and non literary that it deems important for the knowledge of such matters and will seek to keep alive the memory of those who in Spain or in the Americas have cultivated our language with glory As a member of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language it shall maintain a special relation with the corresponding and associated academies Composition editMain article List of members of the Real Academia Espanola nbsp Partial view of the library at the RAEMembers of the Academy are known as Academicos de numero English Academic Numerary chosen from among prestigious people within the arts and sciences including several Spanish language authors known as The Immortals Spanish Los Inmortales similarly to their French Academy counterparts The numeraries Spanish Numeros are elected for life by the other academicians Each academician holds a seat labeled with a letter from the Spanish alphabet with upper and lower case letters denoting separate seats nbsp Countries with a Spanish language academyThe Academy has included Latin American members from the time of Rafael Maria Baralt although some Spanish speaking countries have their own academies of the language Current members edit Seat Member YearO Pere Gimferrer Torrens 1985p Francisco Rico Manrique 1987c Victor Garcia de la Concha 1992l Emilio Lledo Inigo 1994C Luis Goytisolo Gay 1995L Mario Vargas Llosa 1996u Antonio Munoz Molina 1996V Juan Luis Cebrian Echarri 1997t Ignacio Bosque Munoz 1997n Luis Maria Anson Oliart es 1998I Luis Mateo Diez Rodriguez 2001N Guillermo Rojo Sanchez es 2001k Jose Antonio Pascual Rodriguez 2002E Carmen Iglesias Cano 2002T Arturo Perez Reverte Gutierrez 2003G Jose Manuel Sanchez Ron es 2003j Alvaro Pombo Garcia de los Rios 2004o Antonio Fernandez Alba es 2006h Jose Manuel Blecua Perdices es 2006a Pedro Garcia Barreno es 2006S Salvador Gutierrez Ordonez es 2008D Dario Villanueva Prieto 2008m Jose Maria Merino Sanchez 2009g Soledad Puertolas Villanueva 2010P Ines Fernandez Ordonez Hernandez es 2011Q Pedro Alvarez de Miranda de la Gandara es 2011e Juan Gil Fernandez 2011f Jose B Terceiro Lomba es 2012r Santiago Munoz Machado 2013b Miguel Saenz Sagaseta de Ilurdoz 2013n Carme Riera Guilera 2013Z Jose Luis Gomez Garcia 2014B Aurora Egido Martinez es 2014F Manuel Gutierrez Aragon 2016H Felix de Azua Comella 2016U Clara Janes Nadal 2016s Maria Paz Battaner Arias 2017J Carlos Garcia Gual es 2019M Juan Antonio Mayorga Ruano 2019K Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro Risueno 2022i Paloma Diaz Mas 2022d Dolores Corbella Diaz es 2023q Asuncion Gomez Perez 2023X Clara Sanchez 2023A Pedro Catedra Garcia es TBA a Numerary was elected but has not yet taken the assigned seat nbsp View of the front facade of the RAE buildingNotable past academicians edit This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items October 2009 Niceto Alcala Zamora Vicente Aleixandre Damaso Alonso Jose Azorin Martinez Ruiz Vicente Bacallar y Sanna Pio Baroja Jacinto Benavente Carlos Bousono Manuel Breton de los Herreros Camilo Jose Cela Miguel Delibes Jose Echegaray Fernando Fernan Gomez Wenceslao Fernandez Florez Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos Alicia Jurado Antonio Machado Salvador de Madariaga Julian Marias Francisco Martinez de la Rosa Ramon Menendez Pidal Armando Palacio Valdes Jose Maria de Pereda Benito Perez Galdos Manuel Jose Quintana Gonzalo Torrente Ballester Leonardo Torres Quevedo Juan Valera Jose ZorrillaPublications editJoint publications of the RAE and the Association of Academies of the Spanish LanguageDiccionario de la lengua espanola Spanish Language Dictionary The 1st edition was published in 1780 and the 23rd edition in 2014 6 It can be consulted for free online as of October 2017 7 and was published in Spain and other Spanish speaking countries to mark the tricentennial of the founding of the RAE citation needed The Diccionario esencial de la lengua espanola Essential Dictionary of the Spanish Language was published in 2006 as a compendium of the 22nd edition of the Dictionary of the Spanish Language 8 Ortografia de la lengua espanola Spanish Language Orthography The 1st edition was published in 1741 and the latest edition in 2010 The edition of 1999 was the first spelling book to cover the whole Hispanic world replacing the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortografia New Rules for Prosody and Spelling of 1959 citation needed Nueva gramatica de la lengua espanola New Spanish Language Grammar 1st edition 1771 latest edition 2009 9 10 The latest edition is the first grammar to cover the whole Hispanic world replacing the prior Gramatica de la lengua espanola Grammar of the Spanish Language 1931 and the Esbozo de una Nueva gramatica de la lengua espanola Outline of a New Grammar of the Spanish Language 1973 The Nueva gramatica de la lengua espanola is available in 3 different versions The Edicion completa Complete Edition includes 3 800 pages in two volumes to describe morphology and syntax published December 4 2009 plus a third volume of phonetics and phonology and a DVD early 2010 citation needed The Manual edition is a single 750 page volume which was presented at the 5th Congress of the Spanish Language which convened virtually in Valparaiso Chile due to the earthquake and was released on April 23 2010 11 The Gramatica basica Basic Grammar is a 305 page volume directed to people who received secondary education and which can be adaptable for school use it was first published in 2011 12 13 14 The RAE has also published two other works by individual editors Gramatica de la lengua espanola Grammar of the Spanish Language by Emilio Alarcos Llorach 1994 and Gramatica descriptiva de la lengua espanola Descriptive Grammar of the Spanish Language 3 volumes directed by Ignacio Bosque and Violeta Demonte 1999 citation needed Diccionario panhispanico de dudas Pan Hispanic Dictionary of Doubts 1st edition 2005 Resolves doubts related to the use of the Spanish language Can be consulted online since 2006 15 Diccionario del estudiante Student s Dictionary 1st edition 2005 Directed to students in secondary education between 12 and 18 years old 16 Diccionario practico del estudiante Student s Practical Dictionary 1st edition 2007 is an adapted version for Latin America of the Student s Dictionary 17 Diccionario de americanismos Dictionary of Americanisms is a listing of Spanish language terms of the Americas and their meaning First edition published in 2010 18 See also edit nbsp Spain portal nbsp Language portalList of language regulatorsReferences edit ASOCIACIoN DE ACADEMIAS DE LA LENGUA ESPANOLA PDF Asociacion de Academias de la Lengua Espanola Archived from the original PDF on August 4 2017 Retrieved October 28 2017 Gale Group 2001 Encyclopedia of European Social History from 1350 to 2000 Scribner p 68 ISBN 978 0 684 80581 8 Archived from the original on 2023 05 21 Retrieved 2023 05 21 Real Academia Espanola 1999 Ortografia de la Lengua Espanola PDF in Spanish pp v viii ISBN 84 239 9250 0 Retrieved 2009 02 07 Plaza J M 12 December 2013 Dequeistas leistas y compania hay una salida Dequeistas leistas and company there is a way out El Mundo Spain Archived from the original on 15 June 2018 Retrieved 15 June 2018 ESTATUTOS Y REGLAMENTO DE LA REAL ACADEMIA ESPANOLA PDF Real Academia Espanola 2014 Archived from the original PDF on August 28 2017 Retrieved October 28 2017 Ediciones del diccionario academico PDF Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original PDF on July 13 2017 Retrieved October 29 2017 Diccionario de la lengua espanola Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on October 25 2017 Retrieved October 29 2017 Diccionario esencial de la lengua espanola Real Academia Espanola 2006 ISBN 9788467023145 Archived from the original on October 25 2017 Retrieved October 29 2017 Prologo PDF Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original PDF on July 4 2017 Retrieved October 29 2017 Nueva gramatica de la lengua espanola Real Academia Espanola 2009 ISBN 9788467032079 Archived from the original on October 25 2017 Retrieved October 29 2017 El diccionario de americanismos incluye setenta mil entradas Diario ABC no 27 de febrero de 2010 2010 archived from the original on 2016 03 04 retrieved 2010 04 04 La Real Academia Espanola y la Asociacion de Academias de la Lengua Espanola presentan la Nueva gramatica de la lengua espanola Real Academia Espanola 2010 archived from the original on March 25 2010 La Real Academia Espanola y la Asociacion de Academias de la Lengua Espanola presentan la Nueva gramatica de la lengua espanola Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on February 13 2013 Nueva gramatica basica Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved October 30 2015 Diccionario panhispanico de dudas Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on October 23 2016 Retrieved October 30 2017 Diccionario del estudiante Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved October 30 2017 Diccionario practico del estudiante Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on October 31 2017 Retrieved October 31 2017 Diccionario de americanismos Real Academia Espanola Archived from the original on November 17 2014 Retrieved October 31 2017 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Real Academia Espanola Official website nbsp in Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Royal Spanish Academy amp oldid 1195770725, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
