Wikipedia
List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.321
This is a list of instruments sorted according to thr Hornbostel-Sachs number system, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.321 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked bowl lutes.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.321: Instrument whose body is shaped like a bowl (necked bowl lutes)
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
List
| Instrument | Tradition | Hornbostel–Sachs classification | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| angélique | French classical music | 321.321 | Pear-shaped, plucked, with 15-17 strings |
| archlute Italian arciliuto, Erzlaute, Архилютня | Western classical music | 321.321 | Plucked |
| baglamas | Greece | 321.321 | Pear-shaped, long-necked |
| bağlama | Middle East and Central Asia | 321.321 | |
| balalaika[1] | Russia | 321.321 | Triangle-shaped lute-type instrument |
| bandora | 321.321 | ||
| bandura[2] | Ukraine | 321.321 | Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood |
| banduria[3] | Philippines | 321.321 | Pear-shaped mandolin-like instrument, part of the rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, laúds, guitars, and basses. |
| banhu | China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| banzouki | 321.321 | ||
| barbat | Persian | 321.321 | |
| biwa | Japan | 321.321 | Short-necked, fretted |
| bouzouki[4] | Greece, Modern | 321.321 | String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum |
| buzuq | Middle Eastern | 321.321 | Long-necked, fretted |
| charango [5] charanga | Bolivia | 321.321-6 | Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell |
| charango [6] charanga, chillador | Peru | 321.321-6 | Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back |
| chillador | 321.321 | Small fretted instrument | |
| chitarra Italiana | Renaissance Italy | 321.322 | Plucked |
| cimboa | Cape Verde | 321.322 | Bowed |
| cittern | 321.322 | ||
| dambura | Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan | 321.321 | Wooden plucked instrument |
| Đàn gáo | Vietnam | 321.321 | Bowed two-stringed instrument |
| Đàn tỳ bà | Vietnam | 321.321 | Plucked four-stringed instrument |
| dangubica | Croatia | 321.321 | |
| dilruba | India | 321.321 | |
| dombra[7][8] | Central Asia | 321.321-6 | Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum |
| domra | Russia | 321.321 | |
| dotara | Bangladesh | 321.321 | |
| dramyin[9] dranyen, dramnyen | Bhutan | 321.321 | Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole |
| dutar | Central Asia | 321.321 | Long-necked, two-stringed instrument |
| erhu | China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| erxian | China, especially Cantonese | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| esraj | India | 321.321 | |
| gadulka | Bulgaria | 321.321 | |
| gambus | Arab | 321.321 | |
| gittern guitarra, guiterne or guiterre, Italy, quintern | Europe | 321.321 | stringed instrument, typical four courses/8 strings, more courses possible, also possible to string with 4-6 single strings |
| gusle[10][11] gusla | Southeastern Europe | 321.321-71 | Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg |
| huluhu | China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| igil | Tuva | 321.321 | |
| jing erhu | China | 321.321 | |
| kamancheh | Persian | 321.321 | |
| kobyz | Kazakhstan | 321.321 | |
| komuz[12][13] | Kyrgyzstan | 321.321 | Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings |
| laouto | Greece | 321.321 | |
| laúd | Spain | 321.321 | |
| lavta | Armenia, Greece, Turkey | 321.321 | |
| liuqin | China | 321.321 | Four-stringed |
| mandola | 321.321 | ||
| mandolin[14][15] | Italy. Spread to Europe and worldwide. | 321.321 | Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, typically 4 courses/8 strings. The types belonging to this category have a flat or canted soundboard and round bowl-back Mandolin performance (help·info) |
| mandolin, octave | 321.321 | ||
| mando-bass | 321.321 | Bass mandolin | |
| mandocello | 321.321 | ||
| mandolute | 321.321 | ||
| mandore mandora (not the bass range instrument), mandola (not the same as the modern mandola), vandola, mandörgen, quinterne | Europe | 321.321 | stringed instrument, strung either 4-6 single strings or 4-6 courses of 2 strings |
| mandriola | 321.321 | ||
| orpharion | 321.321 | ||
| oud [16] | Arab | 321.321-6 | Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick |
| pandur | Chechnya | 321.321 | |
| pandura | 321.321 | ||
| panduri | Georgia | 321.321 | |
| pipa[17] | China | 321.321-5 | Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking |
| rubab[1][18] rabab | Afghanistan | 321.321-6 | Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings |
| sallaneh | 321.321 | ||
| Saraswati veena | India | 321.321 | |
| Šargija | Southeastern Europe | 321.321 | |
| saz[19][20] bağlama, kopuz | Turkey | 321.321-6 | Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings |
| setar | Iran | 321.321 | Pear-shaped lute with a long neck, three or four strings, plucked with the index finger of the right hand |
| sitar | India | 321.321 | |
| surbahar | India | 321.321 | |
| tamburica[21][22] tamburitza | Croatia | 321.321 | Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings |
| theorbo | Europe | 321.321 | Lute-like stringed instrument with an extended neck and two pegboxes. |
| tricordia | 321.321 | |
References
Notes
- ^ a b ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Jarosewich, Irene. . Ukraine Weekly. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
The bandura will always be known as Ukraine's national instrument.
- ^ Aning, Jerome (November 23, 2007). . Inquirer Entertainment. Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Grahn, Göran (April 1999). "Review of Musikkens Tjenere - Instrument - Forsker - Musiker by Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp". The Galpin Society Journal. 52: 367–368. doi:10.2307/842547. JSTOR 842547.
- ^ Baumann, Max Peter (1997). "Review of Bolivie: Charangos et guitarrillas du Norte Potosi by Florindo Alvis and Jean-Marc Grassler". Yearbook for Traditional Music. 29 (1997): 200–201. JSTOR 768327.
- ^ Bennett, Caroline. "Music in Peru". Viva Travel Guides. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Levin, Theodore C. . National Geographic World Music. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Mirseitova, Sapargul (2005). (PDF). WLT Kids. World Literature Today. Archived from the original (pdf) on May 25, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham (2000). World Music. James McConnachie. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- ^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (pdf). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Cobza". Eliznik. 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Golos, George S. (January 1961). "Kirghiz Instruments and Instrumental Music". Ethnomusicology. Ethnomusicology, Vol. 5, No. 1. 5 (1): 42–48. doi:10.2307/924307. JSTOR 924307.
- ^ Roger Vetter. "Mandolin - Neapolitan". Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
- ^ Jahnel, Franz; Nicholas Clarke (2000). Manual of Guitar Technology: Chords Especially for Lefties. Bold Strummer. ISBN 0-933224-99-0.
- ^ Project Results (pdf). The Music Inter-Cultural X-Change: Project for Peace in Israelpublisher=The Boston Conservatory. p. 2. Retrieved December 26, 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Millward, James. "From Camelback to Carnegie Hall: the Global Journey and Modern Makeover of the Pipa". AAS Annual Meeting. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham; James McConnachie; Orla Duane (eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- ^ . Glossary. National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Considered the national instrument of Turkey.
- ^ Koprulu, Mehmed Fuad; Devin DeWeese (2006). Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser; Robert Dankoff. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36686-0.
- ^ . National Geographic World Music. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Erdely, Stephen (1979). "Ethnic Music in the United States: An Overview". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11. 11: 114–137. doi:10.2307/767568. JSTOR 767568.
The tamburitza... is the national instrument of the Croatians.