Rapid Action Battalion
Rapid Action Battalion or RAB, is an anti-crime and anti-terrorism unit of the Bangladesh Police. This elite force consists of members of the Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Police, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force, Border Guard Bangladesh, and Bangladesh Ansar. It was formed on 26 March 2004 as RAT (Rapid Action Team), and commenced operations on 14 April 2004.[2] From 2004 to 2008 RAB had killed 1,062 people.[3]
| Rapid Action Battalion | |
|---|---|
| র্যাপিড অ্যাকশন ব্যাটালিয়ন (Bengali) | |
Emblem of Rapid Action Battalion | |
| Active | 26 March 2004 – present |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Agency | Bangladesh Police |
| Headquarters | Kurmitola, Dhaka |
| Motto | বাংলাদেশ আমার অহংকার |
| Abbreviation | RAB (র্যাব) |
| Structure | |
| Officers | Approx. 12,000[1] |
| Battalions | 15 |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Director General Addl. IGP M Khurshid Hossain |
| Equipment | |
| Aircraft | Bell 407 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |
The Rapid Action Battalion has faced criticism from rights groups for their use of extrajudicial killings and alleged involvement in forced disappearances.[2]
History Edit
2003–2008 Edit
Rapid Action Battalion was formed on 12 July 2003 under the Armed Police Battalion (Amendment) Act, 2003.[4] The act was passed through the amendment of Armed Forces Battalion Ordinance 1979 which provides immunity to RAB officers for actions taken in the course of their duty.[5] Each battalion of Rapid Action Battalion is commanded by Additional Deputy Inspector General rank officer or its equivalent in other forces. RAB cannot file cases with courts themselves but must be forward the cases to Bangladesh Police who will file the case with the court.[4] RAB is composed of personnel from Bangladesh military and law enforcement agencies who return to their own units after service with RAB ends.[6]
RAB replaced the short lived Rapid Action Team (RAT) which was formed in January 2003.[7][8] RAB has faced criticism for alleged extrajudicial killings from its formation. In an editorial on 23 July 2004 The Daily Star wrote "reign it in before it turns into a [RABid] monster."[9] RAB was provided weapons seized from 10-Truck Arms and Ammunition Haul in Chittagong on 16 April 2004.[10] RAB has a media centre in Karwan Bazar.[11]
On 15 July 2004, RAB arrested Sumon Ahmed Majumder, a Jubo League leader and garment trader, in Tongi.[12] He died within 10 hours of being arrested from torture at RAB headquarters in Uttara.[12] He was a witness to the murder of Ahsanullah Master, member of parliament from Awami League.[12] Police claimed he died while resisting arrest while RAB claimed he was lynched by the general public.[12] Police refused to take a complaint from his father.[12]
On 30 May 2005, RAB arrested Abul Kalam Azad Sumon, a tailor and Bangladesh Chhattra League activist, from Dhaka along with two others.[12] He was killed soon after.[12] He had been shot six times and his body showed signs of torture.[12] According to his mother, Sumon had switched from Bangladesh Nationalist Party to Awami League which angered his local member of parliament Mirza Abbas.[12]
On 8 March 2006, RAB detained Md. Masudur Rahman, a businessman and activist of Jubo League, from Dhaka.[12] His body was found with signs of torture and bullet wounds the next day.[12]
On 24 January 2007, journalist Jahangir Alam Akash was detained and tortured by RAB-5 in Rajshahi by Major Rashidul Hassan Rashid.[12]
On 15 July 2008, Moshiul Alam Sentu of Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Chatra Dal was detained by Rapid Action Battalion from Dhaka and his body was found the next day in a paddy field in Barisal.[13] According to RAB he died in a crossfire; his body showed signs of torture.[13] Dr. Mizanur Rahman Tutul, leader of the insurgent Purbo Banglar Communist Party, was detained on 26 July and his body was recovered the next day.[13]
2009–2018 Edit
Shafique Ahmed, Minister of Law, defended RAB to Human Rights Watch by saying RAB only killed criminals in 2009.[14] On May 28, Moshin Sheikh, and Ali Jinnah, students of Dhaka Polytechnic Institute, were killed in a crossfire by RAB.[15] On 22 October, F. M. Masum, a reporter of the New Age, was beaten after he hesitated to open the door for plainclothes RAB officers who were assaulting his landlord's wife.[15] The officers had said he deserved to beaten for working for Nurul Kabir, editor of the New Age.[15] Bangladesh Air Force Officer Anisur Rahman, on deputation to RAB, was found guilty of torture by RAB's own internal investigation; he was sent back to the air force and no further action was taken.[15] RAB-1 led by Flight Lieutenant Raihan Asgar Khan killed Kaiser Mahmud Bappi in a crossfire.[15] On 13 November, Lutfar Rahman Khalashi, and Khairul Huq Khalashi, two brothers and businessmen, were detained by RAB from Narayanganj District.[15] Their family organized a press conference and protest asking they not be killed in a crossfire.[15] They were killed in a crossfire on 16 November.[15] Bangladesh High Court expressed concern over the death of the two brothers.[16]
On 3 February, Mohiuddin Arif, a technician at Apollo Hospital Dhaka was detained and tortured in custody by RAB.[15] He later died from his injuries.[15] Azad Hussein Pappu, and Abdus Sattar were detained on 27 February and killed the next in a crossfire by RAB on 28 February 2010.[15] On 22 March 2010, Bangladesh Police stopped a photo exhibition on deaths by RAB at Drik Picture Library by Shahidul Alam.[17]
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, a salesman and member of extremist Allah-r Dol, was forcible disappeared by RAB in February.[15] RAB detained the Asian Human Rights Commission representative, William Gomes, and tortured him at their headquarters on 21 May 2011.[18] Limon Hossain, a 16 year old student of Jhalakati College, was shot by RAB and had to have his leg amputated on 23 March 2011.[19][20] Hossain was assaulted by informants of RAB on 20 August 2012.[21] Rasal Ahmed Bhutto, was detained on 3 March and killed in a crossfire a week later.[15] On 4 November 2011, Colonel Zulfiqar Ali Majumder led members of his unit, Rapid Action Battalion-7, to Talsara Darbar Sharif and robbed the compound keeping the pir at gunpoint.[22][23] They stole 27 million BDT from the shrine.[24] Four months later, a driver of the shrine sued 10 members of Rapid Action Battalion and two informants for the robbery.[22]
On 5 March 2012, RAB told Mohammad Imam Hassan's family members that they rescued him and demanded a bribe for his release.[5] Despite a bribe being paid, he has not been seen since then.[5]
On 11 May 2013, Mohammad Fokhrul Islam, a businessman, was the victim of enforced disappearance by RAB.[25] His family members were warned by RAB with enforced disappearance not to talk about the issue.[5] On 27 November 2013, Saiful Islam Hiru, former Bangladesh Nationalist Party member of parliament, and Mohammad Humayun Kabir Parvez, Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician, disappeared after being detained by RAB led by Lieutenant Colonel Tareque Sayeed.[5] RAB was involved in the enforced disappearance of Adnan Chowdhury, Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician, on 5 December.[5] The police refused to take a case from Chowdhury's father which mentioned RAB.[5]
In Narayganj, rogue RAB-11 officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Tareque Sayeed abducted and killed seven men in April 2014.[14]
On 10 March 2015, RAB vehicle was seen when Salahuddin Ahmed, Bangladesh Nationalist Party, leader was victim of enforced disappearance by law enforcement agencies.[26]
In March 2017, Intelligence Wing chief Lieutenant Colonel Abul Kalam Azad was killed in a bomb blast in Sylhet while raiding an Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant hideout.[27]
2018–2023 Edit
In May 2018, Squadron Leader Mohammad Rezaul Haque led a RAB unit in Cox's Bazar that Killed Ekramul Haque, Tekhnaf Munificipality councilor and Awami League leader in an alleged crossfire.[5] His death was recorded as he had called his wife and she recorded the call which disproved RAB's claims.[5] It resulted in the United States using the Magnitsky Act against seven former and current officers of RAB; the first usage against Bangladesh.[5]
RAB detained three business partners of Major General Tarique Ahmed Siddique, defence advisor to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, in January 2019.[28] One of whom, retired Army captain Johirul Haque Khandaker, died eight months later in custody.[28] Human Rights Watch described the detention the result of a business dispute.[5]
A cyber unit of RAB-3 identified Ahmed Kabir Kishore, Mushtaq Ahmed, Didarul Bhuiyan, activist, and Minhaz Mannan Emon as targets for publishing cartoons critical of the government and charged under the Digital Security Act in May 2020.[5] They had been victims of enforced disappearance before being officially detained. Ahmed died is custody where Kishore alleged they were tortured.[5]
In 2021, Al Jazeera released a documentary called All the Prime Minister's Men in which the brother of the then Chief of Army, General Aziz Ahmed, bragged about RAB as his personal gangsters and thugs who make money for him and them through detentions.[5]
In August 2022, Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Ismail Hossain, air wing director, died after being injured in a helicopter crash.[29] On 30 September, Director General of RAB, Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun, was promoted and appointed Inspector General of Bangladesh Police.[30] Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun was under sanctions of the United States for human rights abuse.[30]
In 2023, Deutsche Welle published a documentary titled "Inside the Death Squad," which delved into the allegations of human rights abuses and extrajudicial killings committed by the RAB.[31][32]
Location Edit
RAB also has 15 battalion size field units spread all over the country. Among them, 5 are located in the capital Dhaka. The units are located as follows:
- RAB-HQ : Kurmitola, Dhaka[33]
- RAB-1 : Uttara, Dhaka[34]
- RAB-2 : Agargaon, Dhaka[35]
- RAB-3 : Tikatuli, Dhaka[36]
- RAB-4 : Mirpur, Dhaka[37]
- RAB-5 : Rajshahi[38]
- RAB-6 : Khulna[39]
- RAB-7 : Chattogram[40]
- RAB-8 : Barishal[41]
- RAB-9 : Sylhet[42]
- RAB-10 : Jatrabari, Dhaka[43]
- RAB-11 : Narayanganj[44]
- RAB-12 : Sirajganj, Tangail[45]
- RAB-13 : Rangpur[46]
- RAB-14 : Mymensingh[47]
- RAB-15 : Cox's Bazar[48]
Activities Edit
Main activities and types of work done by RAB are:[4]
Counter-Terrorism: RAB apprehended numerous terrorism suspects during the course of their tenure.
Anti drugs: RAB has been involved in the control of illegal substances such as ya ba, phensedyl and heroin.
Emergency help: RAB provides immediate response for situations such as armed robbery and kidnappings.
National common or annual needs: Many national needs are filled by RAB by providing extra duty during Eid-ul-Fitr, Puja, world Ijtema, and Akheri Munazat, among other events. They also contribute resources during elections, such as the Narayangonj City Corporation Election.
Ranks and insignia Edit
Because RAB is composed of officers and troops from Bangladesh Police and Bangladesh Armed Forces, it was necessary to attribute a common rank insignia to the RAB badges. Such insignia can be seen in the illustrations below.[49]
List of Director Generals Edit
| No | Name | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anwarul Iqbal | 26 March 2004 | 24 April 2005 |
| 2 | Abdul Aziz Sarkar | 24 April 2005 | 2 November 2006 |
| 3 | Khoda Baks Chowdhury | 2 November 2006 | 3 November 2006 |
| 4 | SM Mizanur Rahman | 3 November 2006 | 13 February 2007 |
| 5 | Baharul Alam | 13 February 2007 | 14 February 2007 |
| 6 | Hasan Mahmud Khandaker | 15 February 2007 | 30 August 2010 |
| 7 | Md. Mokhleshur Rahman | 30 August 2010 | 31 November 2014 |
| 8 | Benazir Ahmed | 7 January 2015 | 14 April 2020 |
| 9 | Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun[50] | 15 April 2020 | 29 September 2022 |
| 10 | M Khurshid Hossain | 30 September 2022 | Incumbent |
Notable arrests Edit
The following is a table containing details of major arrests by the RAB according to their official website:[51]
| Name | Charge | Arrest | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mufti Hannan | Assassination attempt of the Leader of the Opposition and present Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Mufti Hannan was a top leader of Harkat-ul-Jihad | 1 October 2005 | [52] |
| Pichchi Hannan | Terrorism | 26 June 2004, later killed trying to escape | [53] |
| Debashis | Accomplice to Pichchi Hannan | killed in crossfire, 24 June 2004 | [54] |
| Mollah Shamim | 10 cases including three murders | killed in crossfire, 6 September 2004 | [55] |
| Shaheb Ali | Printing of Jihadi leaflets distributed during the 17 August 2005 Bombings | 17 September 2005 | [12] |
| Shahabuddin | Extortion | Killed 26 October 2004 | [56] |
| Syed Monir Hossain | Several criminal offences, including two murders | killed in crossfire, 11 March 2005 | [57] |
| Shahjahan | 5 charges including murder, rape and robbery | killed in crossfire, 12 January 2005 | |
| Rafiqul Islam | Suicide squad member, Narayanganj JMB commander | 27 December 2005 | [1] |
| Sumon Ahmed Majumder | Extortion | killed "in crossfire" (see BBC article) | [2] |
| Ekramul Haque | Islamic Militancy | December 2005 | |
| Hasibul | 16 cases including 12 murder cases | 26 January 2005, later killed attempting to escape | [4] |
| Names Unknown | Weapon Creators, Killed over 10 People | Squadron Leader Sabbir Ahmed Khan and his friends caught the gang in May 2009 | [5] |
Criticisms Edit
Although the RAB has been successful in apprehending several high-profile terrorists, including the infamous Bangla Bhai, Human Rights Watch has accused RAB of numerous deaths, which have been attributed to crossfire.[58][59] In March 2010, the battalion leader claimed 622 deaths were due to 'crossfire', while some human rights organisations claimed that more than 1,000 extrajudicial killings were the product of the battalion.[2] Further, there have been many reports of torture in connection with the battalion's activities.[60][61]
Murders Edit
Sixteen RAB-11 officials (sacked afterwards) including Lt Col (sacked) Tareque Sayeed, Major (sacked) Arif Hossain, and Lt Commander (sacked) Masud Rana were given the death penalty for abduction, murder, concealing the bodies, conspiracy and destroying evidence in the Narayanganj Seven Murder case.[62][63] Another nine RAB-11 officials were awarded jail terms of 7 to 17 years in the same case.[64]
Extrajudicial killings Edit
According to Human Rights Watch, members of Rapid Action Battalion have shot and killed women and children during public protests.[65] Rights group describe it as a "death squad."[2]
In 2017, a reporter from Swedish Radio recorded a high-ranking RAB officer explaining how the RAB selects people to kill, and how it kills people. They kill people who they suspect of serious crimes but consider too difficult to convict in a trial or impossible to rehabilitate. He said, "If you find him – shoot and kill him, wherever he is. And then plant a weapon beside him." This officer says that people disappear this way every day, and that innocent people can disappear.[66]
US Senators seeking sanction Edit
On 27 October 2020, The United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee wrote a letter to the United States Secretary of State and United States Secretary of the Treasury, urging them to impose sanctions on senior officials of the Rapid Action Battalion for human rights violations.[67][68][69][70]
Framing incidents Edit
Limon Hossain, a college student at Jamaddarhat at Rajapur Upazila in Jhalakati, was shot at by RAB personnel near his house on 23 March 2011, triggering a local and international outcry. His left leg had to be amputated as a result. The battalion filed two cases that day with the Rajapur police implicating Limon in an arms case and accusing him of obstructing police duties.[71] The government finally decided to withdraw the cases against Limon on 9 July 2013, citing his need to return to a "healthy and normal life".[72]
Rapid Action Battalion is accused of framing a Bangladeshi expatriate named Shamim Sikder on false charges of drug and forged currency and torturing him in custody.[73][74]
Enforced disappearances Edit
Families of the victims and witnesses blamed RAB for picking up 83 people while detective branch for 38, ‘law enforcers’ for 55, and plainclothes men for 20 others reported between January 2007 and August 2014, according to a report by human rights organization Ain-o-Shalish Kendro (ASK). The report also said that at least 70 leaders and activists of the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami fell victim to enforced disappearance while 37 others were activists of ruling Awami League.[75]
On 5 February 2012 approximately at 1.00 a.m. Al Mukaddas (22), a 4th-year student of the Department of Al Fiqah, and Mohammad Waliullah (23), a Masters candidate of Dawah and Islamic Studies Department of Islamic University, were allegedly arrested and disappeared by some persons who identified themselves as RAB-4 and DB Police members from Savar. Both were members of the Islamic student organization Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir and were allegedly detained by members of the RAB and the Detective Branch (DB) of the Bangladesh Police on 4 February 2012. They have not been heard from since and their whereabouts are unknown. The RAB has denied detaining the two men in a statement to a Bangladeshi newspaper. However, reports from several sources and a pattern of disappearances thought to have been conducted by RAB in recent months cast doubt on RAB's denial.[76]
U.S. sanctions Edit
On 10 December 2021, the U.S. Department of the Treasury added RAB to its Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list under GLOMAG.[77] Six individuals associated with RAB – including its Director General, Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun, former DG Benazir Ahmed, ADG Colonel KM Azad were also sanctioned. Entities on the list have their assets blocked and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from dealing with them.[78] Bangladesh Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen wrote an open letter to the US Secretariat of State Antony Blinken regarding RAB to reconsider those sanctions.[79] On the others hand US Congressman and Chair of the US House Foreign Affairs Committee Gregory W Meeks has strongly supported those sanctions by the US Government and said that wholesale sanctions against Bangladesh were not necessary, but targeted sanctions were most useful.[80]
References Edit
- ^ Alam, Niloy; Al Hasnat, Mahadi (6 November 2016). "DMP: SWAT team will root out militancy and terrorism". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d "WikiLeaks: U.K. trained Bangladeshi 'death squad'". NBC News. 21 December 2010.
- ^ "Extrajudicial killings: 51 die in three months". Dhaka Tribune. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ a b c "Rapid Action Battalion". Banglapedia. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ""Where No Sun Can Enter": A Decade of Enforced Disappearances in Bangladesh". Human Rights Watch. 16 August 2021.
- ^ "Bangladesh: Broken Promises From Government to Halt RAB Killings". Human Rights Watch. 10 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Cabinet body reviews lowly law and order". The Daily Star. 27 May 2003. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ "RAT hits the road tomorrow". The Daily Star. 24 January 2003. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ Huda, Muhammad Nurul. "Rapid Action Battalion: Rationale and reality". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "Rab gets 1,790 seized arms of Ctg ammo haul". The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
- ^ "Dead Abdur Rahman is Abu Ibrahim al-Hanif". Dhaka Tribune. 21 October 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Ignoring Executions and Torture: Impunity for Bangladesh's Security Forces". Human Rights Watch. 18 May 2009.
- ^ a b c "Bangladesh: End Wave of Killings by Elite Forces". Human Rights Watch. 11 August 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Letter to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Re: Bangladesh Rapid Action Battalion". Human Rights Watch. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m ""Crossfire": Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh's Rapid Action Battalion". Human Rights Watch. 10 May 2011.
- ^ Sarkar, Ashutosh (14 December 2009). "HC very concerned". The Daily Star. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Bangladesh: Allow Photo Exhibit of Crossfire Killings". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ Human Rights Watch (22 January 2012), "World Report 2012: Bangladesh", English, retrieved 26 October 2022
- ^ "Limon was not shot point-blank in leg: RAB". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Limon, who lost leg in RAB shootout, gets married". New Age. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Bangladesh: Vendetta Against Child Shot by Troops". Human Rights Watch. 28 August 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Ex-Rab official held". The Daily Star. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Correspondent, Staff; Chittagong (5 May 2012). "Ex-Rab official sent to jail". The Daily Star. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Darbar Sharif loot: Dismissed Rab Lt Col Zulfiqar to face trail". www.observerbd.com. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Bangladesh: 86 Victims of Enforced Disappearance Still Missing". Human Rights Watch. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Bangladesh: Investigate Case of Enforced Disappearance". Human Rights Watch. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "RAB intelligence chief Azad dies from Sylhet blast injuries". Dhaka Tribune. 31 March 2017.
- ^ a b Bergman, David. "Employee of UK-based Bangladeshi businessman dies in custody". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "RAB air wing director Ismail, injured in helicopter crash, dies – National". The Daily Observer. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Bangladesh Government Keeps Rewarding Rights Abusers". Human Rights Watch. 5 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Inside Bangladesh's 'death squad' – DW – 04/03/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ "DW documentary: US hopes Bangladesh will examine allegations against RAB". unb.com.bd. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ "Will US Sanctions on RAB affect the zero-tolerance policy against counter-terrorism?". Pakistan Today. 13 January 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Drives underway to catch those responsible for Uttara crane accident: RAB". The Business Standard. 16 August 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Nine held with expired test kits for COVID-19". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Mahila Dal GS remanded in DSA case for criticising PM". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Staff Correspondent (26 August 2022). "Rab probing 'false' case it drafted". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "8 members of HSC question leak gang held in Rajshahi". www.dhakatribune.com. 18 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "RAB detains 11 suspected militants in Khulna". unb.com.bd. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "5 members of drugs gang sentenced for 2014 attack on Rab". unb.com.bd. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "RAB gets 6 new COs". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Suspected activist of banned group Ansar Al-Islam held in Sylhet". www.dhakatribune.com. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Staff Correspondent (10 October 2022). "RAB provides details of five arrested militants". Prothomalo. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "3 more members of Jama'atul Ansar held in Narayanganj". www.dhakatribune.com. 9 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Drug dealer held in Sirajganj, microbus seized". Risingbd Online Bangla News Portal. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "3 JMB members get life imprisonment, one gets 14yrs jail". www.dhakatribune.com. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "'JMB planned to commit robbery in Mymensingh'". Risingbd Online Bangla News Portal. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "RAB probes into how DGFI officer killed". New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ . Rapid Action Battalion. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014.
- ^ "চৌধুরী মামুন র্যাবের নতুন ডিজি". Bangladesh Pratidin. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ . Rapid Action Battalion. 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007.
- ^ "Bangladesh police arrest fugitive". BBC News. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "3 gunned down at Karwan Bazaar". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "'Pichchi' Hannan killed in 'crossfire'". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "Another criminal dies in 'shootout' with Rab". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "Rab action kills 4 in city, 1 in Rangpur". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "Criminal dies in 'crossfire'". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "'Top Bangladeshi militant' held". BBC News. 6 March 2006.
- ^ "World Report 2012: Bangladesh: Events of 2011". Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ "Death of Youth in Rab Action". The Daily Star. 21 May 2007.
- ^ "Rapid Action Battalion won't be used for political purpose". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation. 18 February 2005.
- ^ . Prothom Alo. Archived from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ^ "7-murder: Nur Hossain, Rab commander Tareque, 24 others get death". The Daily Star. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ^ "Death for Nur, Tareque Sayeed, 24 others". The Independent. Dhaka. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ^ "Bangladesh: End Unlawful Violence Against Protesters". Human Rights Watch. 3 May 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
- ^ Janzon, Beatrice (4 April 2017). "Exclusive: Officer Exposes Brutal Killings by Bangladeshi Elite Police Unit RAB". Swedish Radio. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ Bipartisan Letter Calls for Sanctions on Bangladeshi Battalion for Extrajudicial Killings, Enforced Disappearances, Torture
- ^ "Extrajudicial killings: US senators seek sanction on senior RAB officials". Dhaka Tribune. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ "US senators call for sanction on RAB officials engaged in 'extrajudicial killing'". The Business Standard. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ "Extrajudicial Killings: 10 US senators for sanctions on Rab high-ups". The Daily Star. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ "Bangladesh: Rapid Action Battalion shot innocent college student into permanent disability and now threatening sympathizers to kill extra-judicially". Asian Human Rights Commission. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ^ . New Age. Dhaka. 10 July 2013. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ^ "RAB 'framed, beat' Germany-based Bangladeshi expat". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- ^ "Now RAB in plain clothes pick up expat, frame him". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ Muktadir Rashid (30 August 2014). "The List grows Longer". New Age. Dhaka. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ . World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). 23 May 2012. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ "Rapid Action Battalion". sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov.
- ^ "Global Magnitsky Designations; North Korea Designations; Burma-related Designations; Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies (NS-CMIC) List Update". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ "Letter to the US seeking withdrawal of sanctions on RAB". Prothomalo. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ^ "Congressman Meeks says he strongly supports sanctions on RAB and its officials". Dhaka Tribune. 5 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
Further reading Edit
- "Judge, jury, and executioner: Torture and extrajudicial killings by Bangladesh's elite security force". Human Rights Watch. 13 December 2006.
- Tasneem Khalil (December 2006). "Justice, Bangladesh style". Forum. The Daily Star.
External links Edit
- Official website