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Wikipedia

Raymond Leo Burke

February 15, 2024

Raymond Leo Burke (born June 30, 1948) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He is a bishop and a cardinal, and was a patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 2014 to 2023. He led the Archdiocese of St. Louis from 2004 to 2008 and the Diocese of La Crosse from 1995 to 2004. From 2008 to 2014, he was the prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.

His Eminence

Raymond Leo Burke
Patron Emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Burke in 2014
ChurchCatholic
AppointedNovember 8, 2014
RetiredJune 19, 2023
PredecessorPaolo Sardi
SuccessorGianfranco Ghirlanda
Other post(s)Cardinal Priest of Sant'Agata de' Goti (2021–present)
Orders
OrdinationJune 29, 1975
by Pope Paul VI
ConsecrationJanuary 6, 1995
by Pope John Paul II
Created cardinalNovember 20, 2010
by Pope Benedict XVI
Rank
Personal details
Born
Raymond Leo Burke

(1948-06-30) June 30, 1948 (age 75)
Richland Center, Wisconsin, U.S.
ResidenceRome, Italy
Previous post(s)
Education
MottoSecundum cor tuum
(Latin for 'According to Your heart')
Coat of arms
Ordination history
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byPope Paul VI
DateJune 29, 1975
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorPope John Paul II
Co-consecrators
DateJanuary 6, 1995
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Raymond Leo Burke as principal consecrator
Robert FinnMay 3, 2004
Philip TartagliaNovember 20, 2005
James Vann Johnston, Jr.March 31, 2008
Styles of
Raymond Leo Burke
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal

A canon lawyer,[1] Burke is perceived as a voice of traditionalism[2][3] among prelates of the Catholic Church. He established a reputation as a conservative leader while serving in La Crosse and St. Louis. Burke is a major proponent of the Tridentine Mass, having frequently offered it and conferred ordinations on traditionalist priests. He has criticized what he sees as deficiencies in the post-1969 Mass of Paul VI.[4] He is frequently seen as a de facto leader of the church's conservative wing.[5][6]

Burke has publicly clashed with Pope Francis, vigorously opposing attempts by other bishops to relax church attitudes towards gay people and those Catholics who have divorced and remarried outside the church. Burke has opined that Catholic politicians who support legalized abortion, including presidential candidate John Kerry and President Joe Biden, should not receive the Eucharist.[7][8] While Burke has denied allegations of disloyalty to Pope Francis, a number of Burke's statements have been interpreted as criticisms, once mentioning the possible need to "formally correct" the pope in relation to Amoris laetitia. This has led to a backlash from some Catholics towards Burke.[9][10][11][12]

In September 2015, the Vatican announced that Burke had been reappointed to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, from which he had been removed in December 2013, but not to his more influential positions on the Congregation for Bishops and the Apostolic Signatura. In 2016, he was not reappointed as a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship.[13] In February 2017, Burke was again sidelined when Pope Francis appointed Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu as his special delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, with exclusive responsibility for the duties which would normally be exercised by Burke as its patron.[14] Albrecht von Boeselager, the order's grand chancellor, announced that this meant Burke was "de facto suspended" from the patronage.[15] Pope Francis reappointed him as a rank-and-file member of the Apostolic Signatura in September 2017. In November 2023, Pope Francis reportedly evicted Burke from his subsidized Vatican apartment and removed his salary as a retired cardinal.[16]

Early life edit

Burke was born on June 30, 1948, in Richland Center, Wisconsin,[17] the youngest of the six children of Thomas F. and Marie B. Burke. He is of Irish heritage with ancestors from Cork and Tipperary.[18] Burke attended St. Mary's Parish School in Richland Center from 1954 to 1959. (In 2012, an addition to the school was named the Raymond Cardinal Burke Annex in his honor.)[19][20] The family later moved to Stratford, Wisconsin. From 1962 to 1968, he attended Holy Cross Seminary in La Crosse, Wisconsin. From 1968 to 1971, he studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., as a Basselin scholar,[21] receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970 and a Master of Arts degree in 1971, both in philosophy. He completed studies for the priesthood at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome between 1971 and 1975, receiving a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree and a Master of Arts degree. Pope Paul VI ordained Burke to the priesthood on June 29, 1975, in St. Peter's Basilica.[22]

Priestly ministry edit

After his ordination to the priesthood, Burke was assigned as assistant rector of the Cathedral of St. Joseph the Workman in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He also taught religion at Aquinas High School in La Crosse (where a new addition was named the Bishop Burke Hall in his honor in 1997 and then in 2011 was renamed the Cardinal Burke Hall).[23][24][25] From 1980 to 1984, Burke studied canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, where he received a licentiate in canon law in 1982 and a doctorate in canon law in 1984. He then returned to La Crosse where he was named the Moderator of the Curia and Vice Chancellor of the La Crosse diocese. In 1989, Pope John Paul II named Burke the first American Defender of the Bond of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, the highest ecclesiastical court in the Catholic Church.[22]

Episcopal ministry edit

Bishop of La Crosse edit

On December 10, 1994, Pope John Paul II named Burke as bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse and consecrated him on January 6, 1995, at St. Peter's Basilica. Burke took possession of the see of La Crosse on February 22, 1995.[26]

In 2000, Burke convened the fifth diocesan synod for the Diocese of La Crosse, which resulted in the publication of Synod V, acts: celebrated June 11–14, 2000 in 2003.[27] In 2002, he was influential in founding the Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem, an order of Augustinian canons dedicated to the Tridentine Mass, the traditional form of the liturgy in the Latin Church.[28]

Two anonymous priests in the Diocese of La Crosse said that Burke's leadership was divisive. People in his diocese had divided opinions of him. One such example was the construction of the $25 million Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, patroness of the Americas, with critics saying that the money used should have gone to the poor, while Burke defended the move as a fruitful way to raise spiritual devotion. Another was the diocese's withdrawal from Church World Service's annual Crop Walk because some of the money raised was being used to purchase condoms in developing countries. Burke also welcomed numerous traditional orders to his diocese, including the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (ICKSP), whose priests offer exclusively the Tridentine Mass. Two priests left the diocese as a result of his policies.[29][30] Burke closed a number of schools while also raising teachers' salaries. His style was noted by some of his aides to be more formal than that of his predecessor, John Joseph Paul, although his aides described him as warm and approachable in private. During his tenure, the diocese continued to participate in charitable efforts while also increasing its moral and political activism.[30]

Archbishop of St. Louis edit

 
Burke as Archbishop of St Louis

On December 2, 2003, Burke was named Archbishop of St. Louis, succeeding Cardinal Justin Francis Rigali, who had been appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia.[30][31][32] He was installed on January 26, 2004, and was presented with the pallium on June 29, 2004, by Pope John Paul II. In St. Louis, Burke emphasized the promotion of vocations to the priesthood. He also published a column in the archdiocesan weekly newspaper, the Saint Louis Review. In both La Crosse and St. Louis, Burke established oratories for those desiring to worship according to the traditional form. As he had done in La Crosse, he invited the Institute of Christ the King into his diocese and ordained priests for the group both in the U.S. and abroad. His ordination of two ICKSP priests on June 15, 2007, in a Solemn Pontifical High Mass marked the first time in 40 years that the Tridentine rite of ordination had been used in the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.[33] In 2006, when Missouri voters narrowly approved an amendment to the state constitution permitting embryonic stem cell research, he said it meant that "our tiniest brothers and sisters ... will be made legally the subjects, the slaves, of those who wish to manipulate and destroy their lives for the sake of supposed scientific and technological progress."[34]

During his tenure, Burke escalated a long-running dispute over the attempted closing of a church in the diocese, St. Stanislaus Kostka Church, and the ownership of its significant assets. After Father Marek Bozek led a Christmas Eve Mass in 2005 despite the archdiocese's previous attempted closure of the parish, Burke "declare[d] that the church was in 'schism'", a designation that led to the excommunication of Bozek and the church's lay board.[35] In 2012, a state court ruled against the diocese and sided with the congregation, now an independent Catholic church, and awarded it full ownership of the significant parish assets.[35]

In July 2006, Benedict XVI appointed Burke a member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, the highest court in the Catholic Church.[36] On May 6, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI gave Burke two Vatican assignments. He was named a member of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, which interprets canon law, and a member of the Congregation for the Clergy.[37]

Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura edit

On June 27, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Burke Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.[38] Burke was appointed a member of several dicasteries of the Roman Curia: on May 6, 2008, of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, which authoritatively interprets canon law, and of the Congregation for the Clergy, which regulates the formation and training of diocesan priests and deacons; on October 17, 2009, of the Congregation for Bishops, which oversees the appointment of most Latin Church bishops outside mission territories;[39] on July 6, 2010, of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments;[40] on July 24, 2010, of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints;[41] and on January 29, 2011, of the Council of Cardinals and Bishops of the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State.[42] On October 7, 2008, Burke was appointed President of the Commission for Advocates, which is responsible for admitting qualified canon lawyers to a registry of those who may practice in the Vatican's courts.[43]

On March 11, 2010, in the wake of the sexual abuse scandal that had come to light in Europe, Burke said that the Vatican needed to prepare a document that outlined a set of explicit guidelines rooted in Canon Law that would guide bishops and their local tribunals worldwide in determining how to report the cases to the Holy See, so as to speed up the process by which justice is done for the victims. Changes would also be made to a policy that provided for high levels of secrecy in the process.[44]

College of Cardinals edit

 
Burke at a Mass at St. Clement Eucharistic Shrine in Boston, 2010

On November 20, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI made Burke Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Agata dei Goti, the fifth Archbishop of St. Louis to become a member of the College of Cardinals. On February 5, 2011, the memorial of Saint Agatha, Burke took canonical possession of his titular church in Rome.[45]

In October 2012, Burke was appointed the President of the Commission for Controversies at the 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops.[46]

Burke was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.[47]

On December 16, 2013, Pope Francis made extensive changes to the Congregation for Bishops, the influential Vatican department that oversees the selection and assignment of bishops, and Burke was not reappointed a member. Some speculated this reflected the fact that Burke takes "a more aggressive line than the pope on the Western culture wars".[48] According to Archbishop and former apostolic nuncio to the United States Carlo Maria Viganò, Burke's removal happened due to the influence of Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, Archbishop Emeritus of Washington, but Viganò's interpretation has not been independently verified.[49]

After ten years at the rank of cardinal deacon, Burke exercised his option to assume the rank of cardinal priest, which Pope Francis confirmed on May 3, 2021.[50]

Apostolic Signatura and Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta edit

On November 4, 2014, Burke publicly complained that "There is a strong sense that the church is like a ship without a rudder." He balanced his critique by stating that he did not want to be interpreted as criticizing the pope.[51]

On November 8, four days later, Pope Francis removed Burke as prefect of the Apostolic Signatura[52][53][54] and named him Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, a largely ceremonial post usually given to a retired cardinal or as a secondary job to an active one.[55]

Many perceived Burke's dismissal as related to his "rudderless ship" comment.[56] Pope Francis denied that removing Burke as head of the Vatican's highest court was a "punishment" for his outspoken conservative views at the 2014 Synod on the Family, saying that he wanted a "smart American" to serve as patron of the Order of Malta. The pontiff said that the move was part of a broader restructuring of the Vatican bureaucracy that had been decided well before the synod, but he had waited until after the synod to make it official so Burke could still participate in the meeting as the head of a Vatican department.[57]

On June 19, 2023, Pope Francis named Cardinal Gianfranco Ghirlanda to succeed Burke as patron.[58] It was noted that Burke was removed when he was still 74, short of the customary retirement age of 75, and that his replacement was 80.[59] In November 2023, Pope Francis reportedly evicted Cardinal Burke from his subsidized Vatican apartment and removed his salary as a retired cardinal.[16]

Myanmar condom controversy edit

In spite of the usually ceremonial nature of his new position, trouble surfaced for Burke by early 2017 after it was revealed that he and then Knights of Malta Grand Master Matthew Festing had worked to oust Chancellor Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager for supplying condoms to people in Myanmar in contradiction to official Catholic teaching, which prohibits artificial contraception.[60][61] On February 2, 2017, Pope Francis sidelined Burke as the Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta by appointing Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu as his special delegate to the order with exclusive responsibility for the duties normally exercised by the Patron.[14] On February 21, Albrecht von Boeselager, the order's grand chancellor, announced that this meant Burke was "de facto suspended" from the patronage.[15]

Other service in the Roman Curia edit

On September 26, 2015, Pope Francis named him a member of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.[62][63]

In November 2016, Pope Francis removed Burke from the membership of the Congregation for Divine Worship. This was seen to be in response to the dubia (Latin for doubts) submitted by him, together with three other cardinals, to elements of Amoris laetitia which appear to them to be at odds with Catholic moral teaching, notably with regard to the treatment of divorced persons. Burke had indicated that in the absence of a response to the dubia a “formal correction” of Pope Francis would probably follow.[13]

Beginning in February 2017, Burke presided over a five-judge panel at the church trial of Archbishop Anthony Sablan Apuron of Agaña in Guam on charges of sexual abuse of minors.[64] In March 2018, the court found Apuron guilty and ordered that he be removed from office.[65]

In September 2017, Francis reappointed him a rank and file member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, but he did not regain his earlier position as prefect.[66][67]

Institute for Human Dignity and Holy League edit

Burke previously chaired the advisory board of the Institute for Human Dignity, a Catholic-inspired non-governmental organization based in Rome.[68] Burke terminated his relationship with the institute in June 2019 amid its being identified increasingly publicly with the political program of Steve Bannon.[69]

In March 2015, he became the leader of the Holy League , on the 444th anniversary of the Holy League called by Pope Pius V against the Ottoman empire in 1571. The modern Holy League describes itself as a parish-based network of men united in devotion to the Blessed Sacrament.[70]

Views edit

Comments on Pope Francis and criticism edit

Burke is widely viewed as a leader of the conservative wing of the church, and de facto leader in the United States to those that oppose the reforms under Pope Francis.[71] Shortly after Pope Francis did not reappoint him to the Congregation of Bishops, Burke said, "One gets the impression, or it's interpreted this way in the media, that he thinks we're talking too much about abortion, too much about the integrity of marriage as between one man and one woman. But we can never talk enough about that."[72]

Burke has denied media perceptions that the Pope planned to change the Catholic Church's teaching on moral issues. He said that people "hardened against the truth" would claim that the Pope wants to change church teachings that today's secularized culture rejects. He also said "their false praise of the Holy Father's approach mocks the fact that he is the Successor of Saint Peter", and that he consequently "rejects the acceptance and praise of the world".[73][74] Pope Francis spoke favorably of Burke in 2017, saying, "I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy." He also called Burke "an excellent lawyer."[75]

In an interview with The Wanderer on January 10, 2019, Burke denounced Pope Francis's September 2018 Holy See–China Agreement. He said that it was "in effect ... a repudiation of generations of martyrs and confessors of the Faith in China". Burke also criticized the notion of "synodality", in which authority is removed from the pope and placed in the hands of bishops. "In listening to the Pope, one is given the impression that he is giving more and more authority to individual bishops and Conferences of Bishops. But this is not the Catholic Church", Burke said. He accused promoters of synodality of attempting to effect a "revolution" in the church, the end of which would result in Catholicism being practiced differently in various countries, to the overall detriment of the church.[76]

Burke's perceived status as an ultra-conservative and opponent of Pope Francis has led to criticism.[11][12] Some bishops have refused to allow him to host conferences in their dioceses, and a number of priests have protested against him and accused him of "spreading propaganda against the Pope".[11] The National Catholic Reporter published a highly critical editorial about Burke in July 2019, castigating him as "the modern version of that religious leader that drew some of Jesus' harshest condemnations, those who placed undue burdens on others and pronounced themselves the undisputed bearers of truth." It rebuked him for allegedly wanting to "reconstitute the clericalism that is at the heart of the sex abuse cover-up scandal that continues to undermine the authority of the church," and for attempting "to replace the dynamism of Francis' model of accompaniment with a return to a statute-bound and static institution in service of itself."[12] Catholic academic Mark Silk has publicly accused Burke of committing the heresy of "Americanism" and of disobeying the Pope.[77] His conflicts with Pope Francis and the Vatican have been seen as symbolic of an ongoing large-scale conflict "between a more progressive Vatican and the American church".[78]

On June 10, 2019, Burke, Cardinal Jānis Pujats, and Kazakh bishops Tomasz Peta, Jan Paul Lenga, and Athanasius Schneider published a 40-point "Declaration of Truths" claiming to reaffirm traditional church teaching. The bishops wrote that such a declaration was necessary in a time of "almost universal doctrinal confusion and disorientation." Specific passages in the declaration implicitly related to several writings by Pope Francis, and some of them were seen as criticism or even opposition.[12][79] The declaration states that "the religion born of faith in Jesus Christ" is the "only religion positively willed by God," seemingly alluding to the Document on Human Fraternity signed by Pope Francis on February 4, which stated that the "diversity of religions" is "willed by God." Following recent changes to the Catechism of the Catholic Church to oppose capital punishment, the declaration states that the church "did not err" in teaching that civil authorities may "lawfully exercise capital punishment" when it is "truly necessary" to preserve the "just order of societies".[79]

In September 2019, Burke and Schneider published an 8-page letter denouncing what they alleged to be six theological errors in the working document for the Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region and asking that Pope Francis "confirm his brethren in the faith by an unambiguous rejection of the errors." Burke and Schneider criticized the document for its "implicit pantheism," support for married clergy and a greater role for women in the liturgy, and for what they considered to be excessive openness to pagan rituals and practices common among the Amazonian peoples. They asked that the laity and the clergy pray at least one decade of the Rosary and fast weekly for the rejection of such ideas over a 40-day period, from September 17 to October 26.[80]

Abortion and embryonic stem-cell research edit

During the 2004 presidential election, Burke stated that he would not give communion to John Kerry or other Catholic politicians who publicly support legalized abortion. "One of the problems I have is bishops who say to me, 'Well, this is unheard of in the church's practice.' Actually it goes back to St. Paul in the (First) Letter to the Corinthians, when he says: The person who eats and drinks the body and blood of Christ unworthily eats and drinks condemnation unto himself," he said. He also wrote a pastoral letter saying Catholics should not vote for politicians who support abortion or other "anti-life" practices.[81] Burke later clarified his position, stating that one could vote for a pro-abortion politician and not commit a mortal sin, if one believed there was a more significant moral issue than abortion at hand, but he also stated that he could not think of any sort of issue that would qualify.[82] In a September 2008 interview, Burke said that "the Democratic Party risks transforming itself definitively into a 'party of death', because of its choices on bioethical questions", especially elective abortion.[83]

When Sheryl Crow, who advocates for embryonic stem-cell research, was scheduled to perform at a benefit concert for the Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital in 2007, Burke stated that to have the hospital host Crow would give "the impression that the Church is somehow inconsistent in its teaching."[84] He asked that her invitation be privately removed and resigned from the board on April 25, 2007, when Crow's performance was confirmed.[85]

In 2008, Burke urged Saint Louis University to take disciplinary action against its head basketball coach, Rick Majerus, after Majerus publicly supported abortion and embryonic stem cell research at a campaign event for Democratic Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.[86] Burke stated: "When you take a position in a Catholic university, you don't have to embrace everything the Catholic Church teaches. But you can't make statements which call into question the identity and mission of the Catholic Church." Saint Louis University supported Majerus's right to publicly expound on his own personal views when made at an event he did not attend as a university representative.[86]

In March 2009, Burke called on American bishops to withhold the Eucharist from Catholic politicians who support legalized abortion.[87] The bishops' failure to do so, Burke said, "is weakening the faith of everyone. It's giving the impression that it must be morally correct to support procured abortion."[87] He also said that any president who promotes and implements "anti-life" legislation could be an "agent of death".[87] Burke later said that he made his remarks not as Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura, head of the Vatican's highest court, but simply as an American bishop.[88] Two months later in May, Burke stated, "Since President [Barack] Obama clearly announced, during the election campaign, his anti-life and anti-family agenda, a Catholic who knew his agenda regarding, for example, procured abortion, embryonic-stem-cell research, and same-sex marriage, could not have voted for him with a clear conscience." During the election, Obama had not officially called for same-sex marriage, but had advocated same-sex civil unions.[89]

In February 2013 Burke commented on the Irish abortion debate, stating that, in accordance with canon law, priests should exclude politicians who support abortion from receiving the Eucharist.[90] Burke has stated that not simply politicians but anyone who supports abortion cannot receive Holy Communion. "I can't imagine that any Catholic wouldn't know that abortion is a grievous sin, but if they don't, once they've been told, then they either have to cease to support abortion or accept the fact they are not a Catholic in good standing and therefore should not present themselves for Holy Communion," he said.[91]

In 2017, Burke said that Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 United States presidential election was a win for anti-abortion causes.[92]

In an August 2019 interview, Burke criticized people who consider themselves members of the church but disagree with its teaching on certain issues. "I've had non-Catholic leaders of government in this nation tell me that they were certain that the Catholic teaching on abortion and so-called same-sex marriage have changed because so many Catholics on Capitol Hill are regularly supporting this kind of legislation. And that's a scandal," he said. Singling out Joe Biden, he told such people not to attempt to receive Holy Communion. "It's not a punishment. It's actually a favor to these people to tell them don't approach, because if they approach, they commit sacrilege." Burke denounced Kamala Harris for her criticisms of Judge Brian Buescher and his affiliation with the Knights of Columbus, saying that people "need to look at that kind of statement for what it is and say this isn't a person who I want to be the leader of my nation."[93]

Role of women in the church and priest shortage edit

In June 2008, Burke as the Archbishop of Saint Louis applied an interdict, which excludes a person from church ministries and the sacraments, to a Sister of Charity, Louise Lears, judging her guilty of three grave canonical offenses against the Catholic Church's faith and teachings. Lears, a pastoral worker and educator, had publicly stated her belief that all of the church's ministries, including the priesthood, should be open to women.[94] Lears received the interdict after attending an ordination ceremony, which the church does not recognize, of a woman to the priesthood at a Jewish synagogue by the WomenPriests movement.[95]

In January 2015, Burke gave an interview to an organization called the New Emangelization [sic] Project. The group was formed to confront what it calls a "man crisis" in the Catholic Church. In the interview, Burke is sympathetic to the group's concerns that men are being driven from the pews because of the "feminization" of the Catholic Church.[96] Burke criticized what he saw as the excessive role of "radical feminism" in the church. He said that it has "assaulted the Church and society since the 1960s has left men very marginalized" and led the Church to deemphasize issues important to men, such as chivalry and sacrifice.[97] In addition to decrying "radical feminism", he specifically criticized the introduction of female altar servers as an unwelcome sign of the "feminization" of the church and a disincentive to boys to serve at the altar and start on the path to ordination. "The introduction of girl servers also led many boys to abandon altar service", Burke said. "Young boys don't want to do things with girls. It's just natural. The girls were also very good at altar service. So many boys drifted away over time."[96] In another 2015 interview, Burke blamed pedophile priests on "radical feminism which has assaulted the Church and society since the 1960s."[98]

Burke has said that it requires "certain manly discipline to serve as an altar boy in service at the side of a priest, and most priests have their first deep experiences of the liturgy as altar boys. If we are not training young men as altar boys, giving them an experience of serving God in the liturgy, we should not be surprised that vocations have fallen dramatically."[96][99]

Opposition to homosexuality and same-sex marriage edit

Burke is a strong critic and opponent of moves to soften attitudes towards homosexuality and to permit greater acceptance of gay people within the church.[100][98] In a 2013 interview, Burke said that same-sex marriage "is a work of deceit, a lie about the most fundamental aspect of our human nature, our human sexuality, which, after life itself, defines us. There is only one place these types of lies come from, namely Satan. It is a diabolical situation which is aimed at destroying individuals, families, and eventually our nation."[101]

In an interview in October 2014, Burke referred to gay relationships as "profoundly disordered and harmful", stating that parents should not "expose [their] children to that."[102] He suggested that parents should not allow their children to have contact with sexually active gay people and should discourage them from attending family gatherings such as celebrations at Christmas.[103] He has described homosexuality as an "ailment" which is not genetic but largely depended on a person's environment.[104] Shortly after he argued that Pope Francis had never said that positive elements could be found in homosexual acts, adding that it was "impossible to find positive elements in an evil act."[51]

 
Burke in 2019

Speaking in Oxford after the May 2015 same-sex marriage referendum in Ireland, Burke said that he struggled to understand "any nation redefining marriage ... I mean, this is a defiance of God. It's just incredible. Pagans may have tolerated homosexual behaviours, they never dared to say this was marriage."[105] Archbishop Eamon Martin of Armagh distanced himself from Burke's remarks, urging individuals "to try to be respectful and inoffensive in language" wherever possible.[106]

In August 2017, Burke said that Cardinal Reinhard Marx's assertion that Germany's recent legalization of same-sex marriage should not be a major concern for the Catholic Church there showed how the church lacked "the clarity and the courage to announce the Gospel of Life and Divine Love to the radically secularized culture". He alluded to diabolical errors spreading from society to Church leaders, raising concerns that the "end times" were nearing, and once again stating that homosexual acts were sinful. He insisted that the correct approach would distinguish between the love for the person and the hatred Catholics "must always have for sinful acts".[107]

In 2019, Burke chastised some of his fellow bishops for their perceived failures in keeping church teaching. He believes there are "pressure groups" within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) who have been attempting to soften the church's attitude on homosexuality, including trying to remove the description "intrinsically disordered" from the discussion of homosexual acts in the Catechism, a change which Burke said is "not possible." Burke went on, "There is definitely within the hierarchy of the United States an element which is not coherent with the Church on these issues." He then criticized prelates who "promote Fr. James Martin ... within their dioceses." He alleged that Martin "is not coherent with the Church's teaching on homosexuality" and said that such promotion is "an indication to us that there is a serious difficulty within the hierarchy that must be addressed."[76]

In February 2019 Burke penned an open letter with Cardinal Walter Brandmuller addressed to Pope Francis calling for an end of "the plague of the homosexual agenda," which they blamed for the sexual abuse crisis engulfing the Catholic Church. They claimed the agenda was spread by "organized networks" protected by a "conspiracy of silence."[108]

Divorce edit

Burke has opposed any hypothetical change of church doctrine that would permit civilly divorced Catholics who are validly married to remarry or receive the Eucharist once they have entered into a second civil marriage. In 2013 he co-authored a book with cardinals Gerhard Ludwig Müller and George Pell on the subject.[109]

An interim document from the 2014 Synod of Bishops softened the Catholic Church's language on gay people, contraception and divorced and civilly remarried people. Burke said that the response showed that "a great number of the Synod Fathers found it objectionable." In an interview with Catholic World Report, Burke said the document "lacks a solid foundation in the Sacred Scriptures and the Magisterium (the teaching authority of the Catholic Church) and gives the impression of inventing a totally new, what one member of the Synod called 'revolutionary', teaching on marriage and the family."[110] Burke went on to say, in an interview with BuzzFeed, that if "Pope Francis had selected certain cardinals to steer the meeting so as to advance his personal views on matters like divorce and the treatment of LGBT people", he would not be observing his mandate as the leader of the Catholic Church.[111]

 
Burke in 2014

In an interview in the German daily Die Welt on April 24, 2015, concerning the Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Burke renewed his criticism of German Cardinal Walter Kasper, whose "merciful" solution for remarried divorcees who wish to receive communion was discussed at the 2014 Extraordinary Synod. “We are bound by the Magisterium. But some Synod Fathers, above all Cardinal Kasper, want to change it. So I had to make myself very clear. Clashes at Synods, incidentally, are nothing unusual. Think of the early Councils, the Arian heresy, for instance, when Athanasius even became physically aggressive”, Burke recalled. He also mentioned that Pope John Paul II had ruled out women's ordination “once and for all”.[104]

Burke, along with three other cardinals, issued a set of dubia, or doubts, to Pope Francis, asking him to clarify various points of doctrine in his 2016 apostolic exhortation, Amoris laetitia and on general Christian life. The other cardinals were Italian Carlo Caffarra and Germans Brandmüller and Joachim Meisner. Since the 2014 synod, some bishops had begun allowing Catholics who had been divorced and remarried to receive Holy Communion, despite the fact that such persons are traditionally said to be committing adultery and living in mortal sin and therefore ineligible to participate according to official church law. A footnote in Amoris laetitia was seen as allowing that under some circumstances. Burke said that if divorced and remarried Catholics were permitted to receive Holy Communion, "then the Church's teaching on marriage is finished."[112]

The four cardinals submitted the dubia in private, followed by a public letter ("Seeking Clarity: A Plea to Untie the Knots in Amoris Laetitia") in November 2016, asking Francis to clarify various points of doctrine. The first dubia asked about the reception of the sacraments by the divorced and remarried. The public letter asked about fundamental issues of the Christian life and referenced Pope John Paul II's encyclical Veritatis splendor.[113][114][115] In April 2017, following no reply to their letter, the cardinals requested a meeting with Francis, but there has been no response to this request.[116]

On April 7, 2018, Burke, along with Brandmüller and Schneider, participated in a conference rejecting the outline proposed by German bishops to allow divorced and remarried Catholics to receive the Eucharist. Citing chapter 19 of the Gospel of Matthew, he disputed the notion that anyone, including the pope, had the authority to accept divorced and remarried Catholics as full members of the church. During the conference, Burke expressed the belief that a "public correction" of a pope in error can take place after a private one has been ignored or rejected. "As a matter of duty, the pope can be disobeyed," Burke said. He added that "the Roman pontiff can dispense with the law only for the purpose of preserving its purpose, and never for subverting it."[117]

In an interview on September 6, Burke said that he shared fellow dubia signatory Caffarra's "profound sadness" that the dubia never received a response, and wondered whether such sadness contributed to his death. "The dubia must have a response sooner or later," Burke said. "It's a simple response: Yes or no. That's all. It's not complicated."[118]

Palliative care and euthanasia edit

At a July 23, 2011, conference on end-of-life care sponsored by the St. Gianna Physician's Guild, Burke said that suffering does not cause a person to have less meaning in his life, nor does it give the government the right to decide if that person should live or die: "No matter how much a life is diminished, no matter what suffering the person is undergoing, that life demands the greatest respect and care. It's never right to snuff out a life because it's in some way under heavy burden."[119]

SSPX reintegration edit

In 2012, during negotiations between the traditionalist Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), which is in a canonically irregular status with the Holy See, Burke expressed optimism that the Society's members would reconcile themselves with the Vatican. He referred to the Society's members as people who "have the Catholic faith and the love of the sacred liturgy."[120] The talks eventually failed. In July 2017, Burke said that SSPX was "in schism" and that it was "not legitimate to attend Mass or to receive the sacraments in a church" of theirs, and that faithful Catholics should avoid SSPX liturgies. He criticized Pope Francis's openness towards SSPX, stating that "There is no canonical explanation for it, and it is simply an anomaly", because while they were not excommunicated, they also were not in full communion with the Catholic Church.[121]

Comments on the Mass edit

 
Burke offering Mass

In a July 2007 apostolic letter, Summorum Pontificum, Pope Benedict XVI authorized wider use of the Traditional Mass, which had largely fallen out of use with the reforms of the Second Vatican Council and the introduction of the Mass of Paul VI, or Novus Ordo. Restoration of all or some parts of the traditional Mass have been supported by Burke as part of a "reform of the reform", modifying what he sees as deficiencies in the implementation of the newer Mass of Paul VI. In 2012, Burke said the following regarding the liturgical changes that took place after the council:

There was a stripping away, a changing of the form of the rite that in my judgment was too much. You can't take a living reality, the worship of God as God has desired that we worship him, and tamper with it without doing violence and without in some way damaging the faith life of the people.[4]

In 2017, Burke referred to Summorum Pontificum as "the most splendid contribution of the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI".[122] Over the years, Burke has frequently offered the traditional form of the Mass, including regularly performing ordinations for the ICKSP and the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter, both traditionalist groups whose priests offer only the older form of the Mass.[11][33][123][124]

In March 2011, Burke said that too many priests and bishops treat violations of liturgical norms as something that is unimportant, when they are actually "serious abuses" that damage the faith of Catholics. He criticized a perceived lack of reverence in the way the modern liturgy is sometimes conducted, stating "If we err by thinking we are the center of the liturgy, the Mass will lead to a loss of faith."[125][126] At the same time, Burke is known to wear lavish regalia and "is one of the few cardinals who dons cappa magnas, the long trains of watered silk that can look like scarlet lava flowing down from his throne" as well as "velvet gloves and extravagant brocades.[127]

In a 2015 interview, Burke reiterated his concern that man has become center of Mass, saying that "In many places the Mass became very priest‑centered, it was like the 'priest show.' This type of abuse leads to a loss of the sense of the sacred, taking the essential mystery out of the Mass. The reality of Christ Himself coming down on the altar to make present His sacrifice on Calvary gets lost."[97] Burke blamed modernization of the liturgy after the Second Vatican Council for declining Mass attendance. "In some cases it actually became hard for people to bear because of illicit insertions, foreign agendas, and imposition of the personalities of priests and congregations into the liturgy to the point that people began to think that the Mass was some sort of social activity...If one understands what the Mass truly is — Christ Himself coming down from Heaven to renew the sacrifice of Calvary — how could you possibly not be there on Sunday?" he asked.[101]

Burke condemned Traditionis custodes, a July 2021 motu proprio issued by Pope Francis which effectively reversed Summorum Pontificum by placing limits on priests offering the Traditional Form of the Mass. He said that he could not understand the document's assertion that the Novus Ordo form represented the "unique expression" of the Roman Rite of the Mass, because the Traditional Form "is a living form of the Roman Rite and has never ceased to be so". While Francis described the Traditional Mass as something that had become a tool to promote schism in Christianity, Burke said that he had not seen such tendencies in practice. He alleged that the Pope's document was "marked by harshness" towards those who attend Mass in the older form and criticized the fact that it took effect immediately, which in his view did not give adequate time for those affected to study its meaning. Burke stated that Pope Francis did not have the authority to eliminate the Traditional Mass.[128][129]

Antinomianism edit

The 2012 Synod of Bishops meeting focused on "The New Evangelization". In written comments to the synod, Burke criticized "antinomianism", the belief that grace exempts Christians from obedience to moral law, stating that it is "among the most serious wounds of society today," and is responsible for the legalization of "intrinsically evil" actions such as abortion, embryonic stem-cell research, euthanasia, and same-sex marriage.[130]

Islam and immigration edit

In a 2016 interview, Burke said there is "no question that Islam wants to govern the world" and that he feared "being forcibly under an Islamic government". In his subsequent book, Hope for the World: To Unite All Things in Christ, Burke says:

Islam is a religion that, according to its own interpretation, must also become the State. The Koran, and the authentic interpretations of it given by various experts in Koranic law, is destined to govern the world. ... In reality, there is no place for other religions, even though they may be tolerated as long as Islam has not succeeded in establishing its sovereignty over the nations and over the world.[131][132][133]

Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin said that Burke's remarks were unhelpful at a time when Europe was still wavering in the aftermath of a series of terror attacks.[134]

Before the 2016 United States presidential election, Burke met with Steve Bannon, a close advisor to Donald Trump.[71] The pair met several more times,[135] and Burke was for years a strong ally of Bannon.[136] In 2013, he was named president of the board of advisers to Bannon's Dignitatis Humanae Institute, an academy set up by Bannon to train right-wing Catholic activists.[136] In 2019, however, Burke resigned from the board and cut ties with Bannon because of the latter's stated intent to make a film adaptation of Frederic Martel's work In the Closet of the Vatican, saying that "I disagree completely with a number of Mr. Bannon's statements regarding the doctrine and discipline of the Roman Catholic Church."[136][135]

In February 2017, after Trump became president, Burke said that he did not "think the new president [would] be inspired by hatred in his treatment of the issue of immigration." In 2017, Burke met with the right-wing Italian nationalist Matteo Salvini, head of Italy's Northern League and an opponent of Pope Francis on immigration and dialogue with Muslims.[92]

In 2018, Burke condemned the family separation policy of the Trump administration, saying, "A solution to the situation has to be found which avoids this practice of separating small children from their parents, that's clear."[137]

In May 2019, Burke said that "to resist large-scale Muslim immigration in my judgment is to be responsible" and "a responsible exercise of one's patriotism"; he cited a book called No Go Zones: How Sharia Law is Coming to a Neighborhood Near You, by former Breitbart News reporter Raheem Kassam, in support of his contention that immigration of Muslims to Europe and the U.S. was harmful. Burke said that Muslim immigration was because Christians were "no longer ready to defend the moral law" and expressed fears of demographic shift because "Christians are not reproducing themselves."[138]

Clergy sex abuse edit

In 2018, Burke described ongoing sex abuse scandals in the church as "an apostasy from the faith". He added that "principally, it starts with the idea that there can be legitimate sexual activity outside of marriage, which of course is false, completely false". Burke called for prayer and acts of reparation in the midst of the crisis.[139] In 2019, Burke said that "lay faithful who are well-prepared" in dealing with sexual abuse cases "should be called upon to investigate and help get to the bottom of" the church's clergy abuse problem, while also stating that any group of people investigating abuse cases must ultimately report and answer to the pope.[76]

In 2019, Burke was reported to have received, together with other influential U.S. Catholic leaders, substantial monetary gifts from West Virginia bishop Michael J. Bransfield, who had resigned following allegations of sexual misconduct. The gifts had been reimbursed by the diocese.[140] Burke said that the gifts that he received were "generous" but "not lavish," and that he had used them to make charitable donations.[141]

COVID-19 conspiracy theory, anti-vaccine edit

In December 2020, Burke criticized global responses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Referring to it as "the mysterious Wuhan virus", he said that the virus is being used by "certain forces ... to advance their evil agenda" and to force people to become "subjects of the so-called 'Great Reset,' the 'new normal,' which is dictated to us by their manipulation of citizens and nations through ignorance and fear."[142][143]

In 2021, Burke raised objections to COVID-19 vaccination.[144][145] He has denounced vaccine mandates and compared them to "state-mandated microchipping".[144][142][143] Burke stated that the setting of vaccine mandates "violates the integrity of" citizens.[145] In December 2020, referring to COVID-19 vaccine development, Burke said that the use of fetal tissue in vaccine development is "rightly abhorrent," saying it is "never morally justified to develop a vaccine through the use of the cell lines of aborted fetuses."[145] The Vatican ruled 21 December 2020 that "when ethically irreproachable Covid-19 vaccines are not available (e.g. in countries where vaccines without ethical problems are not made available to physicians and patients, or where their distribution is more difficult due to special storage and transport conditions, or when various types of vaccines are distributed in the same country but health authorities do not allow citizens to choose the vaccine with which to be inoculated) it is morally acceptable to receive Covid-19 vaccines that have used cell lines from aborted fetuses in their research and production process."[146][145][147] Burke has also criticized social distancing.[145]

In August 2021, Burke announced he had tested positive for COVID-19; he was hospitalized and placed on a ventilator for several days.[148][149][150] On August 28, Burke said that he had been transferred out of the intensive care unit and that his health condition was improving.[151] On September 26, Burke announced that he been moved from the hospital and was making slow but steady progress in his rehabilitation from COVID-19 and he hoped to be able to resume normal duties in several weeks.[152]

Synod on Synodality edit

On July 10, 2023, Burke was one of five cardinals who signed a letter to Pope Francis expressing concerns that the upcoming Synod on Synodality would undermine traditional Church teaching, particularly on matters related to sexuality, the role of synodality in the Church, the issue of whether teaching could change with time, and the ordaining of women as priests. The letter posed a series of questions which the Pope was asked to clarify. Pope Francis responded one day later. The cardinals found his response unsatisfactory, and wrote him a second letter, dated August 21, in which they rephrased their questions so that they could be answered simply as "yes" or "no." Francis did not respond, and in October, the cardinals made their letters public.[153][154]

Honors edit

During his tenure in Saint Louis, Burke was awarded honorary doctorates in humane letters by two US Catholic universities, Ave Maria University in 2005,[155] and Christendom College in 2007.[156]

Archbishop Robert James Carlson of St. Louis created the Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke Chair in Canon Law at St. Louis's Kenrick-Glennon Seminary.[157] In May 2011, the Franciscan University of Steubenville awarded Burke an honorary doctorate.[158]

Selected works edit

  • Lack of discretion of judgment because of schizophrenia: doctrine and recent rotal jurisprudence, Doctoral Dissertation, (Rome: Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1986). See also "Defectus discretionis iudicii propter schizophreniam: Doctrina et recens iurisprudentia," Periodica, 73 (1984): 555–570; and "Lack of Discretion of Judgment: Canonical Doctrine and Legislation," in The Jurist, 45 (1985): 171–209.
  • "Canon 1095, 1° and 2°," in Incapacity for marriage: Jurisprudence and Interpretation, Acts of the III Gregorian Collguium, Robert M. Sable, coordinator and editor (Rome: Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1987).
  • "La procedura amministrativa per la dichiarazione di nullità del matrimonio," in I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico, Studi giuridici 27 (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1992), 93–105.
  • "Il processo di dispensa dal matrimonio rato e non consummato: la grazia pontificia e la sua natura," in I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico, Studi giuridici 27 (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1992), 135–144.
  • "The Application of Canon 1095 and sacramental-pastoral activity concerning marriage," in Ius in vita et in missione Ecclesiæ, Acta Symposii internationalis iuris canonici occurrente X anniversario promulgationis Codicis iuris canonici diebus 19–24 aprilis 1993 in Civitate Vaticana celebrati, Pontificia Concilium de legum textibus interpretandis (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1994), 1095–1102.
  • "The Distinction of Personnel in Hierarchically Related Tribunals," in Studia canonica, 28 (1994): 85–98.
  • "Canon 1421: The Nullity of a Decision by a Single Lay Judge," [1994] in Arthur J. Espelage, OFM (ed.), CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994–2000 (Washington, DC: CLSA, 2002), 451–452.
  • "Canons 1421–1422 and 1435–1436: The Exercise of the Office of Judge or Defender of the Bond by a Priest on Leave of Absence from Priestly Ministry," [1995, co-authored with Joseph R. Punderson] in Arthur J. Espelage, OFM (ed.), CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994–2000 (Washington, DC: CLSA, 2002), 453–454.
  • "La "confessio iudicialis" e le dichiarizioni giudiziali delle parti," in I mezzi di prova nelle cause matrimoniali secondo la giurisprudenza rotale, Studi Giuridici XXXVIII (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1995), 15–30.
  • "Commentary on the July 12, 1993, Decree of the Apostolic Signatura relating to the qualifications of advocates," in Canadian Canon Law Society Newsletter, 21 (1996): 9–13; for Spanish translation see: "Abogados, uniones matrimoniales irregulares y causas de nulidad matrimonial: Texto y comentario de una Respuesta de Tribunal Supremo de la Signatura Apostolica," in REDC, 51 (1994): 639–645.
  • "Canon Law at the Service of the New Evangelization," given on the occasion of receiving the Role of Law Award from the Canon Law Society of America, in Canon Law Society of America Proceedings, 62 (2000): 497–500; introductory remarks of gratitude, 495–496.
  • "On Our Civic Responsibility for the Common Good," (Saint Louis: Archdiocese of Saint Louis, 2004).
  • "Canon 915: The Discipline Regarding the Denial of Holy Communion to Those Obstinately Persevering in Manifest Grave Sin," in Periodica, 96 (2007): 3–58.
  • Divine Love Made Flesh: The Holy Eucharist as the Sacrament of Charity. San Diego: Catholic Action. 2012. ISBN 978-0981631424.
  • Hope for the World: To Unite All Things in Christ. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 2016. ISBN 978-1621641162.

See also edit

References edit

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External links edit

 
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  • "Burke Card. Raymond Leo". Holy See Press Office. from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of La Crosse
1995–2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Archbishop of St. Louis
2003–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
2008–2014 		Succeeded by
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Agata de' Goti
2010–2021 		Succeeded by
Himself (as cardinal priest)
Preceded by
Himself (as cardinal deacon)
 — TITULAR —
Cardinal Priest of Sant'Agata de' Goti
2021–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2014–2023 		Succeeded by

February 15, 2024
raymond, burke, born, june, 1948, american, prelate, catholic, church, bishop, cardinal, patron, sovereign, military, order, malta, from, 2014, 2023, archdiocese, louis, from, 2004, 2008, diocese, crosse, from, 1995, 2004, from, 2008, 2014, prefect, supreme, t. Raymond Leo Burke born June 30 1948 is an American prelate of the Catholic Church He is a bishop and a cardinal and was a patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 2014 to 2023 He led the Archdiocese of St Louis from 2004 to 2008 and the Diocese of La Crosse from 1995 to 2004 From 2008 to 2014 he was the prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura His EminenceRaymond Leo BurkePatron Emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of MaltaBurke in 2014ChurchCatholicAppointedNovember 8 2014RetiredJune 19 2023PredecessorPaolo SardiSuccessorGianfranco GhirlandaOther post s Cardinal Priest of Sant Agata de Goti 2021 present OrdersOrdinationJune 29 1975by Pope Paul VIConsecrationJanuary 6 1995by Pope John Paul IICreated cardinalNovember 20 2010by Pope Benedict XVIRankCardinal deacon 2010 2021 Cardinal priest 2021 present Personal detailsBornRaymond Leo Burke 1948 06 30 June 30 1948 age 75 Richland Center Wisconsin U S ResidenceRome ItalyPrevious post s Cardinal Deacon of Sant Agata de Goti 2010 2021 Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura 2008 2014 Archbishop of St Louis 2004 2008 Bishop of La Crosse 1995 2004 EducationCatholic University of AmericaPontifical Gregorian UniversityMottoSecundum cor tuum Latin for According to Your heart Coat of armsOrdination historyHistoryPriestly ordinationOrdained byPope Paul VIDateJune 29 1975Episcopal consecrationPrincipal consecratorPope John Paul IICo consecratorsGiovanni Battista ReJorge Maria MejiaDateJanuary 6 1995Episcopal successionBishops consecrated by Raymond Leo Burke as principal consecratorRobert FinnMay 3 2004Philip TartagliaNovember 20 2005James Vann Johnston Jr March 31 2008Styles of Raymond Leo BurkeReference styleHis EminenceSpoken styleYour EminenceInformal styleCardinalA canon lawyer 1 Burke is perceived as a voice of traditionalism 2 3 among prelates of the Catholic Church He established a reputation as a conservative leader while serving in La Crosse and St Louis Burke is a major proponent of the Tridentine Mass having frequently offered it and conferred ordinations on traditionalist priests He has criticized what he sees as deficiencies in the post 1969 Mass of Paul VI 4 He is frequently seen as a de facto leader of the church s conservative wing 5 6 Burke has publicly clashed with Pope Francis vigorously opposing attempts by other bishops to relax church attitudes towards gay people and those Catholics who have divorced and remarried outside the church Burke has opined that Catholic politicians who support legalized abortion including presidential candidate John Kerry and President Joe Biden should not receive the Eucharist 7 8 While Burke has denied allegations of disloyalty to Pope Francis a number of Burke s statements have been interpreted as criticisms once mentioning the possible need to formally correct the pope in relation to Amoris laetitia This has led to a backlash from some Catholics towards Burke 9 10 11 12 In September 2015 the Vatican announced that Burke had been reappointed to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints from which he had been removed in December 2013 but not to his more influential positions on the Congregation for Bishops and the Apostolic Signatura In 2016 he was not reappointed as a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship 13 In February 2017 Burke was again sidelined when Pope Francis appointed Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu as his special delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta with exclusive responsibility for the duties which would normally be exercised by Burke as its patron 14 Albrecht von Boeselager the order s grand chancellor announced that this meant Burke was de facto suspended from the patronage 15 Pope Francis reappointed him as a rank and file member of the Apostolic Signatura in September 2017 In November 2023 Pope Francis reportedly evicted Burke from his subsidized Vatican apartment and removed his salary as a retired cardinal 16 Contents 1 Early life 2 Priestly ministry 3 Episcopal ministry 3 1 Bishop of La Crosse 3 2 Archbishop of St Louis 3 3 Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura 3 4 College of Cardinals 3 5 Apostolic Signatura and Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta 3 5 1 Myanmar condom controversy 3 6 Other service in the Roman Curia 3 7 Institute for Human Dignity and Holy League 4 Views 4 1 Comments on Pope Francis and criticism 4 2 Abortion and embryonic stem cell research 4 3 Role of women in the church and priest shortage 4 4 Opposition to homosexuality and same sex marriage 4 5 Divorce 4 6 Palliative care and euthanasia 4 7 SSPX reintegration 4 8 Comments on the Mass 4 9 Antinomianism 4 10 Islam and immigration 4 11 Clergy sex abuse 4 12 COVID 19 conspiracy theory anti vaccine 4 13 Synod on Synodality 5 Honors 6 Selected works 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksEarly life editBurke was born on June 30 1948 in Richland Center Wisconsin 17 the youngest of the six children of Thomas F and Marie B Burke He is of Irish heritage with ancestors from Cork and Tipperary 18 Burke attended St Mary s Parish School in Richland Center from 1954 to 1959 In 2012 an addition to the school was named the Raymond Cardinal Burke Annex in his honor 19 20 The family later moved to Stratford Wisconsin From 1962 to 1968 he attended Holy Cross Seminary in La Crosse Wisconsin From 1968 to 1971 he studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington D C as a Basselin scholar 21 receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970 and a Master of Arts degree in 1971 both in philosophy He completed studies for the priesthood at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome between 1971 and 1975 receiving a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree and a Master of Arts degree Pope Paul VI ordained Burke to the priesthood on June 29 1975 in St Peter s Basilica 22 Priestly ministry editAfter his ordination to the priesthood Burke was assigned as assistant rector of the Cathedral of St Joseph the Workman in La Crosse Wisconsin He also taught religion at Aquinas High School in La Crosse where a new addition was named the Bishop Burke Hall in his honor in 1997 and then in 2011 was renamed the Cardinal Burke Hall 23 24 25 From 1980 to 1984 Burke studied canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome where he received a licentiate in canon law in 1982 and a doctorate in canon law in 1984 He then returned to La Crosse where he was named the Moderator of the Curia and Vice Chancellor of the La Crosse diocese In 1989 Pope John Paul II named Burke the first American Defender of the Bond of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura the highest ecclesiastical court in the Catholic Church 22 Episcopal ministry editBishop of La Crosse edit On December 10 1994 Pope John Paul II named Burke as bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse and consecrated him on January 6 1995 at St Peter s Basilica Burke took possession of the see of La Crosse on February 22 1995 26 In 2000 Burke convened the fifth diocesan synod for the Diocese of La Crosse which resulted in the publication of Synod V acts celebrated June 11 14 2000 in 2003 27 In 2002 he was influential in founding the Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem an order of Augustinian canons dedicated to the Tridentine Mass the traditional form of the liturgy in the Latin Church 28 Two anonymous priests in the Diocese of La Crosse said that Burke s leadership was divisive People in his diocese had divided opinions of him One such example was the construction of the 25 million Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe patroness of the Americas with critics saying that the money used should have gone to the poor while Burke defended the move as a fruitful way to raise spiritual devotion Another was the diocese s withdrawal from Church World Service s annual Crop Walk because some of the money raised was being used to purchase condoms in developing countries Burke also welcomed numerous traditional orders to his diocese including the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest ICKSP whose priests offer exclusively the Tridentine Mass Two priests left the diocese as a result of his policies 29 30 Burke closed a number of schools while also raising teachers salaries His style was noted by some of his aides to be more formal than that of his predecessor John Joseph Paul although his aides described him as warm and approachable in private During his tenure the diocese continued to participate in charitable efforts while also increasing its moral and political activism 30 Archbishop of St Louis edit nbsp Burke as Archbishop of St LouisOn December 2 2003 Burke was named Archbishop of St Louis succeeding Cardinal Justin Francis Rigali who had been appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia 30 31 32 He was installed on January 26 2004 and was presented with the pallium on June 29 2004 by Pope John Paul II In St Louis Burke emphasized the promotion of vocations to the priesthood He also published a column in the archdiocesan weekly newspaper the Saint Louis Review In both La Crosse and St Louis Burke established oratories for those desiring to worship according to the traditional form As he had done in La Crosse he invited the Institute of Christ the King into his diocese and ordained priests for the group both in the U S and abroad His ordination of two ICKSP priests on June 15 2007 in a Solemn Pontifical High Mass marked the first time in 40 years that the Tridentine rite of ordination had been used in the Cathedral Basilica of St Louis 33 In 2006 when Missouri voters narrowly approved an amendment to the state constitution permitting embryonic stem cell research he said it meant that our tiniest brothers and sisters will be made legally the subjects the slaves of those who wish to manipulate and destroy their lives for the sake of supposed scientific and technological progress 34 During his tenure Burke escalated a long running dispute over the attempted closing of a church in the diocese St Stanislaus Kostka Church and the ownership of its significant assets After Father Marek Bozek led a Christmas Eve Mass in 2005 despite the archdiocese s previous attempted closure of the parish Burke declare d that the church was in schism a designation that led to the excommunication of Bozek and the church s lay board 35 In 2012 a state court ruled against the diocese and sided with the congregation now an independent Catholic church and awarded it full ownership of the significant parish assets 35 In July 2006 Benedict XVI appointed Burke a member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura the highest court in the Catholic Church 36 On May 6 2008 Pope Benedict XVI gave Burke two Vatican assignments He was named a member of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts which interprets canon law and a member of the Congregation for the Clergy 37 Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura edit On June 27 2008 Pope Benedict XVI appointed Burke Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura 38 Burke was appointed a member of several dicasteries of the Roman Curia on May 6 2008 of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts which authoritatively interprets canon law and of the Congregation for the Clergy which regulates the formation and training of diocesan priests and deacons on October 17 2009 of the Congregation for Bishops which oversees the appointment of most Latin Church bishops outside mission territories 39 on July 6 2010 of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments 40 on July 24 2010 of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints 41 and on January 29 2011 of the Council of Cardinals and Bishops of the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State 42 On October 7 2008 Burke was appointed President of the Commission for Advocates which is responsible for admitting qualified canon lawyers to a registry of those who may practice in the Vatican s courts 43 On March 11 2010 in the wake of the sexual abuse scandal that had come to light in Europe Burke said that the Vatican needed to prepare a document that outlined a set of explicit guidelines rooted in Canon Law that would guide bishops and their local tribunals worldwide in determining how to report the cases to the Holy See so as to speed up the process by which justice is done for the victims Changes would also be made to a policy that provided for high levels of secrecy in the process 44 College of Cardinals edit nbsp Burke at a Mass at St Clement Eucharistic Shrine in Boston 2010On November 20 2010 Pope Benedict XVI made Burke Cardinal Deacon of Sant Agata dei Goti the fifth Archbishop of St Louis to become a member of the College of Cardinals On February 5 2011 the memorial of Saint Agatha Burke took canonical possession of his titular church in Rome 45 In October 2012 Burke was appointed the President of the Commission for Controversies at the 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops 46 Burke was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis 47 On December 16 2013 Pope Francis made extensive changes to the Congregation for Bishops the influential Vatican department that oversees the selection and assignment of bishops and Burke was not reappointed a member Some speculated this reflected the fact that Burke takes a more aggressive line than the pope on the Western culture wars 48 According to Archbishop and former apostolic nuncio to the United States Carlo Maria Vigano Burke s removal happened due to the influence of Cardinal Theodore McCarrick Archbishop Emeritus of Washington but Vigano s interpretation has not been independently verified 49 After ten years at the rank of cardinal deacon Burke exercised his option to assume the rank of cardinal priest which Pope Francis confirmed on May 3 2021 50 Apostolic Signatura and Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta edit On November 4 2014 Burke publicly complained that There is a strong sense that the church is like a ship without a rudder He balanced his critique by stating that he did not want to be interpreted as criticizing the pope 51 On November 8 four days later Pope Francis removed Burke as prefect of the Apostolic Signatura 52 53 54 and named him Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta a largely ceremonial post usually given to a retired cardinal or as a secondary job to an active one 55 Many perceived Burke s dismissal as related to his rudderless ship comment 56 Pope Francis denied that removing Burke as head of the Vatican s highest court was a punishment for his outspoken conservative views at the 2014 Synod on the Family saying that he wanted a smart American to serve as patron of the Order of Malta The pontiff said that the move was part of a broader restructuring of the Vatican bureaucracy that had been decided well before the synod but he had waited until after the synod to make it official so Burke could still participate in the meeting as the head of a Vatican department 57 On June 19 2023 Pope Francis named Cardinal Gianfranco Ghirlanda to succeed Burke as patron 58 It was noted that Burke was removed when he was still 74 short of the customary retirement age of 75 and that his replacement was 80 59 In November 2023 Pope Francis reportedly evicted Cardinal Burke from his subsidized Vatican apartment and removed his salary as a retired cardinal 16 Myanmar condom controversy edit In spite of the usually ceremonial nature of his new position trouble surfaced for Burke by early 2017 after it was revealed that he and then Knights of Malta Grand Master Matthew Festing had worked to oust Chancellor Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager for supplying condoms to people in Myanmar in contradiction to official Catholic teaching which prohibits artificial contraception 60 61 On February 2 2017 Pope Francis sidelined Burke as the Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta by appointing Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu as his special delegate to the order with exclusive responsibility for the duties normally exercised by the Patron 14 On February 21 Albrecht von Boeselager the order s grand chancellor announced that this meant Burke was de facto suspended from the patronage 15 Other service in the Roman Curia edit On September 26 2015 Pope Francis named him a member of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints 62 63 In November 2016 Pope Francis removed Burke from the membership of the Congregation for Divine Worship This was seen to be in response to the dubia Latin for doubts submitted by him together with three other cardinals to elements of Amoris laetitia which appear to them to be at odds with Catholic moral teaching notably with regard to the treatment of divorced persons Burke had indicated that in the absence of a response to the dubia a formal correction of Pope Francis would probably follow 13 Beginning in February 2017 Burke presided over a five judge panel at the church trial of Archbishop Anthony Sablan Apuron of Agana in Guam on charges of sexual abuse of minors 64 In March 2018 the court found Apuron guilty and ordered that he be removed from office 65 In September 2017 Francis reappointed him a rank and file member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura but he did not regain his earlier position as prefect 66 67 Institute for Human Dignity and Holy League edit Burke previously chaired the advisory board of the Institute for Human Dignity a Catholic inspired non governmental organization based in Rome 68 Burke terminated his relationship with the institute in June 2019 amid its being identified increasingly publicly with the political program of Steve Bannon 69 In March 2015 he became the leader of the Holy League on the 444th anniversary of the Holy League called by Pope Pius V against the Ottoman empire in 1571 The modern Holy League describes itself as a parish based network of men united in devotion to the Blessed Sacrament 70 Views editComments on Pope Francis and criticism edit Burke is widely viewed as a leader of the conservative wing of the church and de facto leader in the United States to those that oppose the reforms under Pope Francis 71 Shortly after Pope Francis did not reappoint him to the Congregation of Bishops Burke said One gets the impression or it s interpreted this way in the media that he thinks we re talking too much about abortion too much about the integrity of marriage as between one man and one woman But we can never talk enough about that 72 Burke has denied media perceptions that the Pope planned to change the Catholic Church s teaching on moral issues He said that people hardened against the truth would claim that the Pope wants to change church teachings that today s secularized culture rejects He also said their false praise of the Holy Father s approach mocks the fact that he is the Successor of Saint Peter and that he consequently rejects the acceptance and praise of the world 73 74 Pope Francis spoke favorably of Burke in 2017 saying I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy He also called Burke an excellent lawyer 75 In an interview with The Wanderer on January 10 2019 Burke denounced Pope Francis s September 2018 Holy See China Agreement He said that it was in effect a repudiation of generations of martyrs and confessors of the Faith in China Burke also criticized the notion of synodality in which authority is removed from the pope and placed in the hands of bishops In listening to the Pope one is given the impression that he is giving more and more authority to individual bishops and Conferences of Bishops But this is not the Catholic Church Burke said He accused promoters of synodality of attempting to effect a revolution in the church the end of which would result in Catholicism being practiced differently in various countries to the overall detriment of the church 76 Burke s perceived status as an ultra conservative and opponent of Pope Francis has led to criticism 11 12 Some bishops have refused to allow him to host conferences in their dioceses and a number of priests have protested against him and accused him of spreading propaganda against the Pope 11 The National Catholic Reporter published a highly critical editorial about Burke in July 2019 castigating him as the modern version of that religious leader that drew some of Jesus harshest condemnations those who placed undue burdens on others and pronounced themselves the undisputed bearers of truth It rebuked him for allegedly wanting to reconstitute the clericalism that is at the heart of the sex abuse cover up scandal that continues to undermine the authority of the church and for attempting to replace the dynamism of Francis model of accompaniment with a return to a statute bound and static institution in service of itself 12 Catholic academic Mark Silk has publicly accused Burke of committing the heresy of Americanism and of disobeying the Pope 77 His conflicts with Pope Francis and the Vatican have been seen as symbolic of an ongoing large scale conflict between a more progressive Vatican and the American church 78 On June 10 2019 Burke Cardinal Janis Pujats and Kazakh bishops Tomasz Peta Jan Paul Lenga and Athanasius Schneider published a 40 point Declaration of Truths claiming to reaffirm traditional church teaching The bishops wrote that such a declaration was necessary in a time of almost universal doctrinal confusion and disorientation Specific passages in the declaration implicitly related to several writings by Pope Francis and some of them were seen as criticism or even opposition 12 79 The declaration states that the religion born of faith in Jesus Christ is the only religion positively willed by God seemingly alluding to the Document on Human Fraternity signed by Pope Francis on February 4 which stated that the diversity of religions is willed by God Following recent changes to the Catechism of the Catholic Church to oppose capital punishment the declaration states that the church did not err in teaching that civil authorities may lawfully exercise capital punishment when it is truly necessary to preserve the just order of societies 79 In September 2019 Burke and Schneider published an 8 page letter denouncing what they alleged to be six theological errors in the working document for the Synod of Bishops for the Pan Amazon region and asking that Pope Francis confirm his brethren in the faith by an unambiguous rejection of the errors Burke and Schneider criticized the document for its implicit pantheism support for married clergy and a greater role for women in the liturgy and for what they considered to be excessive openness to pagan rituals and practices common among the Amazonian peoples They asked that the laity and the clergy pray at least one decade of the Rosary and fast weekly for the rejection of such ideas over a 40 day period from September 17 to October 26 80 Abortion and embryonic stem cell research edit During the 2004 presidential election Burke stated that he would not give communion to John Kerry or other Catholic politicians who publicly support legalized abortion One of the problems I have is bishops who say to me Well this is unheard of in the church s practice Actually it goes back to St Paul in the First Letter to the Corinthians when he says The person who eats and drinks the body and blood of Christ unworthily eats and drinks condemnation unto himself he said He also wrote a pastoral letter saying Catholics should not vote for politicians who support abortion or other anti life practices 81 Burke later clarified his position stating that one could vote for a pro abortion politician and not commit a mortal sin if one believed there was a more significant moral issue than abortion at hand but he also stated that he could not think of any sort of issue that would qualify 82 In a September 2008 interview Burke said that the Democratic Party risks transforming itself definitively into a party of death because of its choices on bioethical questions especially elective abortion 83 When Sheryl Crow who advocates for embryonic stem cell research was scheduled to perform at a benefit concert for the Cardinal Glennon Children s Hospital in 2007 Burke stated that to have the hospital host Crow would give the impression that the Church is somehow inconsistent in its teaching 84 He asked that her invitation be privately removed and resigned from the board on April 25 2007 when Crow s performance was confirmed 85 In 2008 Burke urged Saint Louis University to take disciplinary action against its head basketball coach Rick Majerus after Majerus publicly supported abortion and embryonic stem cell research at a campaign event for Democratic Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton 86 Burke stated When you take a position in a Catholic university you don t have to embrace everything the Catholic Church teaches But you can t make statements which call into question the identity and mission of the Catholic Church Saint Louis University supported Majerus s right to publicly expound on his own personal views when made at an event he did not attend as a university representative 86 In March 2009 Burke called on American bishops to withhold the Eucharist from Catholic politicians who support legalized abortion 87 The bishops failure to do so Burke said is weakening the faith of everyone It s giving the impression that it must be morally correct to support procured abortion 87 He also said that any president who promotes and implements anti life legislation could be an agent of death 87 Burke later said that he made his remarks not as Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura head of the Vatican s highest court but simply as an American bishop 88 Two months later in May Burke stated Since President Barack Obama clearly announced during the election campaign his anti life and anti family agenda a Catholic who knew his agenda regarding for example procured abortion embryonic stem cell research and same sex marriage could not have voted for him with a clear conscience During the election Obama had not officially called for same sex marriage but had advocated same sex civil unions 89 In February 2013 Burke commented on the Irish abortion debate stating that in accordance with canon law priests should exclude politicians who support abortion from receiving the Eucharist 90 Burke has stated that not simply politicians but anyone who supports abortion cannot receive Holy Communion I can t imagine that any Catholic wouldn t know that abortion is a grievous sin but if they don t once they ve been told then they either have to cease to support abortion or accept the fact they are not a Catholic in good standing and therefore should not present themselves for Holy Communion he said 91 In 2017 Burke said that Donald Trump s victory in the 2016 United States presidential election was a win for anti abortion causes 92 In an August 2019 interview Burke criticized people who consider themselves members of the church but disagree with its teaching on certain issues I ve had non Catholic leaders of government in this nation tell me that they were certain that the Catholic teaching on abortion and so called same sex marriage have changed because so many Catholics on Capitol Hill are regularly supporting this kind of legislation And that s a scandal he said Singling out Joe Biden he told such people not to attempt to receive Holy Communion It s not a punishment It s actually a favor to these people to tell them don t approach because if they approach they commit sacrilege Burke denounced Kamala Harris for her criticisms of Judge Brian Buescher and his affiliation with the Knights of Columbus saying that people need to look at that kind of statement for what it is and say this isn t a person who I want to be the leader of my nation 93 Role of women in the church and priest shortage edit In June 2008 Burke as the Archbishop of Saint Louis applied an interdict which excludes a person from church ministries and the sacraments to a Sister of Charity Louise Lears judging her guilty of three grave canonical offenses against the Catholic Church s faith and teachings Lears a pastoral worker and educator had publicly stated her belief that all of the church s ministries including the priesthood should be open to women 94 Lears received the interdict after attending an ordination ceremony which the church does not recognize of a woman to the priesthood at a Jewish synagogue by the WomenPriests movement 95 In January 2015 Burke gave an interview to an organization called the New Emangelization sic Project The group was formed to confront what it calls a man crisis in the Catholic Church In the interview Burke is sympathetic to the group s concerns that men are being driven from the pews because of the feminization of the Catholic Church 96 Burke criticized what he saw as the excessive role of radical feminism in the church He said that it has assaulted the Church and society since the 1960s has left men very marginalized and led the Church to deemphasize issues important to men such as chivalry and sacrifice 97 In addition to decrying radical feminism he specifically criticized the introduction of female altar servers as an unwelcome sign of the feminization of the church and a disincentive to boys to serve at the altar and start on the path to ordination The introduction of girl servers also led many boys to abandon altar service Burke said Young boys don t want to do things with girls It s just natural The girls were also very good at altar service So many boys drifted away over time 96 In another 2015 interview Burke blamed pedophile priests on radical feminism which has assaulted the Church and society since the 1960s 98 Burke has said that it requires certain manly discipline to serve as an altar boy in service at the side of a priest and most priests have their first deep experiences of the liturgy as altar boys If we are not training young men as altar boys giving them an experience of serving God in the liturgy we should not be surprised that vocations have fallen dramatically 96 99 Opposition to homosexuality and same sex marriage edit Burke is a strong critic and opponent of moves to soften attitudes towards homosexuality and to permit greater acceptance of gay people within the church 100 98 In a 2013 interview Burke said that same sex marriage is a work of deceit a lie about the most fundamental aspect of our human nature our human sexuality which after life itself defines us There is only one place these types of lies come from namely Satan It is a diabolical situation which is aimed at destroying individuals families and eventually our nation 101 In an interview in October 2014 Burke referred to gay relationships as profoundly disordered and harmful stating that parents should not expose their children to that 102 He suggested that parents should not allow their children to have contact with sexually active gay people and should discourage them from attending family gatherings such as celebrations at Christmas 103 He has described homosexuality as an ailment which is not genetic but largely depended on a person s environment 104 Shortly after he argued that Pope Francis had never said that positive elements could be found in homosexual acts adding that it was impossible to find positive elements in an evil act 51 nbsp Burke in 2019Speaking in Oxford after the May 2015 same sex marriage referendum in Ireland Burke said that he struggled to understand any nation redefining marriage I mean this is a defiance of God It s just incredible Pagans may have tolerated homosexual behaviours they never dared to say this was marriage 105 Archbishop Eamon Martin of Armagh distanced himself from Burke s remarks urging individuals to try to be respectful and inoffensive in language wherever possible 106 In August 2017 Burke said that Cardinal Reinhard Marx s assertion that Germany s recent legalization of same sex marriage should not be a major concern for the Catholic Church there showed how the church lacked the clarity and the courage to announce the Gospel of Life and Divine Love to the radically secularized culture He alluded to diabolical errors spreading from society to Church leaders raising concerns that the end times were nearing and once again stating that homosexual acts were sinful He insisted that the correct approach would distinguish between the love for the person and the hatred Catholics must always have for sinful acts 107 In 2019 Burke chastised some of his fellow bishops for their perceived failures in keeping church teaching He believes there are pressure groups within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops USCCB who have been attempting to soften the church s attitude on homosexuality including trying to remove the description intrinsically disordered from the discussion of homosexual acts in the Catechism a change which Burke said is not possible Burke went on There is definitely within the hierarchy of the United States an element which is not coherent with the Church on these issues He then criticized prelates who promote Fr James Martin within their dioceses He alleged that Martin is not coherent with the Church s teaching on homosexuality and said that such promotion is an indication to us that there is a serious difficulty within the hierarchy that must be addressed 76 In February 2019 Burke penned an open letter with Cardinal Walter Brandmuller addressed to Pope Francis calling for an end of the plague of the homosexual agenda which they blamed for the sexual abuse crisis engulfing the Catholic Church They claimed the agenda was spread by organized networks protected by a conspiracy of silence 108 Divorce edit Burke has opposed any hypothetical change of church doctrine that would permit civilly divorced Catholics who are validly married to remarry or receive the Eucharist once they have entered into a second civil marriage In 2013 he co authored a book with cardinals Gerhard Ludwig Muller and George Pell on the subject 109 An interim document from the 2014 Synod of Bishops softened the Catholic Church s language on gay people contraception and divorced and civilly remarried people Burke said that the response showed that a great number of the Synod Fathers found it objectionable In an interview with Catholic World Report Burke said the document lacks a solid foundation in the Sacred Scriptures and the Magisterium the teaching authority of the Catholic Church and gives the impression of inventing a totally new what one member of the Synod called revolutionary teaching on marriage and the family 110 Burke went on to say in an interview with BuzzFeed that if Pope Francis had selected certain cardinals to steer the meeting so as to advance his personal views on matters like divorce and the treatment of LGBT people he would not be observing his mandate as the leader of the Catholic Church 111 nbsp Burke in 2014In an interview in the German daily Die Welt on April 24 2015 concerning the Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops Burke renewed his criticism of German Cardinal Walter Kasper whose merciful solution for remarried divorcees who wish to receive communion was discussed at the 2014 Extraordinary Synod We are bound by the Magisterium But some Synod Fathers above all Cardinal Kasper want to change it So I had to make myself very clear Clashes at Synods incidentally are nothing unusual Think of the early Councils the Arian heresy for instance when Athanasius even became physically aggressive Burke recalled He also mentioned that Pope John Paul II had ruled out women s ordination once and for all 104 Burke along with three other cardinals issued a set of dubia or doubts to Pope Francis asking him to clarify various points of doctrine in his 2016 apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia and on general Christian life The other cardinals were Italian Carlo Caffarra and Germans Brandmuller and Joachim Meisner Since the 2014 synod some bishops had begun allowing Catholics who had been divorced and remarried to receive Holy Communion despite the fact that such persons are traditionally said to be committing adultery and living in mortal sin and therefore ineligible to participate according to official church law A footnote in Amoris laetitia was seen as allowing that under some circumstances Burke said that if divorced and remarried Catholics were permitted to receive Holy Communion then the Church s teaching on marriage is finished 112 The four cardinals submitted the dubia in private followed by a public letter Seeking Clarity A Plea to Untie the Knots in Amoris Laetitia in November 2016 asking Francis to clarify various points of doctrine The first dubia asked about the reception of the sacraments by the divorced and remarried The public letter asked about fundamental issues of the Christian life and referenced Pope John Paul II s encyclical Veritatis splendor 113 114 115 In April 2017 following no reply to their letter the cardinals requested a meeting with Francis but there has been no response to this request 116 On April 7 2018 Burke along with Brandmuller and Schneider participated in a conference rejecting the outline proposed by German bishops to allow divorced and remarried Catholics to receive the Eucharist Citing chapter 19 of the Gospel of Matthew he disputed the notion that anyone including the pope had the authority to accept divorced and remarried Catholics as full members of the church During the conference Burke expressed the belief that a public correction of a pope in error can take place after a private one has been ignored or rejected As a matter of duty the pope can be disobeyed Burke said He added that the Roman pontiff can dispense with the law only for the purpose of preserving its purpose and never for subverting it 117 In an interview on September 6 Burke said that he shared fellow dubia signatory Caffarra s profound sadness that the dubia never received a response and wondered whether such sadness contributed to his death The dubia must have a response sooner or later Burke said It s a simple response Yes or no That s all It s not complicated 118 Palliative care and euthanasia edit At a July 23 2011 conference on end of life care sponsored by the St Gianna Physician s Guild Burke said that suffering does not cause a person to have less meaning in his life nor does it give the government the right to decide if that person should live or die No matter how much a life is diminished no matter what suffering the person is undergoing that life demands the greatest respect and care It s never right to snuff out a life because it s in some way under heavy burden 119 SSPX reintegration edit In 2012 during negotiations between the traditionalist Society of Saint Pius X SSPX which is in a canonically irregular status with the Holy See Burke expressed optimism that the Society s members would reconcile themselves with the Vatican He referred to the Society s members as people who have the Catholic faith and the love of the sacred liturgy 120 The talks eventually failed In July 2017 Burke said that SSPX was in schism and that it was not legitimate to attend Mass or to receive the sacraments in a church of theirs and that faithful Catholics should avoid SSPX liturgies He criticized Pope Francis s openness towards SSPX stating that There is no canonical explanation for it and it is simply an anomaly because while they were not excommunicated they also were not in full communion with the Catholic Church 121 Comments on the Mass edit nbsp Burke offering MassIn a July 2007 apostolic letter Summorum Pontificum Pope Benedict XVI authorized wider use of the Traditional Mass which had largely fallen out of use with the reforms of the Second Vatican Council and the introduction of the Mass of Paul VI or Novus Ordo Restoration of all or some parts of the traditional Mass have been supported by Burke as part of a reform of the reform modifying what he sees as deficiencies in the implementation of the newer Mass of Paul VI In 2012 Burke said the following regarding the liturgical changes that took place after the council There was a stripping away a changing of the form of the rite that in my judgment was too much You can t take a living reality the worship of God as God has desired that we worship him and tamper with it without doing violence and without in some way damaging the faith life of the people 4 In 2017 Burke referred to Summorum Pontificum as the most splendid contribution of the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI 122 Over the years Burke has frequently offered the traditional form of the Mass including regularly performing ordinations for the ICKSP and the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter both traditionalist groups whose priests offer only the older form of the Mass 11 33 123 124 In March 2011 Burke said that too many priests and bishops treat violations of liturgical norms as something that is unimportant when they are actually serious abuses that damage the faith of Catholics He criticized a perceived lack of reverence in the way the modern liturgy is sometimes conducted stating If we err by thinking we are the center of the liturgy the Mass will lead to a loss of faith 125 126 At the same time Burke is known to wear lavish regalia and is one of the few cardinals who dons cappa magnas the long trains of watered silk that can look like scarlet lava flowing down from his throne as well as velvet gloves and extravagant brocades 127 In a 2015 interview Burke reiterated his concern that man has become center of Mass saying that In many places the Mass became very priest centered it was like the priest show This type of abuse leads to a loss of the sense of the sacred taking the essential mystery out of the Mass The reality of Christ Himself coming down on the altar to make present His sacrifice on Calvary gets lost 97 Burke blamed modernization of the liturgy after the Second Vatican Council for declining Mass attendance In some cases it actually became hard for people to bear because of illicit insertions foreign agendas and imposition of the personalities of priests and congregations into the liturgy to the point that people began to think that the Mass was some sort of social activity If one understands what the Mass truly is Christ Himself coming down from Heaven to renew the sacrifice of Calvary how could you possibly not be there on Sunday he asked 101 Burke condemned Traditionis custodes a July 2021 motu proprio issued by Pope Francis which effectively reversed Summorum Pontificum by placing limits on priests offering the Traditional Form of the Mass He said that he could not understand the document s assertion that the Novus Ordo form represented the unique expression of the Roman Rite of the Mass because the Traditional Form is a living form of the Roman Rite and has never ceased to be so While Francis described the Traditional Mass as something that had become a tool to promote schism in Christianity Burke said that he had not seen such tendencies in practice He alleged that the Pope s document was marked by harshness towards those who attend Mass in the older form and criticized the fact that it took effect immediately which in his view did not give adequate time for those affected to study its meaning Burke stated that Pope Francis did not have the authority to eliminate the Traditional Mass 128 129 Antinomianism edit The 2012 Synod of Bishops meeting focused on The New Evangelization In written comments to the synod Burke criticized antinomianism the belief that grace exempts Christians from obedience to moral law stating that it is among the most serious wounds of society today and is responsible for the legalization of intrinsically evil actions such as abortion embryonic stem cell research euthanasia and same sex marriage 130 Islam and immigration edit In a 2016 interview Burke said there is no question that Islam wants to govern the world and that he feared being forcibly under an Islamic government In his subsequent book Hope for the World To Unite All Things in Christ Burke says Islam is a religion that according to its own interpretation must also become the State The Koran and the authentic interpretations of it given by various experts in Koranic law is destined to govern the world In reality there is no place for other religions even though they may be tolerated as long as Islam has not succeeded in establishing its sovereignty over the nations and over the world 131 132 133 Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin said that Burke s remarks were unhelpful at a time when Europe was still wavering in the aftermath of a series of terror attacks 134 Before the 2016 United States presidential election Burke met with Steve Bannon a close advisor to Donald Trump 71 The pair met several more times 135 and Burke was for years a strong ally of Bannon 136 In 2013 he was named president of the board of advisers to Bannon s Dignitatis Humanae Institute an academy set up by Bannon to train right wing Catholic activists 136 In 2019 however Burke resigned from the board and cut ties with Bannon because of the latter s stated intent to make a film adaptation of Frederic Martel s work In the Closet of the Vatican saying that I disagree completely with a number of Mr Bannon s statements regarding the doctrine and discipline of the Roman Catholic Church 136 135 In February 2017 after Trump became president Burke said that he did not think the new president would be inspired by hatred in his treatment of the issue of immigration In 2017 Burke met with the right wing Italian nationalist Matteo Salvini head of Italy s Northern League and an opponent of Pope Francis on immigration and dialogue with Muslims 92 In 2018 Burke condemned the family separation policy of the Trump administration saying A solution to the situation has to be found which avoids this practice of separating small children from their parents that s clear 137 In May 2019 Burke said that to resist large scale Muslim immigration in my judgment is to be responsible and a responsible exercise of one s patriotism he cited a book called No Go Zones How Sharia Law is Coming to a Neighborhood Near You by former Breitbart News reporter Raheem Kassam in support of his contention that immigration of Muslims to Europe and the U S was harmful Burke said that Muslim immigration was because Christians were no longer ready to defend the moral law and expressed fears of demographic shift because Christians are not reproducing themselves 138 Clergy sex abuse edit In 2018 Burke described ongoing sex abuse scandals in the church as an apostasy from the faith He added that principally it starts with the idea that there can be legitimate sexual activity outside of marriage which of course is false completely false Burke called for prayer and acts of reparation in the midst of the crisis 139 In 2019 Burke said that lay faithful who are well prepared in dealing with sexual abuse cases should be called upon to investigate and help get to the bottom of the church s clergy abuse problem while also stating that any group of people investigating abuse cases must ultimately report and answer to the pope 76 In 2019 Burke was reported to have received together with other influential U S Catholic leaders substantial monetary gifts from West Virginia bishop Michael J Bransfield who had resigned following allegations of sexual misconduct The gifts had been reimbursed by the diocese 140 Burke said that the gifts that he received were generous but not lavish and that he had used them to make charitable donations 141 COVID 19 conspiracy theory anti vaccine edit In December 2020 Burke criticized global responses related to the COVID 19 pandemic Referring to it as the mysterious Wuhan virus he said that the virus is being used by certain forces to advance their evil agenda and to force people to become subjects of the so called Great Reset the new normal which is dictated to us by their manipulation of citizens and nations through ignorance and fear 142 143 In 2021 Burke raised objections to COVID 19 vaccination 144 145 He has denounced vaccine mandates and compared them to state mandated microchipping 144 142 143 Burke stated that the setting of vaccine mandates violates the integrity of citizens 145 In December 2020 referring to COVID 19 vaccine development Burke said that the use of fetal tissue in vaccine development is rightly abhorrent saying it is never morally justified to develop a vaccine through the use of the cell lines of aborted fetuses 145 The Vatican ruled 21 December 2020 that when ethically irreproachable Covid 19 vaccines are not available e g in countries where vaccines without ethical problems are not made available to physicians and patients or where their distribution is more difficult due to special storage and transport conditions or when various types of vaccines are distributed in the same country but health authorities do not allow citizens to choose the vaccine with which to be inoculated it is morally acceptable to receive Covid 19 vaccines that have used cell lines from aborted fetuses in their research and production process 146 145 147 Burke has also criticized social distancing 145 In August 2021 Burke announced he had tested positive for COVID 19 he was hospitalized and placed on a ventilator for several days 148 149 150 On August 28 Burke said that he had been transferred out of the intensive care unit and that his health condition was improving 151 On September 26 Burke announced that he been moved from the hospital and was making slow but steady progress in his rehabilitation from COVID 19 and he hoped to be able to resume normal duties in several weeks 152 Synod on Synodality edit On July 10 2023 Burke was one of five cardinals who signed a letter to Pope Francis expressing concerns that the upcoming Synod on Synodality would undermine traditional Church teaching particularly on matters related to sexuality the role of synodality in the Church the issue of whether teaching could change with time and the ordaining of women as priests The letter posed a series of questions which the Pope was asked to clarify Pope Francis responded one day later The cardinals found his response unsatisfactory and wrote him a second letter dated August 21 in which they rephrased their questions so that they could be answered simply as yes or no Francis did not respond and in October the cardinals made their letters public 153 154 Honors editDuring his tenure in Saint Louis Burke was awarded honorary doctorates in humane letters by two US Catholic universities Ave Maria University in 2005 155 and Christendom College in 2007 156 Archbishop Robert James Carlson of St Louis created the Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke Chair in Canon Law at St Louis s Kenrick Glennon Seminary 157 In May 2011 the Franciscan University of Steubenville awarded Burke an honorary doctorate 158 Selected works editLack of discretion of judgment because of schizophrenia doctrine and recent rotal jurisprudence Doctoral Dissertation Rome Pontificia Universita Gregoriana 1986 See also Defectus discretionis iudicii propter schizophreniam Doctrina et recens iurisprudentia Periodica 73 1984 555 570 and Lack of Discretion of Judgment Canonical Doctrine and Legislation in The Jurist 45 1985 171 209 Canon 1095 1 and 2 in Incapacity for marriage Jurisprudence and Interpretation Acts of the III Gregorian Collguium Robert M Sable coordinator and editor Rome Pontificia Universita Gregoriana 1987 La procedura amministrativa per la dichiarazione di nullita del matrimonio in I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico Studi giuridici 27 Vatican City Libreria editrice Vaticana 1992 93 105 Il processo di dispensa dal matrimonio rato e non consummato la grazia pontificia e la sua natura in I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico Studi giuridici 27 Vatican City Libreria editrice Vaticana 1992 135 144 The Application of Canon 1095 and sacramental pastoral activity concerning marriage in Ius in vita et in missione Ecclesiae Acta Symposii internationalis iuris canonici occurrente X anniversario promulgationis Codicis iuris canonici diebus 19 24 aprilis 1993 in Civitate Vaticana celebrati Pontificia Concilium de legum textibus interpretandis Vatican City Libreria editrice Vaticana 1994 1095 1102 The Distinction of Personnel in Hierarchically Related Tribunals in Studia canonica 28 1994 85 98 Canon 1421 The Nullity of a Decision by a Single Lay Judge 1994 in Arthur J Espelage OFM ed CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994 2000 Washington DC CLSA 2002 451 452 Canons 1421 1422 and 1435 1436 The Exercise of the Office of Judge or Defender of the Bond by a Priest on Leave of Absence from Priestly Ministry 1995 co authored with Joseph R Punderson in Arthur J Espelage OFM ed CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994 2000 Washington DC CLSA 2002 453 454 La confessio iudicialis e le dichiarizioni giudiziali delle parti in I mezzi di prova nelle cause matrimoniali secondo la giurisprudenza rotale Studi Giuridici XXXVIII Vatican City Libreria editrice Vaticana 1995 15 30 Commentary on the July 12 1993 Decree of the Apostolic Signatura relating to the qualifications of advocates in Canadian Canon Law Society Newsletter 21 1996 9 13 for Spanish translation see Abogados uniones matrimoniales irregulares y causas de nulidad matrimonial Texto y comentario de una Respuesta de Tribunal Supremo de la Signatura Apostolica in REDC 51 1994 639 645 Canon Law at the Service of the New Evangelization given on the occasion of receiving the Role of Law Award from the Canon Law Society of America in Canon Law Society of America Proceedings 62 2000 497 500 introductory remarks of gratitude 495 496 On Our Civic Responsibility for the Common Good Saint Louis Archdiocese of Saint Louis 2004 Canon 915 The Discipline Regarding the Denial of Holy Communion to Those Obstinately Persevering in Manifest Grave Sin in Periodica 96 2007 3 58 Divine Love Made Flesh The Holy Eucharist as the Sacrament of Charity San Diego Catholic Action 2012 ISBN 978 0981631424 Hope for the World To Unite All Things in Christ San Francisco Ignatius Press 2016 ISBN 978 1621641162 See also editCatholic Church in the United States Hierarchy of the Catholic Church List of Catholic bishops in the United StatesReferences edit Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke Archdiocese of St Louis Archived from the original on July 18 2011 Retrieved August 17 2016 Silk Mark September 9 2015 Cardinal Burke attacks Pope Francis Reforms Religion News Archived from the original on August 26 2016 Retrieved August 17 2016 Rocca Francis X November 10 2014 Thousands sign petition thanking Cardinal Burke The Catholic Herald Archived from the original on July 1 2016 Retrieved August 24 2018 a b Rocca Francis X July 6 2012 For Cardinal Burke restoring tradition is a work in progress Catholic News Service Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 Ines San Martin March 8 2017 Pope Francis I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy Crux Archived from the original on March 9 2017 Retrieved May 18 2017 Cardinal Raymond Burke seen as the leader of the pope s conservative opposition Catherine Pepinster March 4 2017 Civil war in the Vatican as conservatives battle Francis for the soul of Catholicism theguardian com Archived from the original on May 18 2017 Retrieved May 18 2017 Cardinal Raymond Burke an arch conservative American canon lawyer Lamb Christopher November 12 2016 Cardinal Burke very happy with election of Trump saying president elect undoubtedly preferable to Clinton The Tablet Archived from the original on November 12 2020 Retrieved December 20 2020 Joyce Kathryn October 30 2020 Deep State Deep Church How QAnon and Trumpism Have Infected the Catholic Church Vanity Fair Archived from the original on April 30 2021 Retrieved December 20 2020 Gibson David August 22 2016 Cardinal Burke insists he is serving Francis not opposing him National Catholic Reporter Religion News Service Archived from the original on February 9 2019 Retrieved February 9 2019 Douthat Ross November 9 2019 Cardinal Burke I m Called the Enemy of the Pope Which I Am Not The New York Times Archived from the original on November 10 2019 Retrieved April 2 2020 a b c d Cascioli Riccardo April 17 2015 Cardinal Burke Responds to Recent Criticisms National Catholic Register Archived from the original on August 23 2017 Retrieved September 9 2019 a b c d Editorial Cardinal Burke is a living symbol of a failed version of church National Catholic Reporter July 31 2019 Archived from the original on August 1 2019 Retrieved September 8 2019 a b Chretien Claire November 24 2016 Cardinals Burke Pell officially removed from Congregation for Divine Worship California Catholic Daily Archived from the original on December 21 2016 Retrieved August 20 2018 a b Niccolo Mazzarino e Veronica Sansonetti February 6 2017 Ordine di Malta ecco come e perche il cardinale Burke e stato esautorato Formiche net Archived from the original on February 6 2017 Retrieved February 6 2017 a b Davis Michael Warren November 15 2018 Are tensions rising between the Vatican and Cardinal Burke The Catholic Herald Archived from the original on July 30 2019 Retrieved November 13 2019 a b Horowitz Jason Graham Ruth November 28 2023 Reports Say Pope Francis Is Evicting U S Cardinal From His Vatican Home The New York Times Retrieved November 28 2023 BURKE Card Raymond Leo Vatican Press Archived from the original on April 5 2017 Retrieved August 8 2018 Fitzgerald Sheila July 15 2010 Senior Vatican figure comes home to Cullen The Corfman Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 8 2018 Cardinal Burke blesses breaks ground for school addition in Richland Center The Catholic Times Diocese of La Crosse Joseph O Brien August 9 2012 p 11 St Mary of the Assumption Catholic School Witness the Difference Saint Marys of Richland Center Archived from the original on June 26 2019 Retrieved June 26 2019 via stmarysrc com Basselin Program Theological College Retrieved December 18 2023 a b Pope appoints Bishop Raymond Burke as new Archbishop of St Louis Catholic News Agency December 2 2003 Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 8 2018 Mission amp History Aquinas High School Aquinas High School Archived from the original on April 28 2014 Retrieved August 24 2018 Cardinal Burke at Aquinas today La Crosse WI Tribune January 5 2011 Cardinal Burke celebrates Mass at Aquinas High School ACS rededicates Aquinas addition as Cardinal Burke Hall Joseph O Brien The Catholic Times Diocese of La Crosse January 13 2011 p 3 Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke Catholic Hierarchy org David M Cheney Retrieved September 10 2019 Synod V acts celebrated June 11 14 2000 La Crosse Wis Diocese of La Crosse 2003 History Of The Canons Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem Archived from the original on September 9 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Gay Malcolm August 25 2004 Bishop Takes Queen Riverfront Times Archived from the original on April 30 2015 a b c Harris Ron December 7 2003 Bishop Burke doesn t mind taking the heat La Crosse Tribune Archived from the original on July 10 2018 Burke named archbishop of St Louis La Crosse Tribune Archived December 21 2004 at the Wayback Machine Burke bids farewell La Crosse Tribune Archived August 18 2004 at the Wayback Machine a b First ordinations in the United States Archived December 20 2016 at the Wayback Machine institute christ king org newsletter p 2 July 2007 Furcht Leo Hoffman William 2011 The Stem Cell Dilemma The Scientific Breakthroughs Ethical Concerns Political Tensions and Hope Surrounding Stem Cell Research 2nd ed New York Arcade Publishing ISBN 9781628721812 a b Gay Malcolm March 17 2012 Defiant St Louis Church Wins Archdiocese Suit The New York Times Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 10 2014 Rinunce e Nomine 08 07 2006 Press release in Italian Press Office of the Holy See July 8 2006 Archived from the original on September 30 2017 Retrieved October 5 2017 Pope appoints Burke to two high church offices He ll help interpret church law and help regulated training of priests and deacons Tim Townsend St Louis Post Dispatch May 7 2008 Rinunce e Nomine 27 06 2008 Resignations and Appointments 27 06 2008 Press release in Italian Holy See Press Office June 27 2008 B0433 01017 01 01 Archived from the original on September 13 2017 Retrieved October 10 2017 Martin S J Fr James October 19 2009 Archbishop Burke Named to Congregation of Bishops America Magazine Archived from the original on June 12 2011 Retrieved August 17 2018 Rinunce e Nomine 06 07 2010 Resignations and Appointments 06 07 2010 Press release in Italian Holy See Press Office July 6 2010 B0448 01014 01 01 Retrieved February 22 2023 Rinunce e Nomine 24 07 2010 Resignations and Appointments 24 07 2010 Press release in Italian Holy See Press Office July 24 2020 B0469 01067 01 01 Retrieved February 22 2023 Nomina di membri del Consiglio di Cardinali e Vescovi della Sezione per i Rapporti con gli Stati della Segreteria di Stato Archived March 6 2012 at the Wayback Machine Archbishop Burke appointed to head Vatican s bar association Archived 2012 07 07 at archive today Catholic News Agency October 8 2008 Thavis John Vatican defends efforts by pope church to curb sex abuse by priests Archived 2017 11 10 at the Wayback Machine Catholic News Service March 14 2010 Cardinals Take Possession Of Diaconate Titular Churches Archived 2012 10 07 at the Wayback Machine EWTN News February 1 2011 Holy See Press Office XIII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops 7 28 OCTOBER 2012 Archived 13 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Bunson Matthew February 20 2013 11 U S cardinals will enter conclave to elect pope Our Sunday Visitor Archived from the original on October 4 2017 Retrieved October 3 2017 Allen John L Jr December 16 2013 Wuerl named to bishops panel Burke not confirmed National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on October 6 2017 Retrieved October 6 2017 Hitchens Dan August 31 2018 Pope Francis and McCarrick where does the evidence lead Catholic Herald Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 9 2018 Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico per il Voto su alcune Cause di Canonizzazione 03 05 2021 Press release in Italian Holy See Press Office May 3 2021 Archived from the original on May 3 2021 Retrieved May 3 2021 a b Cardinal says Church under Francis like rudderless ship CathNews New Zealand November 4 2014 Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved August 17 2018 Pentin Edward November 8 2014 Cardinal Burke to Malta Mamberti to Apostolic Signatura Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 Pullella Philip November 8 2014 Pope demotes outspoken American conservative cardinal Reuters Archived from the original on October 9 2015 Retrieved August 20 2018 Desmond Joan Frawley Daily News Cardinal Burke Officially Transferred From Apostolic Signatura National Catholic Register Archived from the original on December 24 2014 Retrieved January 3 2015 Rocca Francis Xavier November 8 2014 Pope removes Cardinal Burke from Vatican post Catholic News Service Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved November 8 2014 The Pope s Unforced Error His demotion of Cardinal Burke a loyal but eloquent critic could turn out to be his greatest mistake Archived 2014 11 13 at the Wayback Machine National Review pp 1 2 O Loughlin Michael December 7 2014 Pope Francis Demotion of Burke not punishment Crux Archived from the original on January 12 2015 Retrieved January 22 2015 Rinunce e nomine 19 06 2023 Press release in Italian Holy See Press Office June 19 2023 Retrieved June 19 2023 Condon Ed June 21 2023 Why Cardinal Ghirlanda became patron of the Knights of Malta The Pillar Retrieved August 30 2023 Winfield Nicole January 2017 How condoms in Myanmar started a Catholic court battle in Rome Dallas News Archived from the original on November 19 2018 Retrieved November 21 2018 Pope re ups Cardinal Raymond Burke at Vatican s supreme court Crux Now September 30 2017 Archived from the original on November 19 2018 Retrieved November 21 2018 Rinunce e nomine 26 09 2015 Press release in Italian Holy See Press office September 26 2015 Archived from the original on September 27 2015 Retrieved October 13 2017 Cardinals Caffarra Burke Named to Congregation for Saints Causes Zenit September 26 2015 Archived from the original on December 1 2015 Retrieved October 13 2017 Lamb Christopher February 16 2017 Burke Pursues Justice Mission 7 000 Miles from Rome The Tablet Archived from the original on February 16 2017 Retrieved February 17 2017 Collins Charles March 19 2018 Archbishop says new journey for Guam after predecessor convicted of sex abuse Crux Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 8 2018 Brickhaus Hannah September 30 2017 Pope Francis re names Cardinal Burke to Vatican s highest court Catholic News Agency Archived from the original on October 1 2017 Retrieved September 30 2017 Pope Francis reappoints Cardinal Burke to Apostolic Signatura Catholic Herald September 30 2017 Archived from the original on September 30 2017 Retrieved September 30 2017 Feder J Lester November 16 2016 This Is How Steve Bannon Sees The Entire World Buzzfeed Archived from the original on July 9 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 Cardinal Burke cuts ties with institute citing its alignment with Bannon Crux Catholic News Service June 25 2019 Archived from the original on July 2 2019 Retrieved July 2 2019 via cruxnow com Cardinal Burke Holy League Announcement video Archived October 11 2015 at the Wayback Machine holyleague com March 7 2015 a b Allen John L Jr February 13 2017 A dose of reality about the Steve Bannon Cardinal Burke axis Crux Now Archived from the original on September 10 2018 Retrieved September 9 2018 Distant Daniel Cardinal Raymond Burke Replaced by Pope Francis Conservatives Out Moderates In Archived 2014 01 03 at the Wayback Machine The Christian Post December 18 2013 Burke Raymond Leo The Pope s radical call to the new evangelization Archived 2014 03 10 at the Wayback Machine L Osservatore Romano February 21 2014 Pentin Edward Cardinal Burke Praises Pope Francis Efforts to Re Christianize the West Archived 2014 03 07 at the Wayback Machine National Catholic Register February 25 2014 San Martin Ines March 8 2017 Pope Francis I do not see Cardinal Burke as an enemy Crux Now Archived from the original on June 13 2019 Retrieved September 7 2019 a b c Interview With Cardinal Burke Be Transformed And Put On The Mind Of Christ January 10 2019 Archived from the original on January 13 2019 Retrieved January 12 2019 Silk Mark September 20 2023 The new Americanism heresy Religion News Service Retrieved November 30 2023 Graham Ruth November 30 2023 In the American Church the Pope Has Critics Among Leaders and Laypeople The New York Times Retrieved November 30 2023 a b Pentin Edward June 10 2019 New Declaration of Truths Affirms Key Church Teachings June 20 2019 Archived from the original on June 20 2019 Retrieved June 20 2019 Pentin Edward September 12 2019 Cardinal Burke Bishop Schneider Announce Crusade of Prayer and Fasting National Catholic Register Archived from the original on September 13 2019 Retrieved September 13 2019 Thavis John Archbishop Burke says he ll continue politics abortion campaign Catholic News Service November 29 2004 St Louis prelate says voting for candidate who backs abortion a sin Catholic News Service June 4 2004 Wooden Cindy September 29 2008 CNS STORY U S archbishop at Vatican says Democrats becoming party of death Catholic News Service Archived from the original on January 20 2013 Retrieved August 20 2018 Leonard Christopher Archbishop Blasts Sheryl Crow Appearance Archived 2017 11 07 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Post April 25 2007 Palmo Rocco Burke s Plea No Crow Archived January 8 2016 at the Wayback Machine Whispers in the Loggia April 25 2007 a b Archbishop says Majerus should be disciplined St Louis Post Dispatch January 22 2008 Archived May 23 2008 at the Wayback Machine a b c Fox Thomas C March 26 2009 Vatican official chides U S bishops on abortion National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on March 29 2009 Retrieved March 28 2009 Video of the interview Fox Thomas C March 26 2009 Burke apologizes for remarks critical of U S bishops National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on March 29 2009 Retrieved March 28 2009 Archbishop Burke Catholics could not have voted for Obama with clear conscience Catholic News Agency May 13 2009 Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 8 2018 Byrne Luke Priests told deny communion to TDs who support abortion Archived 2013 03 22 at the Wayback Machine The Independent February 6 2013 Cardinal Burke Biden should not receive Holy Communion Catholic News Agency September 29 2020 Archived from the original on February 12 2021 Retrieved August 14 2021 a b Kirchgaessner Stephanie February 5 2017 US cardinal Raymond Burke stokes papal tensions by meeting nationalist in Rome The Guardian Archived from the original on May 17 2017 Retrieved May 18 2017 Wulfsohn Joseph A August 9 2019 Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke weighs in on 2020 Dems calls out Biden Harris Fox News Archived from the original on August 9 2019 Retrieved August 10 2019 Fox Thomas C July 2 2008 Community supports ousted nun National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on August 12 2018 Retrieved August 11 2018 Barthel Joan Involved laity and determined pastor rebuild St Louis parish Archived 2012 02 19 at the Wayback Machine National Catholic Reporter February 15 2012 a b c McGough Michael Opinion Cardinal Burke Serving at Mass is a manly job Archived January 11 2015 at the Wayback Machine LA Times January 9 2015 a b Christoff Matthew James January 5 2015 Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke on the Catholic Man crisis and what to do about it The New Emangelization Archived from the original on January 8 2015 Retrieved January 8 2015 a b Eleftheriou Smith Loulla Mae January 12 2015 American Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke blames paedophile priests on radical feminists The Independent Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved August 11 2018 margeryeagan The Church has a problem with women Really Archived October 2 2016 at the Wayback Machine Crux January 8 2015 Catholic Synod Cardinal demoted by Pope Francis BBC Archived from the original on October 18 2014 Retrieved October 18 2014 a b Interview With Cardinal Burke Insights On The Church And Modern Society The Wanderer November 10 2013 Archived from the original on December 23 2016 Retrieved December 22 2016 Blumberg Antonia October 10 2014 Cardinal Raymond Burke Takes Break From Vatican Synod To Say Ugly Things About Gay Relationships The Huffington Post Archived from the original on December 22 2016 Retrieved August 17 2018 Hudson David Cardinal says gay couples shouldn t be invited to family gatherings if children are present Archived October 21 2014 at the Wayback Machine gaystarnews com October 11 2014 a b Cardinal Burke renews attack on Pope s theologian Kasper The Tablet April 30 2015 Archived from the original on August 6 2017 Retrieved August 14 2018 Backler Katherine Dodd Liz May 28 2015 Ireland worse than the pagans for legalising gay marriage says senior cardinal The Tablet Archived from the original on October 7 2017 Retrieved October 6 2017 Kelly Michael June 3 2015 Irish Church leader distances himself from Cardinal Burke s comments on marriage referendum Catholic Herald Archived from the original on October 7 2017 Retrieved October 6 2017 Pentin Edward August 8 2017 Cardinal Burke s 10 Ways to Overcome Crisis of Confusion Division in the Church National Catholic Register Archived from the original on October 7 2017 Retrieved October 6 2017 Catholic cardinals urge end of homosexual agenda BBC February 20 2019 Archived from the original on February 21 2019 Retrieved February 24 2019 Blumberg Antonia Cardinal Raymond Burke Takes Break From Vatican Synod To Say Ugly Things About Gay Relationships Archived October 22 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Huffington Post October 14 2014 Retrieved November 9 2014 Cardinal concerned by new Church stance advanced at Synod Raidio Teilifis Eireann October 14 2014 Archived from the original on July 9 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 Feder J Lester and Ellie Hall Conservative Cardinal Who Clashed With Pope Francis Confirms He Has Been Ousted Archived October 6 2017 at the Wayback Machine buzzfeed com October 17 2014 Four cardinals seek audience with Pope over doctrinal confusion Catholic Herald June 20 2017 Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved August 10 2018 Pentin Edward November 14 2016 Four Cardinals Formally Ask Pope for Clarity on Amoris Laetitia National Catholic Register Archived from the original on November 15 2016 Retrieved November 15 2016 McElwee Joshua J November 14 2016 Four cardinals openly challenge Francis over Amoris Laetitia National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on November 15 2016 Retrieved November 15 2016 Pentin Edward November 14 2016 Full Text and Explanatory Notes of Cardinals Questions on Amoris Laetitia National Catholic Register Archived from the original on September 11 2019 Retrieved September 10 2019 Pentin Edward June 19 2017 Dubia Cardinals Seek Papal Audience National Catholic Register Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved August 10 2018 gt Allen John Giangrave Claire April 7 2018 Amoris critics at Rome summit beg pope bishops Confirm us in the faith Crux Now Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved August 9 2018 Winfield Nicole September 6 2018 US cardinal critic of pope still waiting for answers Crux Now Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 Medlin Marianne Cardinal Burke suffering does not rid life of purpose Archived 2011 08 05 at the Wayback Machine Catholic News Agency July 25 2011 Rocca Francis X Cardinal Burke optimistic on reconciliation with SSPX Archived 2017 12 02 at the Wayback Machine Catholic News Service June 15 2012 Niles Christine October 2 2017 Cdl Burke SSPX in Schism Archived from the original on July 9 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 Bryon Susan September 4 2017 Cardinal Burke offers Pontifical High Mass in Glasgow parish church Catholic Herald Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 13 2018 Brende Eric May 17 2017 No One Expects the Inquisition My Adventures with Cardinal Burke amp the ICKSP Commonweal Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 Dipippio Gregory July 6 2017 FSSP Ordinations in Germany with Cardinal Burke New Liturgical Movement Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved August 7 2018 Wooden Cindy March 3 2011 Vatican officials say bad Masses lead to weak faith Catholic News Service U S Conference of Catholic Bishops Catholic News Service Archived from the original on June 26 2019 Retrieved September 6 2018 via www catholicnews com Wooden Cindy March 3 2011 Cardinals liturgical abuse weakens the faith The Catholic Herald Archived from the original on August 27 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 Horowitz Jason March 18 2023 What does a pope like to wear Francis keeps it simple The Washington Post Retrieved November 29 2023 Pentin Edward July 16 2021 Latin Mass Supporters React With Dismay to Pope s Severe New Restrictions National Catholic Register Archived from the original on July 17 2021 Retrieved July 16 2021 Bermudez Alejandro July 23 2021 Cardinal Burke Questions the Authority of Pope Francis to Eliminate the Traditional Latin Mass National Catholic Register Archived from the original on July 23 2021 Retrieved July 23 2021 Cardinal Burke Vatican II betrayed by breakdown of church discipline Archived 2016 08 20 at the Wayback Machine Catholic New Service October 25 2012 Gibson David July 21 2016 US cardinal says Christian nations in West must counter Islamic influx Religion News Service Archived from the original on June 2 2019 Retrieved May 20 2019 Cardinal Burke it s reasonable to be afraid of Islam s desire to govern the world Archived September 15 2016 at the Wayback Machine catholicherald co uk July 22 2016 Pronechen Joseph Cardinal Burke Speaks on Attendance Drops Liturgy Ad Orientem and Islam Archived September 7 2016 at the Wayback Machine ncronline org September 6 2016 Mac Donald Sarah Dublin archbishop rebukes Cardinal Burke s comments on Islam Archived September 14 2016 at the Wayback Machine ncronline org July 28 2016 a b Cardinal Burke cuts ties with institute citing its alignment with Bannon Archived September 1 2021 at the Wayback Machine Catholic News Service June 25 2019 a b c Philip Pullella Conservative Vatican cardinal withdraws support for Steve Bannon Archived September 1 2021 at the Wayback Machine Reuters June 26 2019 Raymond Arroyo Party over Faith June 20 2018 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Duncan Robert May 20 2019 Cardinal Burke Limiting Muslim immigration is patriotic The Catholic Herald Archived from the original on May 20 2019 Retrieved May 21 2019 Cardinal Burke We face a grave crisis touching the heart of the Church Catholic News Agency August 16 2018 Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Boorstein Michelle Boburg Shawn O Harrow Jr Shawn June 5 2019 W Va bishop gave powerful cardinals and other priests 350 000 in cash gifts before his ouster church records show The Washington Post Archived from the original on June 5 2019 Retrieved June 5 2019 Altieri Christopher July 3 2019 Cardinal Burke breaks silence over gifts from disgraced bishop Catholic Herald Archived from the original on July 5 2019 Retrieved September 7 2019 a b Burke Raymond December 12 2020 Homilies Solemnity of Our Lady of Guadalupe on Dec 12 2020 Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe La Crosse Wisconsin cardinalburke com Archived from the original on August 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 a b Cardinal Raymond Burke vaccine skeptic announces he has coronavirus National Catholic Register August 11 2021 Archived from the original on August 11 2021 Retrieved August 15 2021 a b Marisa Iati August 19 2021 Philadelphia becomes latest archdiocese to reject religious exemptions for vaccine mandates Washington Post Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved September 1 2021 a b c d e Jaclyn Peiser August 17 2021 A conservative cardinal who criticized the vaccine caught covid Days later he was put on a ventilator Washington Post Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 16 2021 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Note on the Morality of Using Some Anti Covid 19 Vaccines 21 December 2020 https www vatican va roman curia congregations cfaith documents rc con cfaith doc 20201221 nota vaccini anticovid en html Archived March 24 2021 at the Wayback Machine This Note discusses in detail the conditions that are required for such vaccination use to be morally licit The Note cites other previous Vatican pronouncements on whether development of vaccines by use of aborted fetal cell lines is morally licit In 4 the Note clarifies that the licit use of such vaccines does not and should not in any way imply that there is a moral endorsement of the use of cell lines proceeding from aborted fetuses Covid Vatican says coronavirus vaccines morally acceptable BBC News December 22 2020 Archived from the original on August 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Neman Daniel August 14 2021 Cardinal Burke former archbishop of St Louis has COVID 19 is on ventilator STLtoday com Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 16 2021 Giangrave Claire August 16 2021 Cardinal Burke on ventilator days after testing positive for coronavirus National Catholic Reporter Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 16 2021 Cardinal Burke Suffering with COVID 19 Placed on Ventilator National Catholic Register August 15 2021 Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved August 16 2021 Mullen Shannon August 28 2021 Cardinal Burke tweets that his condition is improving Catholic News Agency Archived from the original on September 16 2021 Retrieved September 27 2021 Herken Olivia September 27 2021 Cardinal Burke former St Louis archbishop out of hospital making steady but slow progress in COVID 19 recovery La Crosse Tribune Archived from the original on September 27 2021 Retrieved September 27 2021 Horowitz Jason October 3 2023 Conservative Catholics Relegated to Sidelines Denounce Papal Gathering The New York Times Winfield Nicole October 2 2023 Five cardinals challenge pope to affirm church teaching on gays women ahead of synod National Catholic Reporter Ave Maria University confers first honorary degrees May 11 2005 Archived July 19 2011 at the Wayback Machine Archbishop Burke and College Founders Honored at 30th Anniversary Convocation September 21 2007 Archived December 27 2010 at the Wayback Machine Brinker Jennifer Kenrick Glennon Seminary canon law chair established in Cardinal Burke s name Archived November 30 2010 at the Wayback Machine St Louis Review November 21 2010 Franciscan University of Steubenville Office of Public Relations Commencement Speakers Call Graduates to Holiness Archived June 17 2011 at the Wayback Machine May 26 2011 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raymond Leo Burke nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Raymond Leo Burke Burke Card Raymond Leo Holy See Press Office Archived from the original on April 5 2017 Retrieved November 25 2017 Catholic Church titlesPreceded byJohn Joseph Paul Bishop of La Crosse1995 2003 Succeeded byJerome E ListeckiPreceded byJustin Francis Rigali Archbishop of St Louis2003 2008 Succeeded byRobert James CarlsonPreceded byAgostino Vallini Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura2008 2014 Succeeded byDominique MambertiPreceded byTomas Spidlik TITULAR Cardinal Deacon of Sant Agata de Goti2010 2021 Succeeded byHimself as cardinal priest Preceded byHimself as cardinal deacon TITULAR Cardinal Priest of Sant Agata de Goti2021 present IncumbentPreceded byPaolo Sardi Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta2014 2023 Succeeded byGianfranco Ghirlanda Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Christianity nbsp United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Raymond Leo Burke amp oldid 1202609257, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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