Rheum palmatum is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is commonly called Chinese rhubarb,[1][2]ornamental rhubarb,[3]Turkey rhubarb[2] or East Indian rhubarb.[2]
Rheum palmatum is a herbaceousperennial related to the edible rhubarb. It is primarily used in traditional medicine, and as an ornamental subject in the garden.
Agnia Losina-Losinskaja proposed classifying it in the sectionPalmata in the Flora SSSR in 1936.[4] In the 1998 Flora Republicae popularis Sinicae A. R. Li maintains this classification for this species.[5]
Descriptionedit
Loosely branched clusters of matured red flowers found on the lobed-leafed Chinese rhubarb.Habit of Rheum palmatum
Its lobed leaves are large, jagged and hand-shaped, growing in width to two feet. Chinese rhubarb has thick, deep roots.[6]
Similar speciesedit
The species Rheum tanguticum is closely related to R. palmatum.[7]
R. palmatum can be distinguished from R. × hybridum, the garden rhubarb we eat, by size; while garden rhubarb only grows to a few feet in height, Chinese rhubarb can grow to six feet.[6]
Rheum tanguticum, Rheum palmatum, R. rhabarbarum and R. officinale and a few others, are all harvested for their roots, which are used as a herbal medicine.[7]Rheum palmatum (or dahuang) is an important crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years.[8]
The dried roots of Chinese rhubarb became one of the most prominent items traded along the Silk Road.[6] Imported roots of various rhubarb species were widely used in Europe for hundreds of years before the identity of the plant was eventually discovered.[6] Some of the common names associated with Rheum palmatum – "Russian rhubarb", "Turkey rhubarb", and "Indian rhubarb" – are directly affiliated with the trade routes for rhubarb from China.[6]
The root is known for its purported purging effects and suppressing fever.[6] In ancient China, rhubarb root was taken to try to cure stomach ailments and as a "cathartic" (an agent used to relieve constipation), and used as a poultice for "fevers and edema" (swelling caused by fluid retention in the body tissues).[6] It was given its Latin name by Carolus Linnaeus in the year 1759 and first grown in Britain around 1762.[6]
The first International Symposium on Rhubarb was held in China in 1990. Its objective was to verify the scientific data and treatment of Chinese Rhubarb used by Chinese pharmacopoeias.[6]
Health risksedit
Pregnant women should avoid all intake of the plant since it may cause uterine stimulation.[6] If taken for an extended amount of time, adverse effects include: "hypertrophy of the liver, thyroid, and stomach, as well as nausea, griping, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea."[6]
Though the root of the Chinese rhubarb is a key facet of herbal medicine, its leaves can actually be poisonous if consumed in large amounts due to the oxalic acid content.[6] Patients with "arthritis, kidney problems, inflammatory bowel disease, or intestinal obstruction" should refrain from consumption.[6]
Cultivationedit
Ornamental useedit
With its large palmate leaves and tall panicles of pink flowers, Rheum palmatum is a bold statement plant for the temperate garden, that grows up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) tall and broad. It is hardy down to −20 °C (−4 °F).[9] It is propagated by seed in the spring, or by root division in spring or autumn.[7] It grows best in full sunlight in well-drained soil.[7]
Since it is the roots and rhizome which serve as this plant's source of medicinal usage, special care is taken in their preparation.[6] When 6–10 years old, the rhizomes of these plants are removed from the ground in the autumn when both its stems and leaves changed to yellow wild.[7] Furthermore, the removal of the lateral rootlets and the crown are removed, leaving only the root.[7] Any debris around the root is cleaned off, the coarse exterior bark removed, and the root cut and divided into cube-like pieces to increase its surface area, thereby decreasing the time needed for drying.[6]
Referencesedit
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rheum palmatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
^ abcEisenreich, Dan (1996–2010). "Rhubarb Botanical Information". The Rhubarb Compendium. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
^ abRuirui, Liu; Wang, Ailan; Tian, Xinmin; Wang, Dongshi; Liu, Jianquan (2010). "Uniformity of karyotypes in Rheum (Polygonaceae), a species-rich genus in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions". Caryologia Firenze. 63 (1): 82–90. doi:10.1080/00087114.2010.10589711. S2CID 86616077. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
^ abcdefghijklmnopFoster, Steven (2006). Desk Reference to Nature's Medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. pp. 104–105. ISBN0-7922-3666-1.
^ abcdefChevallier, Andrew (2000). Natural Health: Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. New York: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 127. ISBN0-7894-6783-6.
^Piątek, Marcin; Lutz, Matthias; Wang, Yan; Wang, Shengrong; Kellner, Ronny (August 2021). "Thecaphora dahuangis, a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang (Rheum palmatum) in China". Plant Pathology. 70 (6): 1292–1299. doi:10.1111/ppa.13385.
^"RHS Plantfinder – Rheum palmatum". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
^"AGM Plants – Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 84. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
^"RHS Plantfinder – Rheum 'Ace of Hearts'". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
rheum, palmatum, species, flowering, plant, knotweed, family, polygonaceae, commonly, called, chinese, rhubarb, ornamental, rhubarb, turkey, rhubarb, east, indian, rhubarb, scientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tracheophytesclade, angiospermsclade, . Rheum palmatum is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae It is commonly called Chinese rhubarb 1 2 ornamental rhubarb 3 Turkey rhubarb 2 or East Indian rhubarb 2 Rheum palmatumScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily PolygonaceaeGenus RheumSpecies R palmatumBinomial nameRheum palmatumL Rheum palmatumRheum palmatum is a herbaceous perennial related to the edible rhubarb It is primarily used in traditional medicine and as an ornamental subject in the garden Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 2 1 Similar species 2 2 Karyotypy 3 Distribution 4 Folk medicine 4 1 Health risks 5 Cultivation 5 1 Ornamental use 5 2 Farming as medicinal herb 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editAgnia Losina Losinskaja proposed classifying it in the section Palmata in the Flora SSSR in 1936 4 In the 1998 Flora Republicae popularis Sinicae A R Li maintains this classification for this species 5 Description edit nbsp Loosely branched clusters of matured red flowers found on the lobed leafed Chinese rhubarb nbsp Habit of Rheum palmatumIts lobed leaves are large jagged and hand shaped growing in width to two feet Chinese rhubarb has thick deep roots 6 Similar species edit The species Rheum tanguticum is closely related to R palmatum 7 R palmatum can be distinguished from R hybridum the garden rhubarb we eat by size while garden rhubarb only grows to a few feet in height Chinese rhubarb can grow to six feet 6 Karyotypy edit R palmatum has a chromosome count of 2n 22 5 Distribution editIt is native in the regions of western China northern Tibet and the Mongolian Plateau 6 Folk medicine edit nbsp The cut up and dried root of Chinese rhubarbRheum tanguticum Rheum palmatum R rhabarbarum and R officinale and a few others are all harvested for their roots which are used as a herbal medicine 7 Rheum palmatum or dahuang is an important crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2 000 years 8 The dried roots of Chinese rhubarb became one of the most prominent items traded along the Silk Road 6 Imported roots of various rhubarb species were widely used in Europe for hundreds of years before the identity of the plant was eventually discovered 6 Some of the common names associated with Rheum palmatum Russian rhubarb Turkey rhubarb and Indian rhubarb are directly affiliated with the trade routes for rhubarb from China 6 The root is known for its purported purging effects and suppressing fever 6 In ancient China rhubarb root was taken to try to cure stomach ailments and as a cathartic an agent used to relieve constipation and used as a poultice for fevers and edema swelling caused by fluid retention in the body tissues 6 It was given its Latin name by Carolus Linnaeus in the year 1759 and first grown in Britain around 1762 6 The first International Symposium on Rhubarb was held in China in 1990 Its objective was to verify the scientific data and treatment of Chinese Rhubarb used by Chinese pharmacopoeias 6 Health risks edit Pregnant women should avoid all intake of the plant since it may cause uterine stimulation 6 If taken for an extended amount of time adverse effects include hypertrophy of the liver thyroid and stomach as well as nausea griping abdominal pain vomiting and diarrhea 6 Though the root of the Chinese rhubarb is a key facet of herbal medicine its leaves can actually be poisonous if consumed in large amounts due to the oxalic acid content 6 Patients with arthritis kidney problems inflammatory bowel disease or intestinal obstruction should refrain from consumption 6 Cultivation editOrnamental use edit nbsp With its large palmate leaves and tall panicles of pink flowers Rheum palmatum is a bold statement plant for the temperate garden that grows up to 2 5 m 8 2 ft tall and broad It is hardy down to 20 C 4 F 9 It is propagated by seed in the spring or by root division in spring or autumn 7 It grows best in full sunlight in well drained soil 7 The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 10 Ace of Hearts 11 compact cultivar to 1 5 m 4 9 ft Bowles s Crimson 12 Hadspen Crimson 13 Farming as medicinal herb edit Since it is the roots and rhizome which serve as this plant s source of medicinal usage special care is taken in their preparation 6 When 6 10 years old the rhizomes of these plants are removed from the ground in the autumn when both its stems and leaves changed to yellow wild 7 Furthermore the removal of the lateral rootlets and the crown are removed leaving only the root 7 Any debris around the root is cleaned off the coarse exterior bark removed and the root cut and divided into cube like pieces to increase its surface area thereby decreasing the time needed for drying 6 References edit USDA NRCS n d Rheum palmatum The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 1 February 2016 a b c Eisenreich Dan 1996 2010 Rhubarb Botanical Information The Rhubarb Compendium Retrieved 2011 02 07 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 Lozina Lozinskaya Agniya Sergeevna 1936 Rheum In Komaro v Vladi mir Leo ntevich ed Flora SSSR Vol 5 in Russian Moscow Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR pp 500 501 a b Ruirui Liu Wang Ailan Tian Xinmin Wang Dongshi Liu Jianquan 2010 Uniformity of karyotypes in Rheum Polygonaceae a species rich genus in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions Caryologia Firenze 63 1 82 90 doi 10 1080 00087114 2010 10589711 S2CID 86616077 Retrieved 24 March 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Foster Steven 2006 Desk Reference to Nature s Medicine Washington D C National Geographic Society pp 104 105 ISBN 0 7922 3666 1 a b c d e f Chevallier Andrew 2000 Natural Health Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine New York Dorling Kindersley pp 127 ISBN 0 7894 6783 6 Piatek Marcin Lutz Matthias Wang Yan Wang Shengrong Kellner Ronny August 2021 Thecaphora dahuangis a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang Rheum palmatum in China Plant Pathology 70 6 1292 1299 doi 10 1111 ppa 13385 RHS Plantfinder Rheum palmatum Retrieved 23 September 2018 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 84 Retrieved 27 September 2018 RHS Plantfinder Rheum Ace of Hearts Retrieved 23 September 2018 RHS Plantfinder Rheum palmatum Bowles s Crimson Retrieved 23 September 2018 RHS Plantfinder Rheum palmatum Hadspen Crimson Retrieved 23 September 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rheum palmatum amp oldid 1180311676, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
