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Roller skiing

August 22, 2023

Roller skiing is an off-snow equivalent to cross-country skiing. Roller skis have wheels on their ends and are used on a hard surface, to emulate cross-country skiing.[1][2] The skiing techniques used are very similar to techniques used in cross-country skiing on snow.

Roller skis

First created as a summer training exercise, roller skiing grew into a competitive sport in its own right. Annual championships are held in various locations around the world.[3] Most, if not all, national cross-country ski teams around the world roller ski during the off-season for specific physical training simulating winter skiing. In Norway, separate roller ski facilities have been constructed to allow exercise off public roads.[4]

History

The first roller skis were built in the mid-1930s in Italy and North Europe. In the early 1950s, when cross-country skiing started to evolve to a serious competition sport, the necessity for good summer training grew. Starting in the 1950s people experimented with skis on wheels. In the 1970s, something of a standard emerged and the first races took place. At this time all roller skis had one wheel in front and two wheels at the back. The metal frame was between 70 and 100 centimetres (2'4" and 3'4") long.[5]

Athletes felt they could start to engage themselves in competitions. In 1976, Giustino Del Vecchio, an air pilot, established a record in Monza by doing 240.5 kilometres (149.4 mi) in 24 hours on the roller skis he had designed, using material and technologies from the aircraft industry; narrow solid wheels with hard tread, reverse lock-up ball bearings to enable a forward push off the inactive ski.[5]

In the beginning, the skis were developed with one wheel in front and two wheels behind. The introduction of skating (free technique) in cross-country skiing changed athletes' training needs, which consequently impacted the design of roller skis. New roller skis with two wheels instead of three and much lighter materials could be used both for the classic style and skating.[5]

Competition

 
Roller skiing race—Skating technique.
 
Roller skiing race—Classic technique.

The European Rollerski Federation was established around 1985, and the first European Championships were organized in the Netherlands in 1988.[6]

The growth of the roller ski sport attracted the notice of the International Ski Federation, or FIS (Federation Internationale de Ski). In 1992, the FIS recognized roller skiing as a sport distinct from cross-country skiing.

The first World Games were held in The Hague in 1993, and the first World Cup roller ski races later in the same year. In 1998, in Prague, the FIS granted roller skiing an official FIS World Championships. On 30 August- 3 September 2000, these competitions took place in the Netherlands.

Races have a variety of formats with different terrain. Formats include relays, sprints, team races, individual races and pursuit races. Terrain varies from relatively flat to hilly. On flat courses the speed can be as fast as 50 kilometres per hour (30 miles per hour). Average speed on flat tracks in World Cup races can easily be 30 kilometres per hour (20 miles per hour). As in regular cross-country skiing, the skiers compete in classic and freestyle. Helmets and protective eyeglasses in competitions are mandatory.

World Cup and World Championships

Like their cross-country counterparts, the Italian, Russian, Norwegian, Swedish, German and French rollers have been very strong in competitions compared to other nations since the beginning of competitive roller skiing. Note that World Roller Skiing championships are not officially sanctioned races by FIS or recognized sports governing bodies.

Men

So far, the World Cup and World Championships have been dominated by a few skiers. Successful roller skiers include Italian Alfio di Gregorio, who has won the World Games three times and World Cup four times; Russian Igor Glushkov, who has won the World Cup three times; and Frenchman Vincent Vittoz, who won the World Championships in 2002.

Women

Mateja Bogatec from Italy has been one of the most successful female rollers since the beginning of the FIS World Cup in 2000.

Equipment

Roller skis for classic and skate style skiing are used, as well as "combi" skis which may be used for either technique. Off-road rollerskis are a variation designed for rougher surface conditions.

Classic style rollerskis usually have wide wheels to improve balance and better simulate classic ski technique. The wheel diameter is often less than 75mm to reduce the overall weight of the rollerskis. A ratchet mechanism is installed in either the front or rear wheel of each classic rollerski to allow uni-directional travel and simulate propulsion from classic ski strides on snow. The non-ratcheted wheel on each classic rollerski is free-rolling.

Skate rollerski wheels are usually 24 millimetres (0.94 in) wide (similar to those used on inline skates) with a wheel diameter of 100mm. 105mm skate rollerski wheels are a less common standard. Pneumatic rollerski wheels are also available but are especially rare and require pneumatic specific rollerskis. Pneumatic roller ski wheels have significantly greater diameter than non-pneumatic rollerski wheels. Both wheels on skate rollerskis are free-rolling.

Rollerski shafts may be composed of many different materials depending on the manufacturer and model. Wood was originally used, though this has mostly been replaced by aluminum, fiberglass, kevlar, carbon fiber or a combination of these materials. The wheelbase of skate rollerskis is typically around 610mm while classic rollerskis generally have a wheelbase of at least 700mm. The longer shafts of classic rollerskis help provide a better simulation of snow skiing. Many manufacturers sell junior roller skis, with shorter shafts to reduce the overall weight for younger skiers. Longer shafts generally provide straighter tracking and more stability. Rollerskis also feel more balanced when the bindings are properly mounted as close to balance point as possible. The bindings should never be mounted in a place that allows the cross country boot to be attached behind the balance point of the rollerski.

Wheels are connected to rollerski shafts using arms that are either integrated into the shaft design or mounted to the shaft using bolts. Most composite rollerski frames made of fiberglass or carbon fiber have aluminum arms mounted with bolts.

There are also types of roller skis that have 3 wheels, with one on the front and two on the back. These are less common more recently due to extra weight on rear created tail drop.

Roller skis with pneumatic tires (such as skikes) are available for rough pavement and off-road use.

Normal cross-country ski bindings and ski boots can be used with most roller skis, though some manufacturers produce special roller ski versions for the warmer weather use including Alpina, Botas, and Fischer. Cross-country ski poles are also used, with the basket replaced by a ferrule, essentially a reinforced carbide steel spike molded into strong plastic.

Extra protective clothing is recommended: full-finger gloves, helmet, eyewear, and knee and elbow pads. Many ski training programs require the use of helmets while roller skiing.

Roller skiing is most popular in Europe particularly France, Italy, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Sweden, and Russia, where there are many serious races and even a World Cup Circuit. In North America, roller skiing is popular in areas with many Nordic skiers such as Ontario, Alberta, Alaska, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

Nordic blading

Nordic blading is a sport which uses ski poles with special tips and inline skates or roller skis. The sport has been practiced for over 80 years and is undergoing a revival. The benefits of Nordic blading are similar to that of cross-country skiing if performed correctly. Nordic blading can be more risky than inline skating as the poles complicate balance and coordination.

Types of techniques used

 
Marwe achieves flex by using a composite frame like a snow ski with aluminum forks bolted on.
  • One-skate (V1)
  • Two-skate (V2)
  • Offset
  • Free Skate
  • Double Poling
  • Diagonal Stride
  • Double Pole-Kick (Step-Double pole)
  • Downhill (Tuck, Free Skate, Slalom, etc.)

Equipment needed

  • Roller skis
  • Poles
  • Boots
  • Helmet
  • Protective eyewear (optional; mandatory in some competitions)
  • Gloves (recommended)
  • Knee and elbow pads (recommended)

See also

References

  1. ^ Bryhn, Rolf and Knut Are Tvedt (eds.): Kunnskapsforlagets idrettsleksikon. (Norwegian Encyclopedia of Sports). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, 1990.
  2. ^ Andersen, Inge and Per Nymoen: Langrenn. Trening, teknikk, taktikk. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1991.
  3. ^ Stjørdalens Blad, 23 September 2014 (report from the Norwegian roller ski championship).
  4. ^ Dagsavisen, 26 September 2014, page 12-13.
  5. ^ a b c "Skiroll - History of the rollerski in Italy". www.skiroll.it. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  6. ^ http://www.rolski.nl/historie-van-langlaufpagina-nl

External links

  Media related to Roller skiing at Wikimedia Commons

August 22, 2023
roller, skiing, snow, equivalent, cross, country, skiing, roller, skis, have, wheels, their, ends, used, hard, surface, emulate, cross, country, skiing, skiing, techniques, used, very, similar, techniques, used, cross, country, skiing, snow, roller, skisfirst,. Roller skiing is an off snow equivalent to cross country skiing Roller skis have wheels on their ends and are used on a hard surface to emulate cross country skiing 1 2 The skiing techniques used are very similar to techniques used in cross country skiing on snow Roller skisFirst created as a summer training exercise roller skiing grew into a competitive sport in its own right Annual championships are held in various locations around the world 3 Most if not all national cross country ski teams around the world roller ski during the off season for specific physical training simulating winter skiing In Norway separate roller ski facilities have been constructed to allow exercise off public roads 4 Contents 1 History 2 Competition 2 1 World Cup and World Championships 2 1 1 Men 2 1 2 Women 3 Equipment 4 Nordic blading 4 1 Types of techniques used 4 2 Equipment needed 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThe first roller skis were built in the mid 1930s in Italy and North Europe In the early 1950s when cross country skiing started to evolve to a serious competition sport the necessity for good summer training grew Starting in the 1950s people experimented with skis on wheels In the 1970s something of a standard emerged and the first races took place At this time all roller skis had one wheel in front and two wheels at the back The metal frame was between 70 and 100 centimetres 2 4 and 3 4 long 5 Athletes felt they could start to engage themselves in competitions In 1976 Giustino Del Vecchio an air pilot established a record in Monza by doing 240 5 kilometres 149 4 mi in 24 hours on the roller skis he had designed using material and technologies from the aircraft industry narrow solid wheels with hard tread reverse lock up ball bearings to enable a forward push off the inactive ski 5 In the beginning the skis were developed with one wheel in front and two wheels behind The introduction of skating free technique in cross country skiing changed athletes training needs which consequently impacted the design of roller skis New roller skis with two wheels instead of three and much lighter materials could be used both for the classic style and skating 5 Competition EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Roller skiing race Skating technique Roller skiing race Classic technique The European Rollerski Federation was established around 1985 and the first European Championships were organized in the Netherlands in 1988 6 The growth of the roller ski sport attracted the notice of the International Ski Federation or FIS Federation Internationale de Ski In 1992 the FIS recognized roller skiing as a sport distinct from cross country skiing The first World Games were held in The Hague in 1993 and the first World Cup roller ski races later in the same year In 1998 in Prague the FIS granted roller skiing an official FIS World Championships On 30 August 3 September 2000 these competitions took place in the Netherlands Races have a variety of formats with different terrain Formats include relays sprints team races individual races and pursuit races Terrain varies from relatively flat to hilly On flat courses the speed can be as fast as 50 kilometres per hour 30 miles per hour Average speed on flat tracks in World Cup races can easily be 30 kilometres per hour 20 miles per hour As in regular cross country skiing the skiers compete in classic and freestyle Helmets and protective eyeglasses in competitions are mandatory World Cup and World Championships Edit Like their cross country counterparts the Italian Russian Norwegian Swedish German and French rollers have been very strong in competitions compared to other nations since the beginning of competitive roller skiing Note that World Roller Skiing championships are not officially sanctioned races by FIS or recognized sports governing bodies Men Edit So far the World Cup and World Championships have been dominated by a few skiers Successful roller skiers include Italian Alfio di Gregorio who has won the World Games three times and World Cup four times Russian Igor Glushkov who has won the World Cup three times and Frenchman Vincent Vittoz who won the World Championships in 2002 Women Edit Mateja Bogatec from Italy has been one of the most successful female rollers since the beginning of the FIS World Cup in 2000 Equipment EditThis section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed December 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The neutrality of this section is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met December 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Roller skis for classic and skate style skiing are used as well as combi skis which may be used for either technique Off road rollerskis are a variation designed for rougher surface conditions Classic style rollerskis usually have wide wheels to improve balance and better simulate classic ski technique The wheel diameter is often less than 75mm to reduce the overall weight of the rollerskis A ratchet mechanism is installed in either the front or rear wheel of each classic rollerski to allow uni directional travel and simulate propulsion from classic ski strides on snow The non ratcheted wheel on each classic rollerski is free rolling Skate rollerski wheels are usually 24 millimetres 0 94 in wide similar to those used on inline skates with a wheel diameter of 100mm 105mm skate rollerski wheels are a less common standard Pneumatic rollerski wheels are also available but are especially rare and require pneumatic specific rollerskis Pneumatic roller ski wheels have significantly greater diameter than non pneumatic rollerski wheels Both wheels on skate rollerskis are free rolling Rollerski shafts may be composed of many different materials depending on the manufacturer and model Wood was originally used though this has mostly been replaced by aluminum fiberglass kevlar carbon fiber or a combination of these materials The wheelbase of skate rollerskis is typically around 610mm while classic rollerskis generally have a wheelbase of at least 700mm The longer shafts of classic rollerskis help provide a better simulation of snow skiing Many manufacturers sell junior roller skis with shorter shafts to reduce the overall weight for younger skiers Longer shafts generally provide straighter tracking and more stability Rollerskis also feel more balanced when the bindings are properly mounted as close to balance point as possible The bindings should never be mounted in a place that allows the cross country boot to be attached behind the balance point of the rollerski Wheels are connected to rollerski shafts using arms that are either integrated into the shaft design or mounted to the shaft using bolts Most composite rollerski frames made of fiberglass or carbon fiber have aluminum arms mounted with bolts There are also types of roller skis that have 3 wheels with one on the front and two on the back These are less common more recently due to extra weight on rear created tail drop Roller skis with pneumatic tires such as skikes are available for rough pavement and off road use Normal cross country ski bindings and ski boots can be used with most roller skis though some manufacturers produce special roller ski versions for the warmer weather use including Alpina Botas and Fischer Cross country ski poles are also used with the basket replaced by a ferrule essentially a reinforced carbide steel spike molded into strong plastic Extra protective clothing is recommended full finger gloves helmet eyewear and knee and elbow pads Many ski training programs require the use of helmets while roller skiing Roller skiing is most popular in Europe particularly France Italy Norway Finland Estonia Sweden and Russia where there are many serious races and even a World Cup Circuit In North America roller skiing is popular in areas with many Nordic skiers such as Ontario Alberta Alaska New York Vermont New Hampshire Maine Minnesota Michigan and Wisconsin Nordic blading EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Nordic blading is a sport which uses ski poles with special tips and inline skates or roller skis The sport has been practiced for over 80 years and is undergoing a revival The benefits of Nordic blading are similar to that of cross country skiing if performed correctly Nordic blading can be more risky than inline skating as the poles complicate balance and coordination Types of techniques used Edit Marwe achieves flex by using a composite frame like a snow ski with aluminum forks bolted on One skate V1 Two skate V2 Offset Free Skate Double Poling Diagonal Stride Double Pole Kick Step Double pole Downhill Tuck Free Skate Slalom etc Equipment needed Edit Roller skis Poles Boots Helmet Protective eyewear optional mandatory in some competitions Gloves recommended Knee and elbow pads recommended See also EditNordic skiing Nordic walkingReferences Edit Bryhn Rolf and Knut Are Tvedt eds Kunnskapsforlagets idrettsleksikon Norwegian Encyclopedia of Sports Oslo Kunnskapsforlaget 1990 Andersen Inge and Per Nymoen Langrenn Trening teknikk taktikk Oslo Universitetsforlaget 1991 Stjordalens Blad 23 September 2014 report from the Norwegian roller ski championship Dagsavisen 26 September 2014 page 12 13 a b c Skiroll History of the rollerski in Italy www skiroll it Retrieved 2020 03 28 http www rolski nl historie van langlaufpagina nlExternal links Edit Media related to Roller skiing at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roller skiing amp oldid 1030231465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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