Rosa nutkana, the Nootka rose,[3]bristly rose, or wild rose is a 0.6–3.0-metre-tall (2–10-foot) perennial shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae).[4][5][6]
Rosa nutkana C. Presl var. muriculata (Greene) G.N. Jones
Rosa nutkana C. Presl var. setosa G.N. Jones
The species name nootka comes from the Nootka Sound of Vancouver Island, where the plant was first described.[7] This plant is native to Western North America.[6] There are 2 varieties: hispida grows in the Intermountain West from east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountains, and nutkana grows in coastal areas from Alaska to California west to the Cascades. The Jepson Interchange (Flora of California) considers other varieties to be part of the nutkana variety.[5][8][9]
Rosa nutkana grows to as much as 3 meters, often in thickets. It has light green paired leaflets with toothed edges and sharp prickles at the base. The prickles are straight and paired and generally appear at nodes. The 5–8 cm (2–3 in) flowers usually occur singly, but may appear in groups of 2 or 3. The flowers, which appear in early summer, can have a pleasantly strong fragrance. The sepals are very long, longer than the petals, and are constricted in the middle. The fruits (hips) of Nootka rose are somewhat bitter but edible. It is reported that bletting will greatly mitigate the bitterness and make the hips much more palatable. Only the rind should be eaten as the seeds are irritating.[10]
Nootka rose showing diagnostic sepals
Ecologyedit
Nootka rose grows in a wide variety of habitats, from sea level to mid elevations. It needs sun but will tolerate some shade, often growing along forest edges. It grows in moist riparian soils and in dry glacial till soils. It grows in fencerows, hedgerows, pastures, shrubby wetlands, woodlands, prairies, and meadows.[10][11]
Mossy rose gall
Nootka rose thickets provide habitat and food for birds and small wildlife. Deer browse the flowers, young stems, and hips.[11] They are used in wetland mitigation buffers and in native plant landscaping.[12]
R. nutkana hosts gall-making wasps of the family Cynipidae, genus Diplolepis (wasp), in the insect class Hymenoptera. Two species are D. polita, which makes bristly round red or green galls on leaves, and D. rosae, the mossy rose gall, which makes large, mossy, feathery, greenish or yellowish growths on stems.[13]
Usesedit
Rosa nutkana is used medicinally by a great number of indigenous peoples to treat a wide variety of ailments, and also ceremonially, in handcrafts, and as a food source.[14] The branches or leaves were used to make a tea or poultice to treat sores and eye problems.[15] As with all wild rose species, the hips are edible and sometimes used to make jams and jellies.[16]
^ITIS Standard Report Page: Rosa nutkana Retrieved 2010-03-27
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rosa nutkana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
^ abNPIN: Rosa nutkana (Nootka rose) Retrieved 2010-03-27.
^ abStewart, Charles (May 1994). Wildflowers of the Olympics and Cascades. Sequim, Washington: Nature Education Enterprises. p. 77. ISBN0-9621104-2-6.
^Gerteis, Joan (2006-08-17). "Our Wild Nootka Rose". WSU Extension - Island County. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
^USDA. "PLANTS Database". Retrieved 24 February 2011.
^Jepson. "A Flora of California". Retrieved 24 February 2011.
^ abPojar and MacKinnon (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Vancouver, British Columbia: Lone Pine Publishing. ISBN1-55105-040-4.
^ abCooke, Sarah Spear (1997). Field Guide to the Common Wetland Plants of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon. Seattle, Washington: Seattle Audubon Society. ISBN0-914516-11-6.
^ abLeigh, Michael (1999). Grow Your Own Native Landscape. Thurston County, WA: WSU Cooperative Extension.
^Haggard, Peter and Judy (2006). Insects of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN0881926892.
^Species account from Native American Ethnobotany (University of Michigan - Dearborn) Retrieved 2010-03-2007.
^Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 221. ISBN978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC 1073035766.
^Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 444. ISBN0-394-73127-1.
^HelpMeFind. "Nootka Rose". Retrieved 24 February 2011.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosa nutkana.
USDA PLANTS Profile: Rosa nutkana (Nootka rose)
January 01, 1970
rosa, nutkana, nootka, rose, bristly, rose, wild, rose, metre, tall, foot, perennial, shrub, rose, family, rosaceae, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, clade, angiosperms, clade, eudicots, clade, rosids, order, rosales, family,. Rosa nutkana the Nootka rose 3 bristly rose or wild rose is a 0 6 3 0 metre tall 2 10 foot perennial shrub in the rose family Rosaceae 4 5 6 Rosa nutkana Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Rosales Family Rosaceae Genus Rosa Species R nutkana Binomial name Rosa nutkanaC Presl Varieties 1 2 Rosa nutkana C Presl var hispida Fernald Rosa nutkana C Presl var nutkana Rosa nutkana C Presl var muriculata Greene G N Jones Rosa nutkana C Presl var setosa G N Jones The species name nootka comes from the Nootka Sound of Vancouver Island where the plant was first described 7 This plant is native to Western North America 6 There are 2 varieties hispida grows in the Intermountain West from east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountains and nutkana grows in coastal areas from Alaska to California west to the Cascades The Jepson Interchange Flora of California considers other varieties to be part of the nutkana variety 5 8 9 Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Uses 4 References 5 External linksDescription editRosa nutkana grows to as much as 3 meters often in thickets It has light green paired leaflets with toothed edges and sharp prickles at the base The prickles are straight and paired and generally appear at nodes The 5 8 cm 2 3 in flowers usually occur singly but may appear in groups of 2 or 3 The flowers which appear in early summer can have a pleasantly strong fragrance The sepals are very long longer than the petals and are constricted in the middle The fruits hips of Nootka rose are somewhat bitter but edible It is reported that bletting will greatly mitigate the bitterness and make the hips much more palatable Only the rind should be eaten as the seeds are irritating 10 nbsp Nootka rose showing diagnostic sepalsEcology editNootka rose grows in a wide variety of habitats from sea level to mid elevations It needs sun but will tolerate some shade often growing along forest edges It grows in moist riparian soils and in dry glacial till soils It grows in fencerows hedgerows pastures shrubby wetlands woodlands prairies and meadows 10 11 nbsp Mossy rose gall Nootka rose thickets provide habitat and food for birds and small wildlife Deer browse the flowers young stems and hips 11 They are used in wetland mitigation buffers and in native plant landscaping 12 R nutkana hosts gall making wasps of the family Cynipidae genus Diplolepis wasp in the insect class Hymenoptera Two species are D polita which makes bristly round red or green galls on leaves and D rosae the mossy rose gall which makes large mossy feathery greenish or yellowish growths on stems 13 Uses editRosa nutkana is used medicinally by a great number of indigenous peoples to treat a wide variety of ailments and also ceremonially in handcrafts and as a food source 14 The branches or leaves were used to make a tea or poultice to treat sores and eye problems 15 As with all wild rose species the hips are edible and sometimes used to make jams and jellies 16 Nootka rose serves as the larval host of the mourning cloak and grey hairstreak butterflies 4 Nootka rose can be propagated from seed although germination is spotty 12 Hardwood cuttings and root suckers can also be used There are several ornamental rose cultivars of R nutkana including Cantab Hurst 1939 17 Mander s Nutkana 1 1983 Moore s Nutkana and Schoener s Nutkana 1930 18 References edit Rosa nutkana Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2010 03 27 ITIS Standard Report Page Rosa nutkana Retrieved 2010 03 27 USDA NRCS n d Rosa nutkana The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 23 October 2015 a b NPIN Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Retrieved 2010 03 27 a b WTU Herbarium Image Collection Retrieved 2010 03 27 a b Stewart Charles May 1994 Wildflowers of the Olympics and Cascades Sequim Washington Nature Education Enterprises p 77 ISBN 0 9621104 2 6 Gerteis Joan 2006 08 17 Our Wild Nootka Rose WSU Extension Island County Retrieved 2010 03 27 USDA PLANTS Database Retrieved 24 February 2011 Jepson A Flora of California Retrieved 24 February 2011 a b Pojar and MacKinnon 1994 Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast Vancouver British Columbia Lone Pine Publishing ISBN 1 55105 040 4 a b Cooke Sarah Spear 1997 Field Guide to the Common Wetland Plants of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon Seattle Washington Seattle Audubon Society ISBN 0 914516 11 6 a b Leigh Michael 1999 Grow Your Own Native Landscape Thurston County WA WSU Cooperative Extension Haggard Peter and Judy 2006 Insects of the Pacific Northwest Portland Oregon Timber Press ISBN 0881926892 Species account from Native American Ethnobotany University of Michigan Dearborn Retrieved 2010 03 2007 Fagan Damian 2019 Wildflowers of Oregon A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers Trees and Shrubs of the Coast Cascades and High Desert Guilford CT FalconGuides p 221 ISBN 978 1 4930 3633 2 OCLC 1073035766 Whitney Stephen 1985 Western Forests The Audubon Society Nature Guides New York Knopf p 444 ISBN 0 394 73127 1 Peter Beales 2002 Klassische Rosen Classic roses in German DuMont pp 222 223 ISBN 3 8320 8736 2 HelpMeFind Nootka Rose Retrieved 24 February 2011 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosa nutkana USDA PLANTS Profile Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rosa nutkana amp oldid 1160265286, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
